Non-Hermitian Phase Transition from a Polariton Bose-Einstein Condensate to a Photon Laser

Hanai, Ryo; Edelman, Alexander; Ohashi, Yoji; Littlewood, Peter B.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.185301

Title: Non-Hermitian Phase Transition from a Polariton Bose-Einstein Condensate to a Photon Laser

Journal Article · 08 May 2019 · Physical Review Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.185301 · OSTI ID:1542179

Hanai, Ryo ^[1]; Edelman, Alexander ^[2]; Ohashi, Yoji ^[3]; Littlewood, Peter B. ^[2]

Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). James Franck Inst. Dept. of Physics; Osaka Univ., Toyonaka (Japan). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). James Franck Inst. Dept. of Physics; Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Materials Science Division
Keio Univ., Yokohama (Japan). Dept. of Physics

We propose here a novel mechanism for a nonequilibrium phase transition in a $U(1)$-broken phase of an electron-hole-photon system, from a Bose-Einstein condensate of polaritons to a photon laser, induced by the non-Hermitian nature of the condensate. We show that a (uniform) steady state of the condensate can always be classified into two types, namely, arising either from lower or upper-branch polaritons. We prove (for a general model) and demonstrate (for a particular model of polaritons) that an exceptional point where the two types coalesce marks the end point of a first-order-like phase boundary between the two types, similar to a critical point in a liquid-gas phase transition. Since the phase transition found in this paper is not in general triggered by population inversion, our result implies that the second threshold observed in experiments is not necessarily a strong-to-weak-coupling transition, contrary to the widely believed understanding. Although our calculation mainly aims to clarify polariton physics, our discussion is applicable to general driven-dissipative condensates composed of two complex fields.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Osaka Univ., Toyonaka (Japan); Keio Univ., Yokohama (Japan)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) (Japan)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; 17J01238; JP18K11345; JP18H05406; JP16K05503

OSTI ID:: 1542179

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1511515

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 18; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 34 works

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