Evidence for a vestigial nematic state in the cuprate pseudogap phase

Mukhopadhyay, Sourin; Sharma, Rahul; Kim, Chung Koo; Edkins, Stephen D.; Hamidian, Mohammad H.; Eisaki, Hiroshi; Uchida, Shin-ichi; Kim, Eun-Ah; Lawler, Michael J.; Mackenzie, Andrew P.; Davis, J. C.  Séamus; Fujita, Kazuhiro

doi:10.1073/pnas.1821454116

Title: Evidence for a vestigial nematic state in the cuprate pseudogap phase

Journal Article · 02 June 2019 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821454116 · OSTI ID:1546047

Mukhopadhyay, Sourin ^[1]; Sharma, Rahul ^[2]; Kim, Chung Koo ^[3]; Edkins, Stephen D. ^[4]; Hamidian, Mohammad H. ^[5]; Eisaki, Hiroshi ^[6]; Uchida, Shin-ichi ^[7]; Kim, Eun-Ah ^[8]; Lawler, Michael J. ^[8]; Mackenzie, Andrew P. ^[9]; Davis, J. C. Séamus ^[10]; Fujita, Kazuhiro ^[3]

Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram (India); Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
Nanoelectronics Research Institute, Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan)
Nanoelectronics Research Institute, Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan); Univ. of Tokyo (Japan)
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States)
Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden (Germany)
Univ. College Cork (Ireland); Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom)

The CuO₂ antiferromagnetic insulator is transformed by hole-doping into an exotic quantum fluid usually referred to as the pseudogap (PG) phase. Its defining characteristic is a strong suppression of the electronic density-of-states D(E) for energies |E| < Δ*, where Δ* is the PG energy. Unanticipated broken-symmetry phases have been detected by a wide variety of techniques in the PG regime, most significantly a finite-Q density-wave (DW) state and a Q = 0 nematic (NE) state. Sublattice-phase-resolved imaging of electronic structure allows the doping and energy dependence of these distinct broken-symmetry states to be visualized simultaneously. Using this approach, we show that even though their reported ordering temperatures T_DW and T_NE are unrelated to each other, both the DW and NE states always exhibit their maximum spectral intensity at the same energy, and using independent measurements that this is the PG energy Δ*. Moreover, no new energy-gap opening coincides with the appearance of the DW state (which should theoretically open an energy gap on the Fermi surface), while the observed PG opening coincides with the appearance of the NE state (which should theoretically be incapable of opening a Fermi-surface gap). Here, we demonstrate how this perplexing phenomenology of thermal transitions and energy-gap opening at the breaking of two highly distinct symmetries may be understood as the natural consequence of a vestigial nematic state within the pseudogap phase of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O₈.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-98CH10886; SC0012704; SC0018946

OSTI ID:: 1546047

Report Number(s):: BNL--211919-2019-JAAM

Journal Information:: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Journal Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Journal Issue: 27 Vol. 116; ISSN 0027-8424

Publisher:: National Academy of SciencesCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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broken symmetry
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Title: Evidence for a vestigial nematic state in the cuprate pseudogap phase

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