The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Gondola, Attitude Control, and Control Software
Abstract
The E and B Experiment (EBEX) was a long-duration balloon-borne instrument created to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. EBEX was the first balloon-borne instrument to implement a kilopixel array of transition edge sensor (TES) bolometric detectors and the first CMB experiment to use the digital version of the frequency domain multiplexing system for readout of the TES array. The scan strategy relied on 40 s peak-to-peak constant-velocity azimuthal scans. We report on the unique demands on the design and operation of the payload that resulted from these new technologies and the scan strategy. We describe the solutions implemented, including the development of a power system designed to provide a total of at least 2.3 kW, a cooling system to dissipate 590 W consumed by the detectors' readout system, software to manage and handle the data of the kilopixel array, and specialized attitude reconstruction software. We demonstrate flight performance data reflecting faultless management of the TES array, adequate powering and cooling of the readout electronics, and constraint of attitude reconstruction errors such that the spurious B-modes they induced were less than 10% of the CMB B-mode power spectrum with r = 0.05.
- Authors:
-
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
more »
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF)
- Contributing Org.:
- The EBEX Collaboration
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1544088
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series (Online)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series (Online); Journal Volume: 239; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4365
- Publisher:
- American Astronomical Society/IOP
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; balloons; cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; instrumentation: polarimeters; polarization
Citation Formats
Aboobaker, Asad, Ade, Peter, Araujo, Derek, Aubin, François, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bao, Chaoyun, Chapman, Daniel, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Grainger, Will, Hanany, Shaul, Helson, Kyle, Hillbrand, Seth, Hubmayr, Johannes, Jaffe, Andrew, Johnson, Bradley, Jones, Terry, Klein, Jeff, Korotkov, Andrei, Lee, Adrian, Levinson, Lorne, Limon, Michele, MacDermid, Kevin, Miller, Amber D., Milligan, Michael, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Pascale, Enzo, Raach, Kate, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Britt, Sagiv, Ilan, Tucker, Carole, Tucker, Gregory S., Westbrook, Benjamin, Young, Karl, and Zilic, Kyle. The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Gondola, Attitude Control, and Control Software. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aae435.
Aboobaker, Asad, Ade, Peter, Araujo, Derek, Aubin, François, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bao, Chaoyun, Chapman, Daniel, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Grainger, Will, Hanany, Shaul, Helson, Kyle, Hillbrand, Seth, Hubmayr, Johannes, Jaffe, Andrew, Johnson, Bradley, Jones, Terry, Klein, Jeff, Korotkov, Andrei, Lee, Adrian, Levinson, Lorne, Limon, Michele, MacDermid, Kevin, Miller, Amber D., Milligan, Michael, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Pascale, Enzo, Raach, Kate, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Britt, Sagiv, Ilan, Tucker, Carole, Tucker, Gregory S., Westbrook, Benjamin, Young, Karl, & Zilic, Kyle. The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Gondola, Attitude Control, and Control Software. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aae435
Aboobaker, Asad, Ade, Peter, Araujo, Derek, Aubin, François, Baccigalupi, Carlo, Bao, Chaoyun, Chapman, Daniel, Didier, Joy, Dobbs, Matt, Grainger, Will, Hanany, Shaul, Helson, Kyle, Hillbrand, Seth, Hubmayr, Johannes, Jaffe, Andrew, Johnson, Bradley, Jones, Terry, Klein, Jeff, Korotkov, Andrei, Lee, Adrian, Levinson, Lorne, Limon, Michele, MacDermid, Kevin, Miller, Amber D., Milligan, Michael, Moncelsi, Lorenzo, Pascale, Enzo, Raach, Kate, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Britt, Sagiv, Ilan, Tucker, Carole, Tucker, Gregory S., Westbrook, Benjamin, Young, Karl, and Zilic, Kyle. Tue .
"The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Gondola, Attitude Control, and Control Software". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aae435. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1544088.
@article{osti_1544088,
title = {The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Gondola, Attitude Control, and Control Software},
author = {Aboobaker, Asad and Ade, Peter and Araujo, Derek and Aubin, François and Baccigalupi, Carlo and Bao, Chaoyun and Chapman, Daniel and Didier, Joy and Dobbs, Matt and Grainger, Will and Hanany, Shaul and Helson, Kyle and Hillbrand, Seth and Hubmayr, Johannes and Jaffe, Andrew and Johnson, Bradley and Jones, Terry and Klein, Jeff and Korotkov, Andrei and Lee, Adrian and Levinson, Lorne and Limon, Michele and MacDermid, Kevin and Miller, Amber D. and Milligan, Michael and Moncelsi, Lorenzo and Pascale, Enzo and Raach, Kate and Reichborn-Kjennerud, Britt and Sagiv, Ilan and Tucker, Carole and Tucker, Gregory S. and Westbrook, Benjamin and Young, Karl and Zilic, Kyle},
abstractNote = {The E and B Experiment (EBEX) was a long-duration balloon-borne instrument created to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. EBEX was the first balloon-borne instrument to implement a kilopixel array of transition edge sensor (TES) bolometric detectors and the first CMB experiment to use the digital version of the frequency domain multiplexing system for readout of the TES array. The scan strategy relied on 40 s peak-to-peak constant-velocity azimuthal scans. We report on the unique demands on the design and operation of the payload that resulted from these new technologies and the scan strategy. We describe the solutions implemented, including the development of a power system designed to provide a total of at least 2.3 kW, a cooling system to dissipate 590 W consumed by the detectors' readout system, software to manage and handle the data of the kilopixel array, and specialized attitude reconstruction software. We demonstrate flight performance data reflecting faultless management of the TES array, adequate powering and cooling of the readout electronics, and constraint of attitude reconstruction errors such that the spurious B-modes they induced were less than 10% of the CMB B-mode power spectrum with r = 0.05.},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4365/aae435},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series (Online)},
number = 1,
volume = 239,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {11}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 3 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
A MEASUREMENT OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND B -MODE POLARIZATION POWER SPECTRUM AT SUB-DEGREE SCALES WITH POLARBEAR
journal, October 2014
- P. A. R. Ade, The Polarbear Collaboration:; Akiba, Y.; Anthony, A. E.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 794, Issue 2
EBEX: the E and B Experiment
conference, August 2008
- Grainger, Will; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter
- SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings
Joint Analysis of BICEP2/ Keck Array and Planck Data
journal, March 2015
- Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Ahmed, Z.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 10
STARS: a software application for the EBEX autonomous daytime star cameras
conference, July 2014
- Chapman, Daniel; Didier, Joy; Hanany, Shaul
- SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings
The Balloon‐borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope: BLAST
journal, July 2008
- Pascale, E.; Ade, P. A. R.; Bock, J. J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 681, Issue 1
Design Evolution of the Spiderweb TES Bolometer for Cosmology Applications
journal, February 2012
- Westbrook, B.; Lee, A.; Meng, X.
- Journal of Low Temperature Physics, Vol. 167, Issue 5-6
Benchmark parameters for CMB polarization experiments
journal, February 2003
- Hu, Wayne; Hedman, Matthew M.; Zaldarriaga, Matias
- Physical Review D, Vol. 67, Issue 4
The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Optics, Receiver, and Polarimetry
journal, November 2018
- Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter; Araujo, Derek
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 239, Issue 1
Software systems for operation, control, and monitoring of the EBEX instrument
conference, July 2010
- Milligan, Michael; Ade, Peter; Aubin, François
- SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings
The EBEX experiment
conference, November 2004
- Oxley, Paul; Ade, Peter A.; Baccigalupi, C.
- Optical Science and Technology, the SPIE 49th Annual Meeting, SPIE Proceedings
The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Detectors and Readout
journal, November 2018
- Abitbol, Maximilian; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 239, Issue 1
First implementation of TES bolometer arrays with SQUID-based multiplexed readout on a balloon-borne platform
conference, July 2010
- Aubin, François; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter
- SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings
Detection of -Mode Polarization at Degree Angular Scales by BICEP2
journal, June 2014
- Ade, P. A. R.; Aikin, R. W.; Barkats, D.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 24
Readout of two-kilopixel transition-edge sensor arrays for Advanced ACTPol
conference, July 2016
- Henderson, Shawn W.; Stevens, Jason R.; Amiri, Mandana
- SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings
Frequency multiplexed superconducting quantum interference device readout of large bolometer arrays for cosmic microwave background measurements
journal, July 2012
- Dobbs, M. A.; Lueker, M.; Aird, K. A.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 7
Detection of -Mode Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background with Data from the South Pole Telescope
journal, September 2013
- Hanson, D.; Hoover, S.; Crites, A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 14
All-sky analysis of polarization in the microwave background
journal, February 1997
- Zaldarriaga, Matias; Seljak, Uroš
- Physical Review D, Vol. 55, Issue 4
MAXIMA: A balloon-borne cosmic microwave background anisotropy experiment
journal, July 2006
- Rabii, B.; Winant, C. D.; Collins, J. S.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 77, Issue 7
EBEX: a balloon-borne CMB polarization experiment
conference, July 2010
- Reichborn-Kjennerud, Britt; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter
- SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings
The performance of the bolometer array and readout system during the 2012/2013 flight of the E and B experiment (EBEX)
conference, July 2014
- MacDermid, Kevin; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter
- SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings
Tuning of Kilopixel Transition Edge Sensor Bolometer Arrays with a Digital Frequency Multiplexed Readout System
conference, January 2009
- MacDermid, Kevin; Hyland, Peter; Aubin, Francois
- THE THIRTEENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON LOW TEMPERATURE DETECTORS—LTD13, AIP Conference Proceedings
Thermal design and performance of the balloon-borne large aperture submillimeter telescope for polarimetry BLASTPol
conference, July 2014
- Soler, J. D.; Ade, P. A. R.; Angilè, F. E.
- SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings
Detection of polarization in the cosmic microwave background using DASI
journal, December 2002
- Kovac, J. M.; Leitch, E. M.; Pryke, C.
- Nature, Vol. 420, Issue 6917
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: CMB polarization at 200 < ℓ < 9000
journal, October 2014
- Naess, Sigurd; Hasselfield, Matthew; McMahon, Jeff
- Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2014, Issue 10
The ebex Cryostat and Supporting Electronics
conference, August 2012
- Sagiv, Ilan; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Bao, Chaoyun
- Proceedings of the MG12 Meeting on General Relativity, The Twelfth Marcel Grossmann Meeting
Works referencing / citing this record:
Balloon-borne Cosmic Microwave Background experiments
journal, January 2019
- Masi, Silvia; Coppolecchia, A.; Battistelli, E.
- EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol. 209
Intensity-coupled Polarization in Instruments with a Continuously Rotating Half-wave Plate
journal, May 2019
- Didier, Joy; Miller, Amber D.; Araujo, Derek
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 1
The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Optics, Receiver, and Polarimetry
journal, November 2018
- Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter; Araujo, Derek
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 239, Issue 1
The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment—Detectors and Readout
journal, November 2018
- Abitbol, Maximilian; Aboobaker, Asad M.; Ade, Peter
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 239, Issue 1