Yield stability analysis reveals sources of large-scale nitrogen loss from the US Midwest

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42271-1

Title: Yield stability analysis reveals sources of large-scale nitrogen loss from the US Midwest

Abstract

Loss of reactive nitrogen (N) from agricultural fields in the U.S. Midwest is a principal cause of the persistent hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico. We used eight years of high resolution satellite imagery, field boundaries, crop data layers, and yield stability classes to estimate the proportion of N fertilizer removed in harvest (NUE) versus left as surplus N in 8 million corn (Zea mays) fields at subfield resolutions of 30 × 30 m (0.09 ha) across 30 million ha of 10 Midwest states. On average, 26% of subfields in the region could be classified as stable low yield, 28% as unstable (low yield some years, high others), and 46% as stable high yield. NUE varied from 48% in stable low yield areas to 88% in stable high yield areas. We estimate regional average N losses of 1.12 (0.64–1.67) Tg N y^-1 from stable and unstable low yield areas, corresponding to USD 485 (267–702) million dollars of fertilizer value, 79 (45–113) TJ of energy, and greenhouse gas emissions of 6.8 (3.4–10.1) MMT CO₂ equivalents. Matching N fertilizer rates to crop yield stability classes could reduce regional reactive N losses substantially with no impact on crop yields, thereby enhancing themore »« less

Authors:

^[1]; Shuai, Guanyuan ^[1]; Zhang, Jinshui ^[2];

^[1]

Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
Beijing Normal Univ., Beijing (China); Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)

Publication Date:: 2019-04-08

Research Org.:: Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States). Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23)

OSTI Identifier:: 1546703

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0018409

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Scientific Reports

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 9; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Citation Formats


                    Basso, Bruno, Shuai, Guanyuan, Zhang, Jinshui, and Robertson, G. Philip. Yield stability analysis reveals sources of large-scale nitrogen loss from the US Midwest.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
        Web.  doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42271-1.

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                    Basso, Bruno, Shuai, Guanyuan, Zhang, Jinshui, & Robertson, G. Philip. Yield stability analysis reveals sources of large-scale nitrogen loss from the US Midwest.  United States.  doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42271-1.

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                    Basso, Bruno, Shuai, Guanyuan, Zhang, Jinshui, and Robertson, G. Philip. Mon .  
        "Yield stability analysis reveals sources of large-scale nitrogen loss from the US Midwest".  United States.  doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42271-1.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1546703.

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@article{osti_1546703,

  title        = {Yield stability analysis reveals sources of large-scale nitrogen loss from the US Midwest},

  author       = {Basso, Bruno and Shuai, Guanyuan and Zhang, Jinshui and Robertson, G. Philip},

  abstractNote = {Loss of reactive nitrogen (N) from agricultural fields in the U.S. Midwest is a principal cause of the persistent hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico. We used eight years of high resolution satellite imagery, field boundaries, crop data layers, and yield stability classes to estimate the proportion of N fertilizer removed in harvest (NUE) versus left as surplus N in 8 million corn (Zea mays) fields at subfield resolutions of 30 × 30 m (0.09 ha) across 30 million ha of 10 Midwest states. On average, 26% of subfields in the region could be classified as stable low yield, 28% as unstable (low yield some years, high others), and 46% as stable high yield. NUE varied from 48% in stable low yield areas to 88% in stable high yield areas. We estimate regional average N losses of 1.12 (0.64–1.67) Tg N y-1 from stable and unstable low yield areas, corresponding to USD 485 (267–702) million dollars of fertilizer value, 79 (45–113) TJ of energy, and greenhouse gas emissions of 6.8 (3.4–10.1) MMT CO2 equivalents. Matching N fertilizer rates to crop yield stability classes could reduce regional reactive N losses substantially with no impact on crop yields, thereby enhancing the sustainability of corn-based cropping systems.},

  doi          = {10.1038/s41598-019-42271-1},

  journal      = {Scientific Reports},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 9,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {4}

}

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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42271-1

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Title: Yield stability analysis reveals sources of large-scale nitrogen loss from the US Midwest

Abstract

Citation Formats

Global metaanalysis of the nonlinear response of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions to fertilizer nitrogen journal, June 2014

50 year trends in nitrogen use efficiency of world cropping systems: the relationship between yield and nitrogen input to cropland journal, October 2014

Nitrogen use in the global food system: past trends and future trajectories of agronomic performance, pollution, trade, and dietary demand journal, September 2016

Perennial Filter Strips Reduce Nitrate Levels in Soil and Shallow Groundwater after Grassland-to-Cropland Conversion journal, January 2010

Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture journal, November 2011

The nitrogen content of corn grain as affected by hybrid, population, and location journal, June 1984

Targeted subfield switchgrass integration could improve the farm economy, water quality, and bioenergy feedstock production journal, October 2017

Nitrous Oxide (N2O): The Dominant Ozone-Depleting Substance Emitted in the 21st Century journal, August 2009

High Nitrate Concentrations in Some Midwest United States Streams in 2013 after the 2012 Drought journal, January 2016

Risk of Nitrate in Groundwaters of the United StatesA National Perspective journal, August 1997

Nutrient Imbalances in Agricultural Development journal, June 2009

Greenhouse Gases in Intensive Agriculture: Contributions of Individual Gases to the Radiative Forcing of the Atmosphere journal, September 2000

Analyzing the effects of climate variability on spatial pattern of yield in a maize–wheat–soybean rotation journal, February 2007

Pursuing sustainable productivity with millions of smallholder farmers journal, March 2018

Impact of second‐generation biofuel agriculture on greenhouse‐gas emissions in the corn‐growing regions of the US journal, July 2011

Economic perspectives on nitrogen in farming systems: managing trade-offs between production, risk and the environment journal, January 2017

Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China journal, February 2013

New technologies reduce greenhouse gas emissions from nitrogenous fertilizer in China journal, May 2013

Reconnecting Tile Drainage to Riparian Buffer Hydrology for Enhanced Nitrate Removal journal, January 2014

Patterns and trends in nitrogen use and nitrogen recovery efficiency in world agriculture: GLOBAL N RECOVERY EFFICIENCIES journal, June 2013

The interpretation of trends from multiple yield maps journal, March 2000

Predicting spatial patterns of within-field crop yield variability journal, April 2018

Physiological perspectives of changes over time in maize yield dependency on nitrogen uptake and associated nitrogen efficiencies: A review journal, July 2012

Coupled biogeochemical cycles: eutrophication and hypoxia in temperate estuaries and coastal marine ecosystems journal, February 2011

Forming spatially coherent regions by classification of multi-variate data: an example from the analysis of maps of crop yield journal, January 1998

Drivers of within-field spatial and temporal variability of crop yield across the US Midwest journal, October 2018

Cellulosic biofuel contributions to a sustainable energy future: Choices and outcomes journal, June 2017

Nitrogen in Agriculture: Balancing the Cost of an Essential Resource journal, November 2009

Biological nitrogen fixation: rates, patterns and ecological controls in terrestrial ecosystems journal, July 2013

Reducing nitrogen fertilizer application as a climate change mitigation strategy: Understanding farmer decision-making and potential barriers to change in the US journal, January 2014

Integrated soil-crop system management for food security journal, March 2011

The Need for a Coupled Human and Natural Systems Understanding of Agricultural Nitrogen Loss journal, May 2015

Environmental and economic benefits of variable rate nitrogen fertilization in a nitrate vulnerable zone journal, March 2016

Performance Evaluation of Four Field-Scale Agricultural Drainage Denitrification Bioreactors in Iowa journal, January 2012

A strategic and tactical management approach to select optimal N fertilizer rates for wheat in a spatially variable field journal, November 2011

Agroecosystems, Nitrogen-use Efficiency, and Nitrogen Management journal, March 2002

Management, Topographical, and Weather Effects on Spatial Variability of Crop Grain Yields journal, January 2005

Landscape Position and Precipitation Effects on Spatial Variability of Wheat Yield and Grain Protein in Southern Italy journal, August 2009

Is Site-Specific Yield Response Consistent over Time? Does It Pay? journal, May 2006

Prairie strips improve biodiversity and the delivery of multiple ecosystem services from corn–soybean croplands journal, October 2017

Global metaanalysis of the nonlinear response of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions to fertilizer nitrogen
journal, June 2014

50 year trends in nitrogen use efficiency of world cropping systems: the relationship between yield and nitrogen input to cropland
journal, October 2014

Nitrogen use in the global food system: past trends and future trajectories of agronomic performance, pollution, trade, and dietary demand
journal, September 2016

Perennial Filter Strips Reduce Nitrate Levels in Soil and Shallow Groundwater after Grassland-to-Cropland Conversion
journal, January 2010

Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture
journal, November 2011

The nitrogen content of corn grain as affected by hybrid, population, and location
journal, June 1984

Targeted subfield switchgrass integration could improve the farm economy, water quality, and bioenergy feedstock production
journal, October 2017

Nitrous Oxide (N2O): The Dominant Ozone-Depleting Substance Emitted in the 21st Century
journal, August 2009

High Nitrate Concentrations in Some Midwest United States Streams in 2013 after the 2012 Drought
journal, January 2016

Risk of Nitrate in Groundwaters of the United StatesA National Perspective
journal, August 1997

Nutrient Imbalances in Agricultural Development
journal, June 2009

Greenhouse Gases in Intensive Agriculture: Contributions of Individual Gases to the Radiative Forcing of the Atmosphere
journal, September 2000

Analyzing the effects of climate variability on spatial pattern of yield in a maize–wheat–soybean rotation
journal, February 2007

Pursuing sustainable productivity with millions of smallholder farmers
journal, March 2018

Impact of second‐generation biofuel agriculture on greenhouse‐gas emissions in the corn‐growing regions of the US
journal, July 2011

Economic perspectives on nitrogen in farming systems: managing trade-offs between production, risk and the environment
journal, January 2017

Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China
journal, February 2013

New technologies reduce greenhouse gas emissions from nitrogenous fertilizer in China
journal, May 2013

Reconnecting Tile Drainage to Riparian Buffer Hydrology for Enhanced Nitrate Removal
journal, January 2014

Patterns and trends in nitrogen use and nitrogen recovery efficiency in world agriculture: GLOBAL N RECOVERY EFFICIENCIES
journal, June 2013

The interpretation of trends from multiple yield maps
journal, March 2000

Predicting spatial patterns of within-field crop yield variability
journal, April 2018

Physiological perspectives of changes over time in maize yield dependency on nitrogen uptake and associated nitrogen efficiencies: A review
journal, July 2012

Coupled biogeochemical cycles: eutrophication and hypoxia in temperate estuaries and coastal marine ecosystems
journal, February 2011

Forming spatially coherent regions by classification of multi-variate data: an example from the analysis of maps of crop yield
journal, January 1998

Drivers of within-field spatial and temporal variability of crop yield across the US Midwest
journal, October 2018

Cellulosic biofuel contributions to a sustainable energy future: Choices and outcomes
journal, June 2017

Nitrogen in Agriculture: Balancing the Cost of an Essential Resource
journal, November 2009

Biological nitrogen fixation: rates, patterns and ecological controls in terrestrial ecosystems
journal, July 2013

Reducing nitrogen fertilizer application as a climate change mitigation strategy: Understanding farmer decision-making and potential barriers to change in the US
journal, January 2014

Integrated soil-crop system management for food security
journal, March 2011

The Need for a Coupled Human and Natural Systems Understanding of Agricultural Nitrogen Loss
journal, May 2015

Environmental and economic benefits of variable rate nitrogen fertilization in a nitrate vulnerable zone
journal, March 2016

Performance Evaluation of Four Field-Scale Agricultural Drainage Denitrification Bioreactors in Iowa
journal, January 2012

A strategic and tactical management approach to select optimal N fertilizer rates for wheat in a spatially variable field
journal, November 2011

Agroecosystems, Nitrogen-use Efficiency, and Nitrogen Management
journal, March 2002

Management, Topographical, and Weather Effects on Spatial Variability of Crop Grain Yields
journal, January 2005

Landscape Position and Precipitation Effects on Spatial Variability of Wheat Yield and Grain Protein in Southern Italy
journal, August 2009

Is Site-Specific Yield Response Consistent over Time? Does It Pay?
journal, May 2006

Prairie strips improve biodiversity and the delivery of multiple ecosystem services from corn–soybean croplands
journal, October 2017