Title: Violation of Field Line Conservation and Associated Spatial Scales in Particle-in-Cell Simulations and MMS Data

Abstract

For the first time, space flight technology exists to detect, in situ, violation of magnetic field line conservation. The violation of magnetic line conservation on scales smaller than the system size is a necessary and sufficient condition for finite magnetic field reconnection. We demonstrate that violation of line conservation produces a detectable, structured signature both in particle-in-cell simulations of reconnection and in data from the Magnetospheric Multi-Scale mission. In particle-in-cell simulations of asymmetric reconnection, the quantity—which we call M—that identifies this violation achieves significant values in electron skin depth-scale layers that extend away from the separator, with higher values emerging on the low-density, high-magnetic-field side of the current sheet. At the separator, M owes largely to perpendicular gradients in the parallel electric field, while it attains its highest values away from the separator in dispersed, layered structures associated with gradients in the perpendicular nonideal electric field and electron transport. Sub-ion scale bipolar forms of the quantity also appear further from the separator. In two MMS burst data intervals detecting the electron diffusion region, we find that M exceeds measurement uncertainties both at the separator and near the separatrices. One interval has highly sheared reconnecting fields and the other a strongermore » guide field. For one event, we determine the location and scale of M and the inner electron diffusion region relative to electron outflows and the magnetic separatrices. The measure can therefore serve as a potent diagnostic for magnetic reconnection in space measurements.« less

Authors:

Wendel, Deirdre E.  ^[1];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Wendel, Deirdre E."
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0002-1925-9413"

Liu, Yi-Hsin  ^[2];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Liu, Yi-Hsin"
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0001-5880-2645"

Giles, Barbara L.  ^[1];

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Giles, Barbara L."
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0001-8054-825X"

Torbert, Roy B.  ^[3]

• Search DOE PAGES for author "Torbert, Roy B."
• Search DOE PAGES for ORCID "0000-0001-7188-8690"

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+ Show Author Affiliations

1. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
2. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (United States)
3. Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States)

Publication Date:

Tue Feb 20 00:00:00 EST 2018

Research Org.:

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE

OSTI Identifier:

1544323

Grant/Contract Number:  

NNG04EB99C; NNX16AG75G

Resource Type:

Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:

Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics

Additional Journal Information:

Journal Volume: 123; Journal Issue: 3

Publisher:

American Geophysical Union

Country of Publication:

United States

Language:

English

Subject:

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; magnetic reconnection; magnetopause; PIC simulations; Magnetospheric Multi‐Scale; violation of field line conservation