What do we know about soil carbon destabilization?

Bailey, Vanessa L.; Pries, Caitlin Hicks; Lajtha, Kate

doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab2c11

Title: What do we know about soil carbon destabilization?

Abstract

Abstract Most empirical and modeling research on soil carbon (C) dynamics has focused on those processes that control and promote C stabilization. However, we lack a strong, generalizable understanding of the mechanisms through which soil organic carbon (SOC) is destabilized in soils. Yet a clear understanding of C destabilization processes in soil is needed to quantify the feedbacks of the soil C cycle to the Earth system. Destabilization includes processes that occur along a spectrum through which SOC shifts from a ‘protected’ state to an ‘available’ state to microbial cells where it can be mineralized to gaseous forms or to soluble forms that are then lost from the soil system. These processes fall into three general categories: (1) release from physical occlusion through processes such as tillage, bioturbation, or freeze-thaw and wetting-drying cycles; (2) C desorption from soil solids and colloids; and (3) increased C metabolism. Many processes that stabilize soil C can also destabilize C, and C gain or loss depends on the balance between competing reactions. For example, earthworms may both destabilize C through aggregate destruction, but may also create new aggregates and redistribute C into mineral horizon. Similarly, mycorrhizae and roots form new soil C but maymore »« less

Authors:

;

Publication Date:: 2019-07-29

Research Org.:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

OSTI Identifier:: 1545407

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1572469

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-143015
Journal ID: ISSN 1748-9326

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Environmental Research Letters

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Environmental Research Letters Journal Volume: 14 Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 1748-9326

Publisher:: IOP Publishing

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

Subject:: 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; soil organic carbon; destabilization; physical occlusion; metabolism; bioavailability; priming; Birch effect

Citation Formats


                    Bailey, Vanessa L., Pries, Caitlin Hicks, and Lajtha, Kate. What do we know about soil carbon destabilization?.  United Kingdom: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab2c11.

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                    Bailey, Vanessa L., Pries, Caitlin Hicks, & Lajtha, Kate. What do we know about soil carbon destabilization?.  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2c11

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                    Bailey, Vanessa L., Pries, Caitlin Hicks, and Lajtha, Kate. Mon .  
"What do we know about soil carbon destabilization?".  United Kingdom.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2c11.

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@article{osti_1545407,

  title        = {What do we know about soil carbon destabilization?},

  author       = {Bailey, Vanessa L. and Pries, Caitlin Hicks and Lajtha, Kate},

  abstractNote = {Abstract Most empirical and modeling research on soil carbon (C) dynamics has focused on those processes that control and promote C stabilization. However, we lack a strong, generalizable understanding of the mechanisms through which soil organic carbon (SOC) is destabilized in soils. Yet a clear understanding of C destabilization processes in soil is needed to quantify the feedbacks of the soil C cycle to the Earth system. Destabilization includes processes that occur along a spectrum through which SOC shifts from a ‘protected’ state to an ‘available’ state to microbial cells where it can be mineralized to gaseous forms or to soluble forms that are then lost from the soil system. These processes fall into three general categories: (1) release from physical occlusion through processes such as tillage, bioturbation, or freeze-thaw and wetting-drying cycles; (2) C desorption from soil solids and colloids; and (3) increased C metabolism. Many processes that stabilize soil C can also destabilize C, and C gain or loss depends on the balance between competing reactions. For example, earthworms may both destabilize C through aggregate destruction, but may also create new aggregates and redistribute C into mineral horizon. Similarly, mycorrhizae and roots form new soil C but may also destabilize old soil C through priming and promoting microbial mining; labile C inputs cause C stabilization through increased carbon use efficiency or may fuel priming. Changes to the soil environment that affect the solubility of minerals or change the relative surfaces charges of minerals can destabilize SOC, including increased pH or in the reductive dissolution of Fe-bearing minerals. By considering these different physical, chemical, and biological controls as processes that contribute to soil C destabilization, we can develop thoughtful new hypotheses about the persistence and vulnerability of C in soils and make more accurate and robust predictions of soil C cycling in a changing environment.},

  doi          = {10.1088/1748-9326/ab2c11},

  journal      = {Environmental Research Letters},

  number       = 8,

  volume       = 14,

  place        = {United Kingdom},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {7}

}

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Title: What do we know about soil carbon destabilization?

Abstract

Citation Formats

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Drying and rewetting of a loamy sand soil did not increase the turnover of native organic matter, but retarded the decomposition of added 14C-labelled plant material journal, April 1999

The whole-soil carbon flux in response to warming journal, March 2017

Can no-tillage stimulate carbon sequestration in agricultural soils? A meta-analysis of paired experiments journal, October 2010

Interactive effects of climate change and fungal communities on wood-derived carbon in forest soils journal, December 2017

Water balance creates a threshold in soil pH at the global scale journal, November 2016

Spatial distribution and chemical composition of soil organic matter fractions in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil under European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) journal, February 2016

Alternative explanations for rising dissolved organic carbon export from organic soils journal, November 2006

Precipitation pulses enhance respiration of Mediterranean ecosystems: the balance between organic and inorganic components of increased soil CO 2 efflux journal, May 2009

Environmental and stoichiometric controls on microbial carbon-use efficiency in soils: Research review journal, July 2012

Aggregate-associated soil organic matter as an ecosystem property and a measurement tool journal, January 2014

Dissimilatory microbial iron reduction release DOC (dissolved organic carbon) from carbon-ferrihydrite association journal, December 2016

High carbon use efficiency and low priming effect promote soil C stabilization under reduced tillage journal, August 2018

Aggregation and Soil Organic Matter Accumulation in Cultivated and Native Grassland Soils journal, January 1998

Evaluation of soil aggregate microstructure and stability under wetting and drying cycles in two Ultisols using synchrotron-based X-ray micro-computed tomography journal, June 2015

Rainfall-induced carbon dioxide pulses result from sequential resuscitation of phylogenetically clustered microbial groups journal, June 2012

Speciation and Long- and Short-term Molecular-level Dynamics of Soil Organic Sulfur Studied by X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure Spectroscopy journal, January 2011

Quantifying global soil carbon losses in response to warming journal, November 2016

Soil carbon losses due to higher pH offset vegetation gains due to calcium enrichment in an acid mitigation experiment journal, August 2018

Does declining carbon-use efficiency explain thermal acclimation of soil respiration with warming? journal, October 2012

Review of mechanisms and quantification of priming effects journal, October 2000

Tillage and soil carbon sequestration—What do we really know? journal, January 2007

Sorptive stabilization of organic matter in soils by hydrous iron oxides journal, January 2007

Mechanisms controlling soil carbon turnover and their potential application for enhancing carbon sequestration journal, December 2006

Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Aggregate Stability and Hydraulic Conductivity of Three Soil Aggregate Sizes1 journal, January 1973

Redox control of phosphorus pools in Hawaiian montane forest soils journal, August 2001

Minerals in the rhizosphere: overlooked mediators of soil nitrogen availability to plants and microbes journal, June 2018

Effects of altered dry season length and plant inputs on soluble soil carbon journal, August 2018

Controls on the Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Matter in Soils: a Review journal, January 2000

Role of proteins in soil carbon and nitrogen storage: controls on persistence journal, March 2007

Priming of soil organic carbon by malic acid addition is differentially affected by nutrient availability journal, October 2014

Repeated wet-dry cycles do not accelerate the mineralization of organic C involved in the macro-aggregation of a sandy loam soil journal, August 1995

Shifts in pore connectivity from precipitation versus groundwater rewetting increases soil carbon loss after drought journal, November 2017

Is priming effect a significant process for long-term SOC dynamics? Analysis of a 52-years old experiment journal, January 2015

Long-term increases in surface water dissolved organic carbon: Observations, possible causes and environmental impacts journal, September 2005

Prolonged drought changes the bacterial growth response to rewetting journal, September 2015

Soil Aggregation and Soil Organic Carbon Stabilization: Effects of Management in Semiarid Mediterranean Agroecosystems journal, January 2009

Land use change and soil organic carbon dynamics journal, October 2007

Linking pulses of atmospheric deposition to DOC release in an upland peat-covered catchment: ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION AND DOC RELEASE? journal, December 2008

Carbon Sequestration in Microaggregates of No-Tillage Soils with Different Clay Mineralogy journal, January 2004

Impacts of Wet–Dry Cycles and a Range of Constant Water Contents on Carbon Mineralization in Soils under Three Cropping Treatments journal, January 2012

Carbon cycling in eroding landscapes: geomorphic controls on soil organic C pool composition and C stabilization journal, April 2012

Synergistic effects of diffusion and microbial physiology reproduce the Birch effect in a micro-scale model journal, February 2016

Land-Use Intensity Effects on Soil Organic Carbon Accumulation Rates and Mechanisms journal, April 2007

Beyond clay: towards an improved set of variables for predicting soil organic matter content journal, February 2018

The influence of freeze–thaw cycles and soil moisture on aggregate stability of three soils in Norway journal, November 2006

Soil microbial biomass carbon and phosphorus as affected by frequent drying–rewetting journal, January 2016

Mineral control of soil organic carbon storage and turnover journal, September 1997

Climate-driven thresholds in reactive mineral retention of soil carbon at the global scale journal, November 2018

More replenishment than priming loss of soil organic carbon with additional carbon input journal, August 2018

The priming effect generated by stoichiometric decomposition and nutrient mining in cultivated tropical soils: Actors and drivers journal, May 2018

The Millennial model: in search of measurable pools and transformations for modeling soil carbon in the new century journal, December 2017

Increasing pH drives organic matter solubilization from wetland soils under reducing conditions journal, December 2009

The severity of sediment desiccation affects the adsorption characteristics and speciation of phosphorus journal, January 2016

Negative priming effect on mineralization in a soil free of vegetation for 80 years journal, April 2010

Physical fractionation of soil organic matter: Destabilization of deep soil carbon following harvesting of a temperate coniferous forest journal, January 2009

Freeze–thaw regime effects on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in sub-arctic heath tundra mesocosms journal, April 2004

Hydrology and microtopography control carbon dynamics in wetlands: Implications in partitioning ecosystem respiration in a coastal plain forested wetland journal, December 2017

Why is the influence of soil macrofauna on soil structure only considered by soil ecologists? journal, March 2015

Increased belowground carbon inputs and warming promote loss of soil organic carbon through complementary microbial responses journal, September 2014

Contribution of aboveground litter, belowground litter, and rhizosphere respiration to total soil CO2 efflux in an old growth coniferous forest journal, March 2005

Total and Extreme Precipitation Changes over the Northeastern United States journal, June 2017

Conservation agriculture and ecosystem services: An overview journal, April 2014

Mycorrhizal Hyphal Turnover as a Dominant Process for Carbon Input into Soil Organic Matter journal, March 2006

On the origin of carbon dioxide released from rewetted soils journal, October 2016

Soil respiration and microbial biomass in multiple drying and rewetting cycles – Effect of glucose addition journal, November 2017

Old and stable soil organic matter is not necessarily chemically recalcitrant: implications for modeling concepts and temperature sensitivity: SLOW TURNOVER OF LABILE SOIL ORGANIC MATTER journal, January 2011

Root penetration in deep soil layers stimulates mineralization of millennia-old organic carbon journal, September 2018

Influence of Earthworm Invasion on Redistribution and Retention of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Northern Temperate Forests journal, February 2004

Micro- and nano-environments of carbon sequestration: Multi-element STXM–NEXAFS spectromicroscopy assessment of microbial carbon and mineral associations journal, November 2012

Mycorrhiza-mediated competition between plants and decomposers drives soil carbon storage journal, January 2014

Stabilization and destabilization of soil organic matter: mechanisms and controls journal, November 1996

The effect of soil drying on humus decomposition and nitrogen availability journal, September 1958

Temperature response of soil respiration largely unaltered with experimental warming journal, November 2016

Exploring the ‘Birch effect’ in reservoir sediments: influence of inundation history on aerobic nutrient release
journal, November 2008

Growth and death of bacteria and fungi underlie rainfall-induced carbon dioxide pulses from seasonally dried soil
journal, May 2014

Mineral protection of soil carbon counteracted by root exudates
journal, March 2015

Microbial response to freeze-thaw cycles in tundra and taiga soils
journal, August 1996

Drying and rewetting of a loamy sand soil did not increase the turnover of native organic matter, but retarded the decomposition of added 14C-labelled plant material
journal, April 1999

The whole-soil carbon flux in response to warming
journal, March 2017

Can no-tillage stimulate carbon sequestration in agricultural soils? A meta-analysis of paired experiments
journal, October 2010

Interactive effects of climate change and fungal communities on wood-derived carbon in forest soils
journal, December 2017

Water balance creates a threshold in soil pH at the global scale
journal, November 2016

Spatial distribution and chemical composition of soil organic matter fractions in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil under European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)
journal, February 2016

Alternative explanations for rising dissolved organic carbon export from organic soils
journal, November 2006

Precipitation pulses enhance respiration of Mediterranean ecosystems: the balance between organic and inorganic components of increased soil CO ₂ efflux
journal, May 2009

Environmental and stoichiometric controls on microbial carbon-use efficiency in soils: Research review
journal, July 2012

Aggregate-associated soil organic matter as an ecosystem property and a measurement tool
journal, January 2014

Dissimilatory microbial iron reduction release DOC (dissolved organic carbon) from carbon-ferrihydrite association
journal, December 2016

High carbon use efficiency and low priming effect promote soil C stabilization under reduced tillage
journal, August 2018

Aggregation and Soil Organic Matter Accumulation in Cultivated and Native Grassland Soils
journal, January 1998

Evaluation of soil aggregate microstructure and stability under wetting and drying cycles in two Ultisols using synchrotron-based X-ray micro-computed tomography
journal, June 2015

Rainfall-induced carbon dioxide pulses result from sequential resuscitation of phylogenetically clustered microbial groups
journal, June 2012

Speciation and Long- and Short-term Molecular-level Dynamics of Soil Organic Sulfur Studied by X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure Spectroscopy
journal, January 2011

Quantifying global soil carbon losses in response to warming
journal, November 2016

Soil carbon losses due to higher pH offset vegetation gains due to calcium enrichment in an acid mitigation experiment
journal, August 2018

Does declining carbon-use efficiency explain thermal acclimation of soil respiration with warming?
journal, October 2012

Review of mechanisms and quantification of priming effects
journal, October 2000

Tillage and soil carbon sequestration—What do we really know?
journal, January 2007

Sorptive stabilization of organic matter in soils by hydrous iron oxides
journal, January 2007

Mechanisms controlling soil carbon turnover and their potential application for enhancing carbon sequestration
journal, December 2006

Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Aggregate Stability and Hydraulic Conductivity of Three Soil Aggregate Sizes1
journal, January 1973

Redox control of phosphorus pools in Hawaiian montane forest soils
journal, August 2001

Minerals in the rhizosphere: overlooked mediators of soil nitrogen availability to plants and microbes
journal, June 2018

Effects of altered dry season length and plant inputs on soluble soil carbon
journal, August 2018

Controls on the Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Matter in Soils: a Review
journal, January 2000

Role of proteins in soil carbon and nitrogen storage: controls on persistence
journal, March 2007

Priming of soil organic carbon by malic acid addition is differentially affected by nutrient availability
journal, October 2014

Repeated wet-dry cycles do not accelerate the mineralization of organic C involved in the macro-aggregation of a sandy loam soil
journal, August 1995

Shifts in pore connectivity from precipitation versus groundwater rewetting increases soil carbon loss after drought
journal, November 2017

Is priming effect a significant process for long-term SOC dynamics? Analysis of a 52-years old experiment
journal, January 2015

Long-term increases in surface water dissolved organic carbon: Observations, possible causes and environmental impacts
journal, September 2005

Prolonged drought changes the bacterial growth response to rewetting
journal, September 2015

Soil Aggregation and Soil Organic Carbon Stabilization: Effects of Management in Semiarid Mediterranean Agroecosystems
journal, January 2009

Land use change and soil organic carbon dynamics
journal, October 2007

Linking pulses of atmospheric deposition to DOC release in an upland peat-covered catchment: ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION AND DOC RELEASE?
journal, December 2008

Carbon Sequestration in Microaggregates of No-Tillage Soils with Different Clay Mineralogy
journal, January 2004

Impacts of Wet–Dry Cycles and a Range of Constant Water Contents on Carbon Mineralization in Soils under Three Cropping Treatments
journal, January 2012

Carbon cycling in eroding landscapes: geomorphic controls on soil organic C pool composition and C stabilization
journal, April 2012

Synergistic effects of diffusion and microbial physiology reproduce the Birch effect in a micro-scale model
journal, February 2016

Land-Use Intensity Effects on Soil Organic Carbon Accumulation Rates and Mechanisms
journal, April 2007

Beyond clay: towards an improved set of variables for predicting soil organic matter content
journal, February 2018

The influence of freeze–thaw cycles and soil moisture on aggregate stability of three soils in Norway
journal, November 2006

Soil microbial biomass carbon and phosphorus as affected by frequent drying–rewetting
journal, January 2016

Mineral control of soil organic carbon storage and turnover
journal, September 1997

Climate-driven thresholds in reactive mineral retention of soil carbon at the global scale
journal, November 2018

More replenishment than priming loss of soil organic carbon with additional carbon input
journal, August 2018

The priming effect generated by stoichiometric decomposition and nutrient mining in cultivated tropical soils: Actors and drivers
journal, May 2018

The Millennial model: in search of measurable pools and transformations for modeling soil carbon in the new century
journal, December 2017

Increasing pH drives organic matter solubilization from wetland soils under reducing conditions
journal, December 2009

The severity of sediment desiccation affects the adsorption characteristics and speciation of phosphorus
journal, January 2016

Negative priming effect on mineralization in a soil free of vegetation for 80 years
journal, April 2010

Physical fractionation of soil organic matter: Destabilization of deep soil carbon following harvesting of a temperate coniferous forest
journal, January 2009

Freeze–thaw regime effects on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in sub-arctic heath tundra mesocosms
journal, April 2004

Hydrology and microtopography control carbon dynamics in wetlands: Implications in partitioning ecosystem respiration in a coastal plain forested wetland
journal, December 2017

Why is the influence of soil macrofauna on soil structure only considered by soil ecologists?
journal, March 2015

Increased belowground carbon inputs and warming promote loss of soil organic carbon through complementary microbial responses
journal, September 2014

Contribution of aboveground litter, belowground litter, and rhizosphere respiration to total soil CO2 efflux in an old growth coniferous forest
journal, March 2005

Total and Extreme Precipitation Changes over the Northeastern United States
journal, June 2017

Conservation agriculture and ecosystem services: An overview
journal, April 2014

Mycorrhizal Hyphal Turnover as a Dominant Process for Carbon Input into Soil Organic Matter
journal, March 2006

On the origin of carbon dioxide released from rewetted soils
journal, October 2016

Soil respiration and microbial biomass in multiple drying and rewetting cycles – Effect of glucose addition
journal, November 2017

Old and stable soil organic matter is not necessarily chemically recalcitrant: implications for modeling concepts and temperature sensitivity: SLOW TURNOVER OF LABILE SOIL ORGANIC MATTER
journal, January 2011

Root penetration in deep soil layers stimulates mineralization of millennia-old organic carbon
journal, September 2018

Influence of Earthworm Invasion on Redistribution and Retention of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Northern Temperate Forests
journal, February 2004

Micro- and nano-environments of carbon sequestration: Multi-element STXM–NEXAFS spectromicroscopy assessment of microbial carbon and mineral associations
journal, November 2012

Mycorrhiza-mediated competition between plants and decomposers drives soil carbon storage
journal, January 2014

Stabilization and destabilization of soil organic matter: mechanisms and controls
journal, November 1996

The effect of soil drying on humus decomposition and nitrogen availability
journal, September 1958

Temperature response of soil respiration largely unaltered with experimental warming
journal, November 2016

Water-Soluble Carbon and the Carbon Dioxide Pulse are Regulated by the Extent of Soil Drying and Rewetting
journal, January 2014

Priming effect increases with depth in a boreal forest soil
journal, August 2016

Freeze-Thaw Cycles Increase Near-Surface Aggregate Stability
journal, January 1998