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Title: Design Principles for Trap-Free CsPbX3 Nanocrystals: Enumerating and Eliminating Surface Halide Vacancies with Softer Lewis Bases

Abstract

We introduce a general surface passivation mechanism for cesium lead halide perovskite materials (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) that is supported by a combined experimental and theoretical study of the nanocrystal surface chemistry. A variety of spectroscopic methods are employed together with ab initio calculations to identify surface halide vacancies as the predominant source of charge trapping. The number of surface traps per nanocrystal is quantified by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and that number is consistent with a simple trapping model in which surface halide vacancies create deleterious under-coordinated lead atoms. These halide vacancies exhibit trapping behavior that differs among CsPbCl3, CsPbBr3, and CsPbI3. Ab initio calculations suggest that introduction of anionic X-type ligands can produce trap-free band gaps by altering the energetics of lead-based defect levels. General rules for selecting effective passivating ligand pairs are introduced by considering established principles of coordination chemistry. Introducing softer, anionic, X-type Lewis bases that target under-coordinated lead atoms results in absolute quantum yields approaching unity and monoexponential luminescence decay kinetics, thereby indicating full trap passivation. This work provides a systematic framework for preparing highly luminescent CsPbX3 nanocrystals with variable compositions and dimensionalities, thereby improving the fundamental understanding of these materials and informing futuremore » synthetic and post-synthetic efforts toward trap-free CsPbX3 nanocrystals.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [3]; ORCiD logo [4]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  2. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  3. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  4. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Kavli Energy NanoScience Inst.; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1542345
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of the American Chemical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 140; Journal Issue: 50; Journal ID: ISSN 0002-7863
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats

Nenon, David P., Pressler, Kimo, Kang, Jun, Koscher, Brent A., Olshansky, Jacob H., Osowiecki, Wojciech T., Koc, Matthew A., Wang, Lin-Wang, and Alivisatos, A. Paul. Design Principles for Trap-Free CsPbX3 Nanocrystals: Enumerating and Eliminating Surface Halide Vacancies with Softer Lewis Bases. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1021/jacs.8b11035.
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Nenon, David P., Pressler, Kimo, Kang, Jun, Koscher, Brent A., Olshansky, Jacob H., Osowiecki, Wojciech T., Koc, Matthew A., Wang, Lin-Wang, & Alivisatos, A. Paul. Design Principles for Trap-Free CsPbX3 Nanocrystals: Enumerating and Eliminating Surface Halide Vacancies with Softer Lewis Bases. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b11035
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Nenon, David P., Pressler, Kimo, Kang, Jun, Koscher, Brent A., Olshansky, Jacob H., Osowiecki, Wojciech T., Koc, Matthew A., Wang, Lin-Wang, and Alivisatos, A. Paul. Sun . "Design Principles for Trap-Free CsPbX3 Nanocrystals: Enumerating and Eliminating Surface Halide Vacancies with Softer Lewis Bases". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b11035. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1542345.
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@article{osti_1542345,
title = {Design Principles for Trap-Free CsPbX3 Nanocrystals: Enumerating and Eliminating Surface Halide Vacancies with Softer Lewis Bases},
author = {Nenon, David P. and Pressler, Kimo and Kang, Jun and Koscher, Brent A. and Olshansky, Jacob H. and Osowiecki, Wojciech T. and Koc, Matthew A. and Wang, Lin-Wang and Alivisatos, A. Paul},
abstractNote = {We introduce a general surface passivation mechanism for cesium lead halide perovskite materials (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I) that is supported by a combined experimental and theoretical study of the nanocrystal surface chemistry. A variety of spectroscopic methods are employed together with ab initio calculations to identify surface halide vacancies as the predominant source of charge trapping. The number of surface traps per nanocrystal is quantified by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and that number is consistent with a simple trapping model in which surface halide vacancies create deleterious under-coordinated lead atoms. These halide vacancies exhibit trapping behavior that differs among CsPbCl3, CsPbBr3, and CsPbI3. Ab initio calculations suggest that introduction of anionic X-type ligands can produce trap-free band gaps by altering the energetics of lead-based defect levels. General rules for selecting effective passivating ligand pairs are introduced by considering established principles of coordination chemistry. Introducing softer, anionic, X-type Lewis bases that target under-coordinated lead atoms results in absolute quantum yields approaching unity and monoexponential luminescence decay kinetics, thereby indicating full trap passivation. This work provides a systematic framework for preparing highly luminescent CsPbX3 nanocrystals with variable compositions and dimensionalities, thereby improving the fundamental understanding of these materials and informing future synthetic and post-synthetic efforts toward trap-free CsPbX3 nanocrystals.},
doi = {10.1021/jacs.8b11035},
journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
number = 50,
volume = 140,
place = {United States},
year = {Sun Dec 02 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Sun Dec 02 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}
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    journal, January 2019

    • Mondal, Navendu; De, Apurba; Das, Somnath
    • Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 20
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01745c

    Ultra-stable CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals with near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield via postsynthetic surface engineering
    journal, January 2019

    • Zu, Yanqing; Dai, Jinfei; Li, Lu
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 45
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9ta08421e

    Nucleation-controlled growth of superior long oriented CsPbBr 3 microrod single crystals for high detectivity photodetectors
    journal, January 2019

    • Cheng, Xiaohua; Yuan, Ye; Jing, Lin
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 45
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9tc05333f

    Correlation of near-unity quantum yields with photogenerated excitons in X-type ligand passivated CsPbBr 3 perovskite quantum dots
    journal, January 2019

    • Park, Sunjoong; Cho, Hyunjin; Choi, Wonseok
    • Nanoscale Advances, Vol. 1, Issue 8
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9na00292h

    Self-assembly of a robust hydrogen-bonded octylphosphonate network on cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals for light-emitting diodes
    journal, January 2019

    • Brown, Alasdair A. M.; Hooper, Thomas J. N.; Veldhuis, Sjoerd A.
    • Nanoscale, Vol. 11, Issue 25
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02566a

    Near‐Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Efficiency for All CsPbX 3 (X=Cl, Br, and I) Perovskite Nanocrystals: A Generic Synthesis Approach
    journal, March 2019

    • Dutta, Anirban; Behera, Rakesh Kumar; Pal, Poulami
    • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 17
    • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900374

    Photophysics of lead-free tin halide perovskite films and solar cells
    journal, August 2019

    • Handa, Taketo; Wakamiya, Atsushi; Kanemitsu, Yoshihiko
    • APL Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 8
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5109704

    Reducing Detrimental Defects for High‐Performance Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
    journal, January 2020

    • Ono, Luis K.; Liu, Shengzhong (Frank); Qi, Yabing
    • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 59, Issue 17
    • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905521

    Halogen Vacancies Enable Ligand‐Assisted Self‐Assembly of Perovskite Quantum Dots into Nanowires
    journal, November 2019

    • Pan, Jun; Li, Xiyan; Gong, Xiwen
    • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 45
    • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909109

    Near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield in inorganic perovskite nanocrystals by metal-ion doping
    journal, January 2020

    • Ahmed, Ghada H.; Yin, Jun; Bakr, Osman M.
    • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 152, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5131807

    In situ growth of α-CsPbI 3 perovskite nanocrystals on the surface of reduced graphene oxide with enhanced stability and carrier transport quality
    journal, January 2019

    • Zhang, Qi; Nan, Hui; Zhou, Yangying
    • Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 22
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9tc01012b

    Picosecond electron trapping limits the emissivity of CsPbCl 3 perovskite nanocrystals
    journal, November 2019

    • Lai, Runchen; Wu, Kaifeng
    • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 151, Issue 19
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5127887

    Resurfacing halide perovskite nanocrystals
    journal, May 2019

    Comparison of superstar CsPbBr 3 and classical LaPO 4 :Tb 3+ ,Ce 3+ green-emitting nanophosphors
    journal, February 2019

    Influence of shape on the carrier relaxation dynamics of CsPbBr 3 perovskite nanocrystals
    journal, January 2019

    • Ghosh, Goutam; Jana, Bikash; Sain, Sumanta
    • Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 35
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03386f

    Facile Room‐Temperature Anion Exchange Reactions of Inorganic Perovskite Quantum Dots Enabled by a Modular Microfluidic Platform
    journal, March 2019

    • Abdel‐Latif, Kameel; Epps, Robert W.; Kerr, Corwin B.
    • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 23
    • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201900712

    Rationalizing the Molecular Design of Hole‐Selective Contacts to Improve Charge Extraction in Perovskite Solar Cells
    journal, June 2019

    • Wang, Qiong; Mosconi, Edoardo; Wolff, Christian
    • Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 28
    • DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201900990

    Thiocyanate-Treated Perovskite-Nanocrystal-Based Light-Emitting Diodes with Insight in Efficiency Roll-Off
    journal, January 2020

    • Chen, Fang; Boopathi, Karunakara Moorthy; Imran, Muhammad
    • Materials, Vol. 13, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.3390/ma13020367

    CsPbBr 3 Quantum Dots 2.0: Benzenesulfonic Acid Equivalent Ligand Awakens Complete Purification
    journal, June 2019

    Verringerung schädlicher Defekte für leistungsstarke Metallhalogenid‐Perowskit‐Solarzellen
    journal, April 2020

    • Ono, Luis K.; Liu, Shengzhong (Frank); Qi, Yabing
    • Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 132, Issue 17
    • DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905521

    Trion dynamics in lead halide perovskite nanocrystals
    journal, November 2019

    • Kanemitsu, Yoshihiko
    • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 151, Issue 17
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5125628

    Halogen Vacancies Enable Ligand‐Assisted Self‐Assembly of Perovskite Quantum Dots into Nanowires
    journal, September 2019

    Insights into the role of the lead/surfactant ratio in the formation and passivation of cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals
    journal, January 2020

    • Grisorio, Roberto; Fanizza, Elisabetta; Allegretta, Ignazio
    • Nanoscale, Vol. 12, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08079a
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