Progress of indirect drive inertial confinement fusion in the United States
Abstract
Abstract Indirect drive converts high power laser light into x-rays using small high- Z cavities called hohlraums. X-rays generated at the hohlraum walls drive a capsule filled with deuterium–tritium (DT) fuel to fusion conditions. Recent experiments have produced fusion yields exceeding 50 kJ where alpha heating provides ~3× increase in yield over PdV work. Closing the gaps toward ignition is challenging, requiring optimization of the target/implosions and the laser to extract maximum energy. The US program has a three-pronged approach to maximize target performance, each closing some portion of the gap. The first item is optimizing the hohlraum to couple more energy to the capsule while maintaining symmetry control. Novel hohlraum designs are being pursued that enable a larger capsule to be driven symmetrically to both reduce 3D effects and increase energy coupled to the capsule. The second issue being addressed is capsule stability. Seeding of instabilities by the hardware used to mount the capsule and fill it with DT fuel remains a concern. Work reducing the impact of the DT fill tubes and novel capsule mounts is being pursed to reduce the effect of mix on the capsule implosions. There is also growing evidence native capsule seeds such as amore »
- Authors:
- more »
- Publication Date:
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Programs (DP)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1544586
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Nuclear Fusion
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Nuclear Fusion Journal Volume: 59 Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 0029-5515
- Publisher:
- IOP Publishing
- Country of Publication:
- IAEA
- Language:
- English
Citation Formats
Kline, J. L., Batha, S. H., Benedetti, L. R., Bennett, D., Bhandarkar, S., Hopkins, L. F. Berzak, Biener, J., Biener, M. M., Bionta, R., Bond, E., Bradley, D., Braun, T., Callahan, D. A., Caggiano, J., Cerjan, C., Cagadas, B., Clark, D., Castro, C., Dewald, E. L., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Dylla-Spears, R., Eckart, M., Edgell, D., Farrell, M., Field, J., Fittinghoff, D. N., Gatu Johnson, M., Grim, G., Haan, S., Haines, B. M., Hamza, A. V., Hartouni, EP., Hatarik, R., Henderson, K., Herrmann, H. W., Hinkel, D., Ho, D., Hohenberger, M., Hoover, D., Huang, H., Hoppe, M. L., Hurricane, O. A., Izumi, N., Johnson, S., Jones, O. S., Khan, S., Kozioziemski, B. J., Kong, C., Kroll, J., Kyrala, G. A., LePape, S., Ma, T., Mackinnon, A. J., MacPhee, A. G., MacLaren, S., Masse, L., McNaney, J., Meezan, N. B., Merrill, J. F., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J., Nikroo, A., Pak, A., Patel, P., Peterson, L., Piceno, E., Pickworth, L., Ralph, J. E., Rice, N., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Rygg, J. R., Sacks, M. R., Salmonson, J., Sayre, D., Sater, J. D., Schneider, M., Schoff, M., Sepke, S., Seugling, R., Smalyuk, V., Spears, B., Stadermann, M., Stoeffl, W., Strozzi, D. J., Tipton, R., Thomas, C., Volegov, P. L., Walters, C., Wang, M., Wilde, C., Woerner, E., Yeamans, C., Yi, S. A., Yoxall, B., Zylstra, A. B., Kilkenny, J., Landen, O. L., Hsing, W., and Edwards, M. J. Progress of indirect drive inertial confinement fusion in the United States. IAEA: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ab1ecf.
Kline, J. L., Batha, S. H., Benedetti, L. R., Bennett, D., Bhandarkar, S., Hopkins, L. F. Berzak, Biener, J., Biener, M. M., Bionta, R., Bond, E., Bradley, D., Braun, T., Callahan, D. A., Caggiano, J., Cerjan, C., Cagadas, B., Clark, D., Castro, C., Dewald, E. L., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Dylla-Spears, R., Eckart, M., Edgell, D., Farrell, M., Field, J., Fittinghoff, D. N., Gatu Johnson, M., Grim, G., Haan, S., Haines, B. M., Hamza, A. V., Hartouni, EP., Hatarik, R., Henderson, K., Herrmann, H. W., Hinkel, D., Ho, D., Hohenberger, M., Hoover, D., Huang, H., Hoppe, M. L., Hurricane, O. A., Izumi, N., Johnson, S., Jones, O. S., Khan, S., Kozioziemski, B. J., Kong, C., Kroll, J., Kyrala, G. A., LePape, S., Ma, T., Mackinnon, A. J., MacPhee, A. G., MacLaren, S., Masse, L., McNaney, J., Meezan, N. B., Merrill, J. F., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J., Nikroo, A., Pak, A., Patel, P., Peterson, L., Piceno, E., Pickworth, L., Ralph, J. E., Rice, N., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Rygg, J. R., Sacks, M. R., Salmonson, J., Sayre, D., Sater, J. D., Schneider, M., Schoff, M., Sepke, S., Seugling, R., Smalyuk, V., Spears, B., Stadermann, M., Stoeffl, W., Strozzi, D. J., Tipton, R., Thomas, C., Volegov, P. L., Walters, C., Wang, M., Wilde, C., Woerner, E., Yeamans, C., Yi, S. A., Yoxall, B., Zylstra, A. B., Kilkenny, J., Landen, O. L., Hsing, W., & Edwards, M. J. Progress of indirect drive inertial confinement fusion in the United States. IAEA. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab1ecf
Kline, J. L., Batha, S. H., Benedetti, L. R., Bennett, D., Bhandarkar, S., Hopkins, L. F. Berzak, Biener, J., Biener, M. M., Bionta, R., Bond, E., Bradley, D., Braun, T., Callahan, D. A., Caggiano, J., Cerjan, C., Cagadas, B., Clark, D., Castro, C., Dewald, E. L., Döppner, T., Divol, L., Dylla-Spears, R., Eckart, M., Edgell, D., Farrell, M., Field, J., Fittinghoff, D. N., Gatu Johnson, M., Grim, G., Haan, S., Haines, B. M., Hamza, A. V., Hartouni, EP., Hatarik, R., Henderson, K., Herrmann, H. W., Hinkel, D., Ho, D., Hohenberger, M., Hoover, D., Huang, H., Hoppe, M. L., Hurricane, O. A., Izumi, N., Johnson, S., Jones, O. S., Khan, S., Kozioziemski, B. J., Kong, C., Kroll, J., Kyrala, G. A., LePape, S., Ma, T., Mackinnon, A. J., MacPhee, A. G., MacLaren, S., Masse, L., McNaney, J., Meezan, N. B., Merrill, J. F., Milovich, J. L., Moody, J., Nikroo, A., Pak, A., Patel, P., Peterson, L., Piceno, E., Pickworth, L., Ralph, J. E., Rice, N., Robey, H. F., Ross, J. S., Rygg, J. R., Sacks, M. R., Salmonson, J., Sayre, D., Sater, J. D., Schneider, M., Schoff, M., Sepke, S., Seugling, R., Smalyuk, V., Spears, B., Stadermann, M., Stoeffl, W., Strozzi, D. J., Tipton, R., Thomas, C., Volegov, P. L., Walters, C., Wang, M., Wilde, C., Woerner, E., Yeamans, C., Yi, S. A., Yoxall, B., Zylstra, A. B., Kilkenny, J., Landen, O. L., Hsing, W., and Edwards, M. J. Wed .
"Progress of indirect drive inertial confinement fusion in the United States". IAEA. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab1ecf.
@article{osti_1544586,
title = {Progress of indirect drive inertial confinement fusion in the United States},
author = {Kline, J. L. and Batha, S. H. and Benedetti, L. R. and Bennett, D. and Bhandarkar, S. and Hopkins, L. F. Berzak and Biener, J. and Biener, M. M. and Bionta, R. and Bond, E. and Bradley, D. and Braun, T. and Callahan, D. A. and Caggiano, J. and Cerjan, C. and Cagadas, B. and Clark, D. and Castro, C. and Dewald, E. L. and Döppner, T. and Divol, L. and Dylla-Spears, R. and Eckart, M. and Edgell, D. and Farrell, M. and Field, J. and Fittinghoff, D. N. and Gatu Johnson, M. and Grim, G. and Haan, S. and Haines, B. M. and Hamza, A. V. and Hartouni, EP. and Hatarik, R. and Henderson, K. and Herrmann, H. W. and Hinkel, D. and Ho, D. and Hohenberger, M. and Hoover, D. and Huang, H. and Hoppe, M. L. and Hurricane, O. A. and Izumi, N. and Johnson, S. and Jones, O. S. and Khan, S. and Kozioziemski, B. J. and Kong, C. and Kroll, J. and Kyrala, G. A. and LePape, S. and Ma, T. and Mackinnon, A. J. and MacPhee, A. G. and MacLaren, S. and Masse, L. and McNaney, J. and Meezan, N. B. and Merrill, J. F. and Milovich, J. L. and Moody, J. and Nikroo, A. and Pak, A. and Patel, P. and Peterson, L. and Piceno, E. and Pickworth, L. and Ralph, J. E. and Rice, N. and Robey, H. F. and Ross, J. S. and Rygg, J. R. and Sacks, M. R. and Salmonson, J. and Sayre, D. and Sater, J. D. and Schneider, M. and Schoff, M. and Sepke, S. and Seugling, R. and Smalyuk, V. and Spears, B. and Stadermann, M. and Stoeffl, W. and Strozzi, D. J. and Tipton, R. and Thomas, C. and Volegov, P. L. and Walters, C. and Wang, M. and Wilde, C. and Woerner, E. and Yeamans, C. and Yi, S. A. and Yoxall, B. and Zylstra, A. B. and Kilkenny, J. and Landen, O. L. and Hsing, W. and Edwards, M. J.},
abstractNote = {Abstract Indirect drive converts high power laser light into x-rays using small high- Z cavities called hohlraums. X-rays generated at the hohlraum walls drive a capsule filled with deuterium–tritium (DT) fuel to fusion conditions. Recent experiments have produced fusion yields exceeding 50 kJ where alpha heating provides ~3× increase in yield over PdV work. Closing the gaps toward ignition is challenging, requiring optimization of the target/implosions and the laser to extract maximum energy. The US program has a three-pronged approach to maximize target performance, each closing some portion of the gap. The first item is optimizing the hohlraum to couple more energy to the capsule while maintaining symmetry control. Novel hohlraum designs are being pursued that enable a larger capsule to be driven symmetrically to both reduce 3D effects and increase energy coupled to the capsule. The second issue being addressed is capsule stability. Seeding of instabilities by the hardware used to mount the capsule and fill it with DT fuel remains a concern. Work reducing the impact of the DT fill tubes and novel capsule mounts is being pursed to reduce the effect of mix on the capsule implosions. There is also growing evidence native capsule seeds such as a micro-structure may be playing a role on limiting capsule performance and dedicated experiments are being developed to better understand the phenomenon. The last area of emphasis is the laser. As technology progresses and understanding of laser damage/mitigation advances, increasing the laser energy seems possible. This would increase the amount of energy available to couple to the capsule, and allow larger capsules, potentially increasing the hot spot pressure and confinement time. The combination of each of these focus areas has the potential to produce conditions to initiate thermo-nuclear ignition.},
doi = {10.1088/1741-4326/ab1ecf},
journal = {Nuclear Fusion},
number = 11,
volume = 59,
place = {IAEA},
year = {2019},
month = {7}
}
https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab1ecf
Web of Science
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- Bremer, Peer-Timo; Maljovec, Dan; Saha, Avishek
- Computing and Visualization in Science, Vol. 17, Issue 1
Cryogenic thermonuclear fuel implosions on the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 2012
- Glenzer, S. H.; Callahan, D. A.; MacKinnon, A. J.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 5
Ensemble simulations of inertial confinement fusion implosions
journal, May 2017
- Nora, Ryan; Peterson, Jayson Luc; Spears, Brian Keith
- Statistical Analysis and Data Mining: The ASA Data Science Journal, Vol. 10, Issue 4
Characterization Specifications for Baseline Indirect Drive NIF Targets
journal, May 2002
- Stephens, R. B.; Haan, S. W.; Wilson, D. C.
- Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 41, Issue 3P1
Simultaneous visualization of wall motion, beam propagation, and implosion symmetry on the National Ignition Facility (invited)
journal, October 2018
- Izumi, N.; Meezan, N. B.; Johnson, S.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 89, Issue 10
A measurable Lawson criterion and hydro-equivalent curves for inertial confinement fusion
journal, October 2008
- Zhou, C. D.; Betti, R.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 15, Issue 10
Diamond spheres for inertial confinement fusion
journal, September 2009
- Biener, J.; Ho, D. D.; Wild, C.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 11
Measurement of inflight shell areal density near peak velocity using a self backlighting technique
journal, May 2016
- Pickworth, L. A.; Hammel, B. A.; Smalyuk, V. A.
- Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 717
Implosion performance of subscale beryllium capsules on the NIF
journal, May 2019
- Zylstra, A. B.; MacLaren, S.; Yi, S. A.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 5
Symmetry control in subscale near-vacuum hohlraums
journal, May 2016
- Turnbull, D.; Berzak Hopkins, L. F.; Le Pape, S.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 5
Energy transfer between crossing laser beams
journal, January 1996
- Kruer, William L.; Wilks, Scott C.; Afeyan, Bedros B.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Development of the indirect‐drive approach to inertial confinement fusion and the target physics basis for ignition and gain
journal, November 1995
- Lindl, John
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 2, Issue 11
Hydrodynamic instabilities seeded by the X-ray shadow of ICF capsule fill-tubes
journal, August 2018
- MacPhee, A. G.; Smalyuk, V. A.; Landen, O. L.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 8
Damage Mechanisms Avoided or Managed for NIF Large Optics
journal, February 2016
- Manes, K. R.; Spaeth, M. L.; Adams, J. J.
- Fusion Science and Technology, Vol. 69, Issue 1
A “polar contact” tent for reduced perturbation and improved performance of NIF ignition capsules
journal, August 2018
- Hammel, B. A.; Weber, C. R.; Stadermann, M.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 8
Theory of hydro-equivalent ignition for inertial fusion and its applications to OMEGA and the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 2014
- Nora, R.; Betti, R.; Anderson, K. S.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 5
Increasing stagnation pressure and thermonuclear performance of inertial confinement fusion capsules by the introduction of a high-Z dopant
journal, August 2018
- Berzak Hopkins, L.; Divol, L.; Weber, C.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 8
The development and advantages of beryllium capsules for the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 1998
- Wilson, Douglas C.; Bradley, Paul A.; Hoffman, Nelson M.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 5, Issue 5
Rugby-like hohlraum experimental designs for demonstrating x-ray drive enhancement
journal, January 2008
- Amendt, Peter; Cerjan, C.; Hinkel, D. E.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 15, Issue 1
Indirect drive ignition at the National Ignition Facility
journal, October 2016
- Meezan, N. B.; Edwards, M. J.; Hurricane, O. A.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 1
Design and simulations of indirect drive ignition targets for NIF
journal, November 2004
- Haan, S. W.; Amendt, P. A.; Dittrich, T. R.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 44, Issue 12