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Title: 4-Coumarate 3-hydroxylase in the lignin biosynthesis pathway is a cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase

Abstract

Lignin biosynthesis is evolutionarily conserved among higher plants and features a critical 3-hydroxylation reaction involving phenolic esters. Yet, increasing evidence questions the involvement of a single pathway to lignin formation in vascular plants. In this work we describe an enzyme catalyzing the direct 3-hydroxylation of 4-coumarate to caffeate in lignin biosynthesis as a bifunctional peroxidase that oxidizes both ascorbate and 4-coumarate at comparable rates. A combination of biochemical and genetic evidence in the model plants Brachypodium distachyon and Arabidopsis thaliana supports a role for this coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) in the early steps of lignin biosynthesis. The subsequent efficient O-methylation of caffeate to ferulate in grasses is substantiated by in vivo biochemical assays. Our results identify C3H as the only non-membrane bound hydroxylase in the lignin pathway and revise the currently accepted models of lignin biosynthesis, suggesting new gene targets to improve forage and bioenergy crops.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [2];  [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Univ. of North Texas, Denton, TX (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  2. Univ. of North Texas, Denton, TX (United States)
  3. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
OSTI Identifier:
1545188
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nature Communications
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 10; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Citation Formats

Barros, Jaime, Escamilla-Trevino, Luis, Song, Luhua, Rao, Xiaolan, Serrani-Yarce, Juan Carlos, Palacios, Maite Docampo, Engle, Nancy, Choudhury, Feroza K., Tschaplinski, Timothy J., Venables, Barney J., Mittler, Ron, and Dixon, Richard A. 4-Coumarate 3-hydroxylase in the lignin biosynthesis pathway is a cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10082-7.
Barros, Jaime, Escamilla-Trevino, Luis, Song, Luhua, Rao, Xiaolan, Serrani-Yarce, Juan Carlos, Palacios, Maite Docampo, Engle, Nancy, Choudhury, Feroza K., Tschaplinski, Timothy J., Venables, Barney J., Mittler, Ron, & Dixon, Richard A. 4-Coumarate 3-hydroxylase in the lignin biosynthesis pathway is a cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10082-7
Barros, Jaime, Escamilla-Trevino, Luis, Song, Luhua, Rao, Xiaolan, Serrani-Yarce, Juan Carlos, Palacios, Maite Docampo, Engle, Nancy, Choudhury, Feroza K., Tschaplinski, Timothy J., Venables, Barney J., Mittler, Ron, and Dixon, Richard A. Tue . "4-Coumarate 3-hydroxylase in the lignin biosynthesis pathway is a cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10082-7. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1545188.
@article{osti_1545188,
title = {4-Coumarate 3-hydroxylase in the lignin biosynthesis pathway is a cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase},
author = {Barros, Jaime and Escamilla-Trevino, Luis and Song, Luhua and Rao, Xiaolan and Serrani-Yarce, Juan Carlos and Palacios, Maite Docampo and Engle, Nancy and Choudhury, Feroza K. and Tschaplinski, Timothy J. and Venables, Barney J. and Mittler, Ron and Dixon, Richard A.},
abstractNote = {Lignin biosynthesis is evolutionarily conserved among higher plants and features a critical 3-hydroxylation reaction involving phenolic esters. Yet, increasing evidence questions the involvement of a single pathway to lignin formation in vascular plants. In this work we describe an enzyme catalyzing the direct 3-hydroxylation of 4-coumarate to caffeate in lignin biosynthesis as a bifunctional peroxidase that oxidizes both ascorbate and 4-coumarate at comparable rates. A combination of biochemical and genetic evidence in the model plants Brachypodium distachyon and Arabidopsis thaliana supports a role for this coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) in the early steps of lignin biosynthesis. The subsequent efficient O-methylation of caffeate to ferulate in grasses is substantiated by in vivo biochemical assays. Our results identify C3H as the only non-membrane bound hydroxylase in the lignin pathway and revise the currently accepted models of lignin biosynthesis, suggesting new gene targets to improve forage and bioenergy crops.},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-10082-7},
journal = {Nature Communications},
number = 1,
volume = 10,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Apr 30 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Tue Apr 30 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}

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Works referenced in this record:

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Heterologous Expression and Characterization of Soybean Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase
journal, April 1996

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  • Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Vol. 328, Issue 1
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Cytosolic APx knockdown indicates an ambiguous redox responses in rice
journal, April 2010


Low frequency of T-DNA based activation tagging in Arabidopsis is correlated with methylation of CaMV 35S enhancer sequences
journal, November 2003


Substrate Binding and Catalytic Mechanism in Ascorbate Peroxidase:  Evidence for Two Ascorbate Binding Sites
journal, November 2002

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  • Biochemistry, Vol. 41, Issue 46
  • DOI: 10.1021/bi0261591

Identification of Two Electron-Transfer Sites in Ascorbate Peroxidase Using Chemical Modification, Enzyme Kinetics, and Crystallography
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Crystal structure of the ascorbate peroxidase–ascorbate complex
journal, March 2003

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  • DOI: 10.1038/nsb913

The scaffold proteins of lignin biosynthetic cytochrome P450 enzymes
journal, April 2018


Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, a key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis, is an effector of small GTPase Rac in defense signaling in rice
journal, December 2005

  • Kawasaki, T.; Koita, H.; Nakatsubo, T.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 103, Issue 1, p. 230-235
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0509875103

Arabidopsis GRI is involved in the regulation of cell death induced by extracellular ROS
journal, March 2009

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  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 106, Issue 13
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0808980106

Membrane protein complexes catalyze both 4- and 3-hydroxylation of cinnamic acid derivatives in monolignol biosynthesis
journal, December 2011

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  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, Issue 52
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1116416109

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journal, October 2000

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  • Synthetic Communications, Vol. 30, Issue 20
  • DOI: 10.1080/00397910008087005

Rapid Accumulation of Glutathione During Light Stress in Arabidopsis
journal, May 2018

  • Choudhury, Feroza K.; Devireddy, Amith R.; Azad, Rajeev K.
  • Plant and Cell Physiology, Vol. 59, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy101

Purification and Characterization of Pea Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase
journal, November 1991

  • Mittler, Ron; Zilinskas, Barbara A.
  • Plant Physiology, Vol. 97, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1104/pp.97.3.962

Stress-Induced Phenylpropanoid Metabolism.
journal, July 1995


The origin and evolution of lignin biosynthesis: Tansley review
journal, June 2010


Expression atlas and comparative coexpression network analyses reveal important genes involved in the formation of lignified cell wall in Brachypodium distachyon
journal, June 2017

  • Sibout, Richard; Proost, Sebastian; Hansen, Bjoern Oest
  • New Phytologist, Vol. 215, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1111/nph.14635

Downregulation of p‐ COUMAROYL ESTER 3‐ HYDROXYLASE in rice leads to altered cell wall structures and improves biomass saccharification
journal, July 2018

  • Takeda, Yuri; Tobimatsu, Yuki; Karlen, Steven D.
  • The Plant Journal, Vol. 95, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13988

Caffeoyl Shikimate Esterase (CSE) Is an Enzyme in the Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway in Arabidopsis
journal, August 2013


Lignin Valorization: Improving Lignin Processing in the Biorefinery
journal, May 2014

  • Ragauskas, A. J.; Beckham, G. T.; Biddy, M. J.
  • Science, Vol. 344, Issue 6185, p. 1246843-1246843
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.1246843

Down-regulation of the caffeic acid O-methyltransferase gene in switchgrass reveals a novel monolignol analog
journal, January 2012

  • Tschaplinski, Timothy J.; Standaert, Robert F.; Engle, Nancy L.
  • Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 5, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-5-71

A 13C isotope labeling method for the measurement of lignin metabolic flux in Arabidopsis stems
journal, June 2018


Dynamic changes in transcriptome and cell wall composition underlying brassinosteroid-mediated lignification of switchgrass suspension cells
journal, November 2017


Generation and Characterization of the Western Regional Research Center Brachypodium T-DNA Insertional Mutant Collection
journal, September 2012


Works referencing / citing this record:

The lignin toolbox of the model grass Setaria viridis
journal, June 2019

  • Ferreira, Sávio Siqueira; Simões, Marcella Siqueira; Carvalho, Gabriel Garon
  • Plant Molecular Biology, Vol. 101, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00897-9

Lignin biosynthesis: old roads revisited and new roads explored
journal, December 2019


PdWND3A, a wood-associated NAC domain-containing protein, affects lignin biosynthesis and composition in Populus
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Biotechnological Potential of LSD1, EDS1, and PAD4 in the Improvement of Crops and Industrial Plants
journal, August 2019

  • Bernacki, Maciej Jerzy; Czarnocka, Weronika; Szechyńska-Hebda, Magdalena
  • Plants, Vol. 8, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.3390/plants8080290

Compensatory Guaiacyl Lignin Biosynthesis at the Expense of Syringyl Lignin in 4CL1 -Knockout Poplar
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Genomic resources for energy cane breeding in the post genomics era
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Lignin biosynthesis: old roads revisited and new roads explored
journal, December 2019


Biotechnological Potential of LSD1, EDS1, and PAD4 in the Improvement of Crops and Industrial Plants
journal, August 2019

  • Bernacki, Maciej Jerzy; Czarnocka, Weronika; Szechyńska-Hebda, Magdalena
  • Plants, Vol. 8, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.3390/plants8080290