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Title: Sub-nanosecond single line-of-sight (SLOS) x-ray imagers (invited)

Abstract

A new generation of fast-gated x-ray framing cameras have been developed that are capable of capturing multiple frames along a single line-of-sight with 30 ps temporal resolution. The instruments are constructed by integrating pulse-dilation electron imaging with burst mode hybrid-complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor sensors. Two such instruments have been developed, characterized, and fielded at the National Ignition Facility and the OMEGA laser. These instruments are particularly suited for advanced x-ray imaging applications in Inertial Confinement Fusion and High energy density experiments. Here, we discuss the system architecture and the techniques required for tuning the instruments to achieve optimal performance. Characterization results are also presented along with planned future improvements to the design.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [3]; ORCiD logo [3];  [4];  [4];  [4];  [4]; ORCiD logo [4];  [5];  [5];  [5];  [5];  [6];  [6];  [6]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
  2. TMC2 Innovations LLC, Murrietta, CA (United States)
  3. Kentech Instruments LTD (United Kingdom)
  4. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  5. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
  6. Lab. for Laser Energetics, Rochester, NY (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1545521
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1477908
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344; NA0001808; NA0001944
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Review of Scientific Instruments
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 89; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 0034-6748
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION; 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Citation Formats

Engelhorn, K., Hilsabeck, T. J., Kilkenny, J., Morris, D., Chung, T. M., Dymoke-Bradshaw, A., Hares, J. D., Bell, P., Bradley, D., Carpenter, A. C., Dayton, M., Nagel, S. R., Claus, L., Porter, J., Rochau, G., Sanchez, M., Ivancic, S., Sorce, C., and Theobald, W. Sub-nanosecond single line-of-sight (SLOS) x-ray imagers (invited). United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1063/1.5039648.
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Engelhorn, K., Hilsabeck, T. J., Kilkenny, J., Morris, D., Chung, T. M., Dymoke-Bradshaw, A., Hares, J. D., Bell, P., Bradley, D., Carpenter, A. C., Dayton, M., Nagel, S. R., Claus, L., Porter, J., Rochau, G., Sanchez, M., Ivancic, S., Sorce, C., & Theobald, W. Sub-nanosecond single line-of-sight (SLOS) x-ray imagers (invited). United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5039648
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Engelhorn, K., Hilsabeck, T. J., Kilkenny, J., Morris, D., Chung, T. M., Dymoke-Bradshaw, A., Hares, J. D., Bell, P., Bradley, D., Carpenter, A. C., Dayton, M., Nagel, S. R., Claus, L., Porter, J., Rochau, G., Sanchez, M., Ivancic, S., Sorce, C., and Theobald, W. Wed . "Sub-nanosecond single line-of-sight (SLOS) x-ray imagers (invited)". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5039648. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1545521.
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@article{osti_1545521,
title = {Sub-nanosecond single line-of-sight (SLOS) x-ray imagers (invited)},
author = {Engelhorn, K. and Hilsabeck, T. J. and Kilkenny, J. and Morris, D. and Chung, T. M. and Dymoke-Bradshaw, A. and Hares, J. D. and Bell, P. and Bradley, D. and Carpenter, A. C. and Dayton, M. and Nagel, S. R. and Claus, L. and Porter, J. and Rochau, G. and Sanchez, M. and Ivancic, S. and Sorce, C. and Theobald, W.},
abstractNote = {A new generation of fast-gated x-ray framing cameras have been developed that are capable of capturing multiple frames along a single line-of-sight with 30 ps temporal resolution. The instruments are constructed by integrating pulse-dilation electron imaging with burst mode hybrid-complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor sensors. Two such instruments have been developed, characterized, and fielded at the National Ignition Facility and the OMEGA laser. These instruments are particularly suited for advanced x-ray imaging applications in Inertial Confinement Fusion and High energy density experiments. Here, we discuss the system architecture and the techniques required for tuning the instruments to achieve optimal performance. Characterization results are also presented along with planned future improvements to the design.},
doi = {10.1063/1.5039648},
journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
number = 10,
volume = 89,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {10}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5039648
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Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 8 works
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Figures / Tables:

FIG. 1 FIG. 1: Schematic of system operation. (1) X-rays generate photoelectrons at the photocathode. (2) The photoelectrons are accelerated by a time dependent, spatially invariant electric field, produced by colliding avalanche pulses (see Secs. II A and II B). (3) The accelerated electrons undergo cyclotron motion as they propagate through themore » drift region (see Sec. II C). (4) Electrons are dispersed such that the pulse duration is ∼50× greater than the input x-ray pulse. (5) Electrons are accelerated by the boost region and impinge on the CMOS detector (see Sec. II D). (6) The CMOS detector collects the dilated electron pulse over several frames with ns frame widths.« less
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Works referenced in this record:

High-Adiabat High-Foot Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosion Experiments on the National Ignition Facility
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Comparison of implosion core metrics: A 10 ps dilation X-ray imager vs a 100 ps gated microchannel plate
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  • Nagel, S. R.; Benedetti, L. R.; Bradley, D. K.
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Dilation x-ray imager a new/faster gated x-ray imager for the NIF
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Pulse-dilation enhanced gated optical imager with 5 ps resolution (invited)
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Investigating high speed phenomena in laser plasma interactions using dilation x-ray imager (invited)
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A Kirkpatrick-Baez microscope for the National Ignition Facility
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conference, August 2015

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Design and characterization of an improved 2 ns multi-frame imager for the ultra-fast x-ray imager (UXI) program at Sandia National Laboratories
conference, September 2017

  • Claus, Liam D.; Sanchez, Marcos; Robertson, Gideon A.
  • Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion VI
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The single-line-of-sight, time-resolved x-ray imager diagnostic on OMEGA
journal, October 2018

  • Theobald, W.; Sorce, C.; Bedzyk, M.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10
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The dilation aided single–line–of–sight x–ray camera for the National Ignition Facility: Characterization and fielding
journal, October 2018

  • Nagel, S. R.; Carpenter, A. C.; Park, J.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.5038671
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    The single-line-of-sight, time-resolved x-ray imager diagnostic on OMEGA
    journal, October 2018

    • Theobald, W.; Sorce, C.; Bedzyk, M.
    • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5036767

    The dilation aided single–line–of–sight x–ray camera for the National Ignition Facility: Characterization and fielding
    journal, October 2018

    • Nagel, S. R.; Carpenter, A. C.; Park, J.
    • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5038671

    The Crystal Backlighter Imager: A spherically bent crystal imager for radiography on the National Ignition Facility
    journal, January 2019

    • Hall, G. N.; Krauland, C. M.; Schollmeier, M. S.
    • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 90, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5058700

    Turbulent mixing and transition criteria of flows induced by hydrodynamic instabilities
    journal, August 2019

    • Zhou, Ye; Clark, Timothy T.; Clark, Daniel S.
    • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 8
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5088745

    Mixing in ICF implosions on the National Ignition Facility caused by the fill-tube
    journal, March 2020

    • Weber, C. R.; Clark, D. S.; Pak, A.
    • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5125599

    Performance characterization of a four-frame nanosecond gated hybrid CMOS image sensor
    conference, September 2018

    • Hurd, Emily R.; Carpenter, Arthur C.; Dayton, Matthew S.
    • Radiation Detectors in Medicine, Industry, and National Security XIX
    • DOI: 10.1117/12.2319419
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