Direct Randomized Benchmarking for Multiqubit Devices
Abstract
Benchmarking methods that can be adapted to multiqubit systems are essential for assessing the overall or “holistic” performance of nascent quantum processors. The current industry standard is Clifford randomized benchmarking (RB), which measures a single error rate that quantifies overall performance. But, scaling Clifford RB to many qubits is surprisingly hard. It has only been performed on one, two, and three qubits as of this writing. This reflects a fundamental inefficiency in Clifford RB: the n-qubit Clifford gates at its core have to be compiled into large circuits over the one- and two-qubit gates native to a device. As n grows, the quality of these Clifford gates quickly degrades, making Clifford RB impractical at relatively low n. In this Letter, we propose a direct RB protocol that mostly avoids compiling. Instead, it uses random circuits over the native gates in a device, which are seeded by an initial layer of Clifford-like randomization. We demonstrate this protocol experimentally on two to five qubits using the publicly available ibmqx5. We believe this to be the greatest number of qubits holistically benchmarked, and this was achieved on a freely available device without any special tuning up. Our protocol retains the simplicity and convenientmore »
- Authors:
-
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON (Canada)
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- IARPA; USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1544805
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1543176
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-2019-7860J
Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007; PRLTAO; 677251
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC04-94AL85000; NA0003525
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review Letters
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 123; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; 97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING
Citation Formats
Proctor, Timothy J., Carignan-Dugas, Arnaud, Rudinger, Kenneth, Nielsen, Erik, Blume-Kohout, Robin, and Young, Kevin. Direct Randomized Benchmarking for Multiqubit Devices. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.030503.
Proctor, Timothy J., Carignan-Dugas, Arnaud, Rudinger, Kenneth, Nielsen, Erik, Blume-Kohout, Robin, & Young, Kevin. Direct Randomized Benchmarking for Multiqubit Devices. United States. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.030503.
Proctor, Timothy J., Carignan-Dugas, Arnaud, Rudinger, Kenneth, Nielsen, Erik, Blume-Kohout, Robin, and Young, Kevin. Fri .
"Direct Randomized Benchmarking for Multiqubit Devices". United States. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.030503. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1544805.
@article{osti_1544805,
title = {Direct Randomized Benchmarking for Multiqubit Devices},
author = {Proctor, Timothy J. and Carignan-Dugas, Arnaud and Rudinger, Kenneth and Nielsen, Erik and Blume-Kohout, Robin and Young, Kevin},
abstractNote = {Benchmarking methods that can be adapted to multiqubit systems are essential for assessing the overall or “holistic” performance of nascent quantum processors. The current industry standard is Clifford randomized benchmarking (RB), which measures a single error rate that quantifies overall performance. But, scaling Clifford RB to many qubits is surprisingly hard. It has only been performed on one, two, and three qubits as of this writing. This reflects a fundamental inefficiency in Clifford RB: the n-qubit Clifford gates at its core have to be compiled into large circuits over the one- and two-qubit gates native to a device. As n grows, the quality of these Clifford gates quickly degrades, making Clifford RB impractical at relatively low n. In this Letter, we propose a direct RB protocol that mostly avoids compiling. Instead, it uses random circuits over the native gates in a device, which are seeded by an initial layer of Clifford-like randomization. We demonstrate this protocol experimentally on two to five qubits using the publicly available ibmqx5. We believe this to be the greatest number of qubits holistically benchmarked, and this was achieved on a freely available device without any special tuning up. Our protocol retains the simplicity and convenient properties of Clifford RB: it estimates an error rate from an exponential decay. But, it can be extended to processors with more qubits—we present simulations on 10+ qubits—and it reports a more directly informative and flexible error rate than the one reported by Clifford RB. Here, we show how to use this flexibility to measure separate error rates for distinct sets of gates, and we use this method to estimate the average error rate of a set of cnot gates.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.030503},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = 3,
volume = 123,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {7}
}
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