Lightweight TiC–(Fe–Al) ceramic–metal composites made in situ by pressureless melt infiltration

doi:10.1007/s10853-019-03792-2

This content will become publicly available on July 1, 2020

Title: Lightweight TiC–(Fe–Al) ceramic–metal composites made in situ by pressureless melt infiltration

Abstract

Lightweight ceramic–metal (cermet) composites combine stiffness and hardness with fracture toughness and ductility. TiC and Al are ideal pairs among lightweight cermet composites because of their relatively high strength-to-weight ratios, but these materials are difficult to process in solid state or with Al melt infiltration without making an aluminum carbide phase, which is detrimental to mechanical properties. Here, Fe is added to a TiC powder preform to reduce the activity of Al with TiC during Al melt infiltration and to aid in pressing TiC preforms, making a lightweight TiC–(Fe–Al) composite while avoiding other, unwanted phases. The composites are made by first pressing TiC powder mixed with Fe followed by Al melt infiltration; the result is a composite with high TiC content in a two-phase matrix, both of which are Fe–Al-based. The composite has low density, low porosity, high hardness, no detectable Al ₄C ₃ phase with X-ray diffraction and retains shape well during infiltration.

Authors:

; Edwards, Makayla S.;

;

Publication Date:: 2019-07-01

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1543216

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Materials Science

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 54; Journal Issue: 19; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-2461

Publisher:: Springer

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Ceramic-metal (cermet) composites; Intermetallics; Melt infiltration; TiC

Citation Formats


                    Cramer, Corson L., Edwards, Makayla S., McMurray, Jacob W., Elliott, Amy M., and Lowden, Richard A. Lightweight TiC–(Fe–Al) ceramic–metal composites made in situ by pressureless melt infiltration.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
        Web.  doi:10.1007/s10853-019-03792-2.

Copy to clipboard


                    Cramer, Corson L., Edwards, Makayla S., McMurray, Jacob W., Elliott, Amy M., & Lowden, Richard A. Lightweight TiC–(Fe–Al) ceramic–metal composites made in situ by pressureless melt infiltration.  United States.  doi:10.1007/s10853-019-03792-2.

Copy to clipboard


                    Cramer, Corson L., Edwards, Makayla S., McMurray, Jacob W., Elliott, Amy M., and Lowden, Richard A. Mon .  
        "Lightweight TiC–(Fe–Al) ceramic–metal composites made in situ by pressureless melt infiltration".  United States.  doi:10.1007/s10853-019-03792-2.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1543216,

  title        = {Lightweight TiC–(Fe–Al) ceramic–metal composites made in situ by pressureless melt infiltration},

  author       = {Cramer, Corson L. and Edwards, Makayla S. and McMurray, Jacob W. and Elliott, Amy M. and Lowden, Richard A.},

  abstractNote = {Lightweight ceramic–metal (cermet) composites combine stiffness and hardness with fracture toughness and ductility. TiC and Al are ideal pairs among lightweight cermet composites because of their relatively high strength-to-weight ratios, but these materials are difficult to process in solid state or with Al melt infiltration without making an aluminum carbide phase, which is detrimental to mechanical properties. Here, Fe is added to a TiC powder preform to reduce the activity of Al with TiC during Al melt infiltration and to aid in pressing TiC preforms, making a lightweight TiC–(Fe–Al) composite while avoiding other, unwanted phases. The composites are made by first pressing TiC powder mixed with Fe followed by Al melt infiltration; the result is a composite with high TiC content in a two-phase matrix, both of which are Fe–Al-based. The composite has low density, low porosity, high hardness, no detectable Al4C3 phase with X-ray diffraction and retains shape well during infiltration.},

  doi          = {10.1007/s10853-019-03792-2},

  journal      = {Journal of Materials Science},

  number       = 19,

  volume       = 54,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {7}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

This content will become publicly available on July 1, 2020

Publisher's Version of Record

DOI: 10.1007/s10853-019-03792-2

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Metal-matrix composites for space applications
journal, April 2001

Rawal, Suraj P.
JOM, Vol. 53, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-001-0139-z

Particulate reinforced metal matrix composites — a review
journal, January 1991

Ibrahim, I. A.; Mohamed, F. A.; Lavernia, E. J.
Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 26, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1007/BF00544448

The wetting of solids by molten metals and its relation to the preparation of metal-matrix composites composites
journal, January 1987

Delannay, F.; Froyen, L.; Deruyttere, A.
Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 22, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1007/BF01160545

TiC–TiB2 composites: A review of phase relationships, processing and properties
journal, January 2008

Vallauri, D.; Atías Adrián, I. C.; Chrysanthou, A.
Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 28, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2007.11.011

Wetting of Ceramics by Liquid Aluminum
journal, July 1970

Rhee, S. K.
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 53, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1970.tb12138.x

Wetting of TiC by molten Al at 1123–1323K
journal, March 2011

Lin, Qiaoli; Shen, Ping; Yang, Longlong
Acta Materialia, Vol. 59, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.11.055

Wettability and phase formation in TiC/Al-alloys assemblies
journal, October 2002

Aguilar, E. A.; León, C. A.; Contreras, A.
Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 33, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1016/S1359-835X(02)00160-4

Al/TiC composites produced by melt infiltration
journal, November 1992

Muscat, D.; Shanker, K.; Drew, R. A. L.
Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1179/mst.1992.8.11.971

Reaction products of Al/TiC composites fabricated by the pressureless infiltration technique
journal, September 2005

Lee, K. B.; Sim, H. S.; Kwon, H.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 36, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1007/s11661-005-0125-0

Reaction in Al–TiC metal matrix composites
journal, November 2001

Kennedy, A. R.; Weston, D. P.; Jones, M. I.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 316, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01228-X

Flux-assisted wetting and spreading of Al on TiC
journal, June 2006

López, V. H.; Kennedy, A. R.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 298, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.12.040

Chemical compatibility of titanium carbide with aluminum, gallium, and indium melts
journal, September 1976

Kononnako, V. I.; Shveikin, G. P.; Sukhman, A. L.
Soviet Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics, Vol. 15, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1007/BF01157839

Microstructural evolution during the combustion synthesis of TiC–Al cermet with larger metallic particles
journal, June 2006

Xiao, Guoqing; Fan, Quncheng; Gu, Meizhuan
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 425, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2006.03.076

Intermetallic-matrix composites—a review
journal, January 1996

Ward-Close, C. M.; Minor, R.; Doorbar, P. J.
Intermetallics, Vol. 4, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/0966-9795(95)00037-2

Intermetallic matrix composites prepared by mechanical alloying—a review
journal, March 1998

Koch, C. C.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 244, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00824-1

Metal- and intermetallic-matrix composites for aerospace propulsion and power systems
journal, June 1992

Doychak, J.
JOM, Vol. 44, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1007/BF03222256

Intermetallic-matrix composites: An overview
journal, January 1994

Kumar, K. S.; Bao, G.
Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 52, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/0266-3538(94)90200-3

Phase equilibria among α (hcp), β (bcc) and γ (L10) phases in Ti–Al base ternary alloys
journal, August 2000

Kainuma, R.; Fujita, Y.; Mitsui, H.
Intermetallics, Vol. 8, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1016/S0966-9795(00)00015-7

Synthesis and high-temperature stability of titanium aluminide matrixin situ composites
journal, September 1992

Tsunekawa, Y.; Gotoh, K.; Okumiya, M.
Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, Vol. 1, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1007/BF02646777

Processing and Microstructure Development of Titanium Carbide-Nickel Aluminide Composites Prepared by Melt Infiltration/Sintering (MIS)
journal, January 2001

Plucknett, Kevin P.; Becher, Paul F.
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 84, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00607.x

Melt-infiltration processing of TiC/Ni ₃ Al composites
journal, October 1997

Plucknett, K. P.; Becher, P. F.; Subramanian, R.
Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 12, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1557/JMR.1997.0332

The sliding wear of TiC and Ti(C,N) cermets prepared with a stoichiometric Ni3Al binder
journal, October 2014

Stewart, Tyler L.; Plucknett, Kevin P.
Wear, Vol. 318, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2014.06.025

Microstructure-property relationships of in situ reacted TiC/AlCu metal matrix composites
journal, January 1991

Sahoo, P.; Koczak, M. J.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 131, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/0921-5093(91)90345-N

Effect of MA on microstructure and synthesis path of in-situ TiC reinforced Fe–28at.% Al intermetallic composites
journal, June 2002

Ko, Se-Hyun; Park, Bong-Gyu; Hashimoto, Hitoshi
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 329-331
DOI: 10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01553-2

The FeAl–30%TiC nanocomposite produced by mechanical alloying and hot-pressing consolidation
journal, April 2002

Krasnowski, M.; Witek, A.; Kulik, T.
Intermetallics, Vol. 10, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00009-2

FeAl–TiC and FeAl–WC composites—melt infiltration processing, microstructure and mechanical properties
journal, March 1998

Subramanian, R.; Schneibel, J. H.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 244, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00833-2

FeAl-TiC cermets—melt infiltration processing and mechanical properties
journal, December 1997

Subramanian, R.; Schneibel, J. H.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 239-240
DOI: 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00641-2

Highly dense, inexpensive composites via melt infiltration of Ni into WC/Fe preforms
journal, August 2019

Cramer, Corson L.; Preston, Alexander D.; Elliott, Amy M.
International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, Vol. 82
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.04.019

Intermetallic FexAly-phases in a steel/Al-alloy fusion weld
journal, March 2007

Agudo, Leonardo; Eyidi, Dominique; Schmaranzer, Christian H.
Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 42, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1007/s10853-006-0644-0

Determination of the crystal structure of the ɛ phase in the Fe–Al system by high-temperature neutron diffraction
journal, January 2010

Stein, F.; Vogel, S. C.; Eumann, M.
Intermetallics, Vol. 18, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2009.07.006

The Al-Rich Part of the Fe-Al Phase Diagram
journal, January 2016

Li, Xiaolin; Scherf, Anke; Heilmaier, Martin
Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion, Vol. 37, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1007/s11669-015-0446-7

Crystallography of aligned Fe-Al eutectoid
journal, July 1978

Bastin, G. F.; van Loo, F. J. J.; Vrolijk, J. W. G. A.
Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 43, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1016/0022-0248(78)90155-0

A revised thermodynamic description of the Ti–C system
journal, December 2003

Frisk, Karin
Calphad, Vol. 27, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1016/j.calphad.2004.01.004

Influence of hydrostatic Pressure in Cold-Pressure Welding
journal, January 1992

Zhang, W.; Bay, N.; Wanheim, T.
CIRP Annals, Vol. 41, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)61207-4

FactSage thermochemical software and databases
journal, June 2002

Bale, C. W.; Chartrand, P.; Degterov, S. A.
Calphad, Vol. 26, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/S0364-5916(02)00035-4

Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Calculation of the TitaniumSiliconCarbon System
journal, January 2000

Du, Yong; Schuster, Julius C.; Seifert, Hans J.
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 83, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01170.x

The Ti-Si-C system (Titanium-Silicon-Carbon)
journal, December 2004

Bandyopadhyay, Debashis
Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion, Vol. 25, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1007/s11669-004-0132-7

Vacancy strengthening in Fe3Al iron aluminides
journal, November 2014

Hasemann, G.; Schneibel, J. H.; Krüger, M.
Intermetallics, Vol. 54
DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2014.05.013

Similar records in OSTI.GOV collections:

Collaboration for the Advancement of Indirect 3D Printing Technology

Technical Report Cordero, Zachary ; Elliott, Amy M.

Amorphous powders often possess high hardness values and other useful mechanical properties. However, densifying these powders into complex shapes while retaining their unique properties is a challenge with standard processing routes. Pressureless sintering, for example, can densify intricate green parts composed of rapidly-solidified powders. But this process typically involves long exposures to elevated temperatures, during which the non-equilibrium microstructure of the powder can evolve towards lower energy configurations with inferior properties. Pressure-assisted compaction techniques, by contrast, can consolidate green parts with simple shapes while preserving the microstructure and properties of the powder feedstock. But parts made with these processes generallymore »« less
DOI: 10.2172/1302926

Full Text Available
Microstructure evolution during near-net-shape fabrication of Ni _xAl _y-TiC cermets through binder jet additive manufacturing and pressureless melt infiltration

Journal Article Arnold, Joshua M. ; Cramer, Corson L. ; Elliott, Amy M. ; ... - International Journal of Refractory and Hard Metals

Titanium carbide-nickel aluminide (TiC-Ni _xAl _y) intermetallic matrix composite materials were fabricated with additive manufacturing and pressureless melt infiltration for applications intended for high-wear and corrosive environments while maintaining low density. In this work, two compositions of nickel aluminide are infiltrated into porous, printed TiC preforms. Net shaping of a nickel-rich infiltrant is less compared to the net shaping of the aluminum-rich infiltrant due to dissolution of TiC in the molten infiltrant. The microstructures and porosity of the two infiltrants with TiC are examined after processing. The explanation of shape retention from infiltration is explained, and the excellent shape retentionmore »« less
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.104985
Infiltration studies of additive manufacture of WC with Co using binder jetting and pressureless melt method

Journal Article Cramer, Corson L. ; Nandwana, Peeyush ; Lowden, Richard Andrew ; ... - Additive Manufacturing

Additive manufacturing (AM) of tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) is explored starting with WC preforms shaped with binder jet additive manufacturing (BJAM) followed by melt infiltration of Co. The research objective is to demonstrate the ability to net-shape WC-Co composites through BJAM of a WC preform followed by backfilling with cobalt via pressureless infiltration. This method also has the potential to minimize shrinkage and grain growth compared to other AM techniques. The effects of sintering, Co content, and infiltration time on the net shaping and properties of processed composites are shown. The best shaped material had an average grain size of 5.1more »« less
DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2019.04.009
Microstructure and properties of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Al(Si) and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Al(Si)-Si composites formed by in situ reaction of Al with aluminosilicate ceramics

Journal Article Ewsuk, K.G. ; Glass, S.J. ; Loehman, R.E. ; ... - Metallurgical Transactions, A

Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Al(Si) and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Al(Si)-Si composites have been formed by in situ reaction of molten Al with aluminosilicate ceramics. This reactive metal penetration (RMP) process is driven by a strongly negative Gibbs energy for reaction. In the Al/mullite system, Al reduces mullite to produce {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and elemental Si. With excess Al (i.e., x > 0), a composite of {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Al(Si) alloy, and Si can be formed. Ceramic-metal composites containing up to 30 vol pct Al(Si) were prepared by reacting molten Al with dense, aluminosilicate ceramic preforms or by reactively hot pressing Al and mullitemore »« less
Interfacial reactions in SiC{sub p}/Al composite fabricated by pressureless infiltration

Journal Article Lee, K.B. ; Kwon, H. - Scripta Materialia

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced by ceramic phases have been fabricated by various techniques including powder metallurgy, casting, etc. Recently Lanxide corporation developed the DIMOX and PRIMEX processes for fabricating ceramic- and metal-matrix composites, respectively. The PRIMEX process is an innovative technique for fabricating MMCs by the spontaneous infiltration of molten AL alloy containing Mg into a ceramic filler or preform under nitrogen atmosphere in pressureless state without the aid of vacuum or externally applied pressure. Although there were many patents on MMC fabrication by the above pressureless infiltration technique, however, few works on the resulting microstructures and their effectsmore »« less
DOI: 10.1016/S1359-6462(96)00506-4

Similar Records

This content will become publicly available on July 1, 2020

Title: Lightweight TiC–(Fe–Al) ceramic–metal composites made in situ by pressureless melt infiltration

Abstract

Citation Formats

Metal-matrix composites for space applications journal, April 2001

Particulate reinforced metal matrix composites — a review journal, January 1991

The wetting of solids by molten metals and its relation to the preparation of metal-matrix composites composites journal, January 1987

TiC–TiB2 composites: A review of phase relationships, processing and properties journal, January 2008

Wetting of Ceramics by Liquid Aluminum journal, July 1970

Wetting of TiC by molten Al at 1123–1323K journal, March 2011

Wettability and phase formation in TiC/Al-alloys assemblies journal, October 2002

Al/TiC composites produced by melt infiltration journal, November 1992

Reaction products of Al/TiC composites fabricated by the pressureless infiltration technique journal, September 2005

Reaction in Al–TiC metal matrix composites journal, November 2001

Flux-assisted wetting and spreading of Al on TiC journal, June 2006

Chemical compatibility of titanium carbide with aluminum, gallium, and indium melts journal, September 1976

Microstructural evolution during the combustion synthesis of TiC–Al cermet with larger metallic particles journal, June 2006

Intermetallic-matrix composites—a review journal, January 1996

Intermetallic matrix composites prepared by mechanical alloying—a review journal, March 1998

Metal- and intermetallic-matrix composites for aerospace propulsion and power systems journal, June 1992

Intermetallic-matrix composites: An overview journal, January 1994

Phase equilibria among α (hcp), β (bcc) and γ (L10) phases in Ti–Al base ternary alloys journal, August 2000

Synthesis and high-temperature stability of titanium aluminide matrixin situ composites journal, September 1992

Processing and Microstructure Development of Titanium Carbide-Nickel Aluminide Composites Prepared by Melt Infiltration/Sintering (MIS) journal, January 2001

Melt-infiltration processing of TiC/Ni 3 Al composites journal, October 1997

The sliding wear of TiC and Ti(C,N) cermets prepared with a stoichiometric Ni3Al binder journal, October 2014

Microstructure-property relationships of in situ reacted TiC/AlCu metal matrix composites journal, January 1991

Effect of MA on microstructure and synthesis path of in-situ TiC reinforced Fe–28at.% Al intermetallic composites journal, June 2002

The FeAl–30%TiC nanocomposite produced by mechanical alloying and hot-pressing consolidation journal, April 2002

FeAl–TiC and FeAl–WC composites—melt infiltration processing, microstructure and mechanical properties journal, March 1998

FeAl-TiC cermets—melt infiltration processing and mechanical properties journal, December 1997

Highly dense, inexpensive composites via melt infiltration of Ni into WC/Fe preforms journal, August 2019

Intermetallic FexAly-phases in a steel/Al-alloy fusion weld journal, March 2007

Determination of the crystal structure of the ɛ phase in the Fe–Al system by high-temperature neutron diffraction journal, January 2010

The Al-Rich Part of the Fe-Al Phase Diagram journal, January 2016

Crystallography of aligned Fe-Al eutectoid journal, July 1978

A revised thermodynamic description of the Ti–C system journal, December 2003

Influence of hydrostatic Pressure in Cold-Pressure Welding journal, January 1992

FactSage thermochemical software and databases journal, June 2002

Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Calculation of the TitaniumSiliconCarbon System journal, January 2000

The Ti-Si-C system (Titanium-Silicon-Carbon) journal, December 2004

Vacancy strengthening in Fe3Al iron aluminides journal, November 2014

Metal-matrix composites for space applications
journal, April 2001

Particulate reinforced metal matrix composites — a review
journal, January 1991

The wetting of solids by molten metals and its relation to the preparation of metal-matrix composites composites
journal, January 1987

TiC–TiB2 composites: A review of phase relationships, processing and properties
journal, January 2008

Wetting of Ceramics by Liquid Aluminum
journal, July 1970

Wetting of TiC by molten Al at 1123–1323K
journal, March 2011

Wettability and phase formation in TiC/Al-alloys assemblies
journal, October 2002

Al/TiC composites produced by melt infiltration
journal, November 1992

Reaction products of Al/TiC composites fabricated by the pressureless infiltration technique
journal, September 2005

Reaction in Al–TiC metal matrix composites
journal, November 2001

Flux-assisted wetting and spreading of Al on TiC
journal, June 2006

Chemical compatibility of titanium carbide with aluminum, gallium, and indium melts
journal, September 1976

Microstructural evolution during the combustion synthesis of TiC–Al cermet with larger metallic particles
journal, June 2006

Intermetallic-matrix composites—a review
journal, January 1996

Intermetallic matrix composites prepared by mechanical alloying—a review
journal, March 1998

Metal- and intermetallic-matrix composites for aerospace propulsion and power systems
journal, June 1992

Intermetallic-matrix composites: An overview
journal, January 1994

Phase equilibria among α (hcp), β (bcc) and γ (L10) phases in Ti–Al base ternary alloys
journal, August 2000

Synthesis and high-temperature stability of titanium aluminide matrixin situ composites
journal, September 1992

Processing and Microstructure Development of Titanium Carbide-Nickel Aluminide Composites Prepared by Melt Infiltration/Sintering (MIS)
journal, January 2001

Melt-infiltration processing of TiC/Ni ₃ Al composites
journal, October 1997

The sliding wear of TiC and Ti(C,N) cermets prepared with a stoichiometric Ni3Al binder
journal, October 2014

Microstructure-property relationships of in situ reacted TiC/AlCu metal matrix composites
journal, January 1991

Effect of MA on microstructure and synthesis path of in-situ TiC reinforced Fe–28at.% Al intermetallic composites
journal, June 2002

The FeAl–30%TiC nanocomposite produced by mechanical alloying and hot-pressing consolidation
journal, April 2002

FeAl–TiC and FeAl–WC composites—melt infiltration processing, microstructure and mechanical properties
journal, March 1998

FeAl-TiC cermets—melt infiltration processing and mechanical properties
journal, December 1997

Highly dense, inexpensive composites via melt infiltration of Ni into WC/Fe preforms
journal, August 2019

Intermetallic FexAly-phases in a steel/Al-alloy fusion weld
journal, March 2007

Determination of the crystal structure of the ɛ phase in the Fe–Al system by high-temperature neutron diffraction
journal, January 2010

The Al-Rich Part of the Fe-Al Phase Diagram
journal, January 2016

Crystallography of aligned Fe-Al eutectoid
journal, July 1978

A revised thermodynamic description of the Ti–C system
journal, December 2003

Influence of hydrostatic Pressure in Cold-Pressure Welding
journal, January 1992

FactSage thermochemical software and databases
journal, June 2002

Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Calculation of the TitaniumSiliconCarbon System
journal, January 2000

The Ti-Si-C system (Titanium-Silicon-Carbon)
journal, December 2004

Vacancy strengthening in Fe3Al iron aluminides
journal, November 2014