Continuum Reverberation Mapping of the Accretion Disks in Two Seyfert 1 Galaxies

Fausnaugh, M. M.; Starkey, D. A.; Horne, Keith; Kochanek, C. S.; Peterson, B. M.; Bentz, M. C.; Denney, K. D.; Grier, C. J.; Grupe, D.; Pogge, R. W.; De Rosa, G.; Adams, S. M.; Barth, A. J.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Bhattacharjee, A.; Borman, G. A.; Boroson, T. A.; Bottorff, M. C.; Brown, Jacob E.; Brown, Jonathan S.; Brotherton, M. S.; Coker, C. T.; Crawford, S. M.; Croxall, K. V.; Eftekharzadeh, Sarah; Eracleous, Michael; Joner, M. D.; Henderson, C. B.; Holoien, T. W. -S.; Hutchison, T.; Kaspi, Shai; Kim, S.; King, Anthea L.; Li, Miao; Lochhaas, Cassandra; Ma, Zhiyuan; MacInnis, F.; Manne-Nicholas, E. R.; Mason, M.; Montuori, Carmen; Mosquera, Ana; Mudd, Dale; Musso, R.; Nazarov, S. V.; Nguyen, M. L.; Okhmat, D. N.; Onken, Christopher A.; Ou-Yang, B.; Pancoast, A.; Pei, L.; Penny, Matthew T.; Poleski, Radosław; Rafter, Stephen; Romero-Colmenero, E.; Runnoe, Jessie; Sand, David J.; Schimoia, Jaderson S.; Sergeev, S. G.; Shappee, B. J.; Simonian, Gregory V.; Somers, Garrett; Spencer, M.; Stevens, Daniel J.; Tayar, Jamie; Treu, T.; Valenti, Stefano; Van Saders, J.; Villanueva, Jr., S.; Villforth, C.; Weiss, Yaniv; Winkler, H.; Zhu, W.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaaa2b

Title: Continuum Reverberation Mapping of the Accretion Disks in Two Seyfert 1 Galaxies

Abstract

We present optical continuum lags for two Seyfert 1 galaxies, MCG+08-11-011 and NGC 2617, using monitoring data from a reverberation mapping campaign carried out in 2014. Our light curves span the ugriz filters over four months, with median cadences of 1.0 and 0.6 days for MCG+08-11-011 and NGC 2617, respectively, combined with roughly daily X-ray and near-UV data from Swift for NGC 2617. We find lags consistent with geometrically thin accretion-disk models that predict a lag-wavelength relation of τ ∝ λ ^4/3. However, the observed lags are larger than predictions based on standard thin-disk theory by factors of 3.3 for MCG+08-11-011 and 2.3 for NGC 2617. Furthermore, these differences can be explained if the mass accretion rates are larger than inferred from the optical luminosity by a factor of 4.3 in MCG+08-11-011 and a factor of 1.3 in NGC 2617, although uncertainty in the SMBH masses determines the significance of this result. While the X-ray variability in NGC 2617 precedes the UV/optical variability, the long (2.6 day) lag is problematic for coronal reprocessing models.

Authors:

Fausnaugh, M. M. ^[1]; Starkey, D. A. ^[2];

^[2];

^[3]; Peterson, B. M. ^[4];

^[5]; Denney, K. D. ^[6];

^[7];

^[8];

^[3]; De Rosa, G. ^[9]; Adams, S. M. ^[10];

^[11];

^[7]; Bhattacharjee, A. ^[12]; Borman, G. A. ^[13];

^[14]; Bottorff, M. C. ^[15]; Brown, Jacob E. ^[16];

^[3] more »

The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States); MIT Kavli Institute for Space and Astrophysics Research, Cambridge, MA (United States)
Univ. of St. Andrews, Scotland (United Kingdom)
The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)
The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States); Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States)
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States)
llumination Works LLC., Dublin, OH (United States)
The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Morehead State Univ., Morehead, KY (United States)
Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD (United States)
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States)
Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (United States); Sul Ross State Univ., Alpine, TX (United States)
Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Crimea (Russia)
Las Cumbres Global Telescope Network, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
Southwestern Univ., Georgetown, TX (United States)
Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States)
Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (United States)
South African Astronomical Observatory, Cape Town (South Africa)
The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States)
Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT (United States)
Tel Aviv Univ., Tel Aviv (Israel)
Univ. of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC (Australia)
Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD (United States)
Univ. dell’Insubria, Como (Italy)
United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD (United States)
Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia)
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States); Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL (United States)
Univ. of Haifa, Haifa (Israel)
Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO (United States); Southern African Large Telescope Foundation, Cape Town (South Africa)
The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX (United States)
Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil)
Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA (United States)
Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
Univ. of Bath, Bath (United Kingdom)
Technion, Haifa (Israel)
Univ. of Johannesburg, Auckland Park (South Africa)

Publication Date:: 2018-02-16

Research Org.:: Krell Institute, Ames, IA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1542018

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-97ER25308

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: The Astrophysical Journal (Online)

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 854; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; Astronomy & Astrophysics; accretion; accretion disks; galaxies: individual(MCG+08-11-011, NGC 2617); galaxies: Seyfer

Citation Formats


                    Fausnaugh, M. M., Starkey, D. A., Horne, Keith, Kochanek, C. S., Peterson, B. M., Bentz, M. C., Denney, K. D., Grier, C. J., Grupe, D., Pogge, R. W., De Rosa, G., Adams, S. M., Barth, A. J., Beatty, Thomas G., Bhattacharjee, A., Borman, G. A., Boroson, T. A., Bottorff, M. C., Brown, Jacob E., Brown, Jonathan S., Brotherton, M. S., Coker, C. T., Crawford, S. M., Croxall, K. V., Eftekharzadeh, Sarah, Eracleous, Michael, Joner, M. D., Henderson, C. B., Holoien, T. W. -S., Hutchison, T., Kaspi, Shai, Kim, S., King, Anthea L., Li, Miao, Lochhaas, Cassandra, Ma, Zhiyuan, MacInnis, F., Manne-Nicholas, E. R., Mason, M., Montuori, Carmen, Mosquera, Ana, Mudd, Dale, Musso, R., Nazarov, S. V., Nguyen, M. L., Okhmat, D. N., Onken, Christopher A., Ou-Yang, B., Pancoast, A., Pei, L., Penny, Matthew T., Poleski, Radosław, Rafter, Stephen, Romero-Colmenero, E., Runnoe, Jessie, Sand, David J., Schimoia, Jaderson S., Sergeev, S. G., Shappee, B. J., Simonian, Gregory V., Somers, Garrett, Spencer, M., Stevens, Daniel J., Tayar, Jamie, Treu, T., Valenti, Stefano, Van Saders, J., Villanueva, Jr., S., Villforth, C., Weiss, Yaniv, Winkler, H., and Zhu, W. Continuum Reverberation Mapping of the Accretion Disks in Two Seyfert 1 Galaxies.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaaa2b.

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                    Fausnaugh, M. M., Starkey, D. A., Horne, Keith, Kochanek, C. S., Peterson, B. M., Bentz, M. C., Denney, K. D., Grier, C. J., Grupe, D., Pogge, R. W., De Rosa, G., Adams, S. M., Barth, A. J., Beatty, Thomas G., Bhattacharjee, A., Borman, G. A., Boroson, T. A., Bottorff, M. C., Brown, Jacob E., Brown, Jonathan S., Brotherton, M. S., Coker, C. T., Crawford, S. M., Croxall, K. V., Eftekharzadeh, Sarah, Eracleous, Michael, Joner, M. D., Henderson, C. B., Holoien, T. W. -S., Hutchison, T., Kaspi, Shai, Kim, S., King, Anthea L., Li, Miao, Lochhaas, Cassandra, Ma, Zhiyuan, MacInnis, F., Manne-Nicholas, E. R., Mason, M., Montuori, Carmen, Mosquera, Ana, Mudd, Dale, Musso, R., Nazarov, S. V., Nguyen, M. L., Okhmat, D. N., Onken, Christopher A., Ou-Yang, B., Pancoast, A., Pei, L., Penny, Matthew T., Poleski, Radosław, Rafter, Stephen, Romero-Colmenero, E., Runnoe, Jessie, Sand, David J., Schimoia, Jaderson S., Sergeev, S. G., Shappee, B. J., Simonian, Gregory V., Somers, Garrett, Spencer, M., Stevens, Daniel J., Tayar, Jamie, Treu, T., Valenti, Stefano, Van Saders, J., Villanueva, Jr., S., Villforth, C., Weiss, Yaniv, Winkler, H., & Zhu, W. Continuum Reverberation Mapping of the Accretion Disks in Two Seyfert 1 Galaxies.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaaa2b

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                    Fausnaugh, M. M., Starkey, D. A., Horne, Keith, Kochanek, C. S., Peterson, B. M., Bentz, M. C., Denney, K. D., Grier, C. J., Grupe, D., Pogge, R. W., De Rosa, G., Adams, S. M., Barth, A. J., Beatty, Thomas G., Bhattacharjee, A., Borman, G. A., Boroson, T. A., Bottorff, M. C., Brown, Jacob E., Brown, Jonathan S., Brotherton, M. S., Coker, C. T., Crawford, S. M., Croxall, K. V., Eftekharzadeh, Sarah, Eracleous, Michael, Joner, M. D., Henderson, C. B., Holoien, T. W. -S., Hutchison, T., Kaspi, Shai, Kim, S., King, Anthea L., Li, Miao, Lochhaas, Cassandra, Ma, Zhiyuan, MacInnis, F., Manne-Nicholas, E. R., Mason, M., Montuori, Carmen, Mosquera, Ana, Mudd, Dale, Musso, R., Nazarov, S. V., Nguyen, M. L., Okhmat, D. N., Onken, Christopher A., Ou-Yang, B., Pancoast, A., Pei, L., Penny, Matthew T., Poleski, Radosław, Rafter, Stephen, Romero-Colmenero, E., Runnoe, Jessie, Sand, David J., Schimoia, Jaderson S., Sergeev, S. G., Shappee, B. J., Simonian, Gregory V., Somers, Garrett, Spencer, M., Stevens, Daniel J., Tayar, Jamie, Treu, T., Valenti, Stefano, Van Saders, J., Villanueva, Jr., S., Villforth, C., Weiss, Yaniv, Winkler, H., and Zhu, W. Fri .  
"Continuum Reverberation Mapping of the Accretion Disks in Two Seyfert 1 Galaxies".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaaa2b.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1542018.

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@article{osti_1542018,

  title        = {Continuum Reverberation Mapping of the Accretion Disks in Two Seyfert 1 Galaxies},

  author       = {Fausnaugh, M. M. and Starkey, D. A. and Horne, Keith and Kochanek, C. S. and Peterson, B. M. and Bentz, M. C. and Denney, K. D. and Grier, C. J. and Grupe, D. and Pogge, R. W. and De Rosa, G. and Adams, S. M. and Barth, A. J. and Beatty, Thomas G. and Bhattacharjee, A. and Borman, G. A. and Boroson, T. A. and Bottorff, M. C. and Brown, Jacob E. and Brown, Jonathan S. and Brotherton, M. S. and Coker, C. T. and Crawford, S. M. and Croxall, K. V. and Eftekharzadeh, Sarah and Eracleous, Michael and Joner, M. D. and Henderson, C. B. and Holoien, T. W. -S. and Hutchison, T. and Kaspi, Shai and Kim, S. and King, Anthea L. and Li, Miao and Lochhaas, Cassandra and Ma, Zhiyuan and MacInnis, F. and Manne-Nicholas, E. R. and Mason, M. and Montuori, Carmen and Mosquera, Ana and Mudd, Dale and Musso, R. and Nazarov, S. V. and Nguyen, M. L. and Okhmat, D. N. and Onken, Christopher A. and Ou-Yang, B. and Pancoast, A. and Pei, L. and Penny, Matthew T. and Poleski, Radosław and Rafter, Stephen and Romero-Colmenero, E. and Runnoe, Jessie and Sand, David J. and Schimoia, Jaderson S. and Sergeev, S. G. and Shappee, B. J. and Simonian, Gregory V. and Somers, Garrett and Spencer, M. and Stevens, Daniel J. and Tayar, Jamie and Treu, T. and Valenti, Stefano and Van Saders, J. and Villanueva, Jr., S. and Villforth, C. and Weiss, Yaniv and Winkler, H. and Zhu, W.},

  abstractNote = {We present optical continuum lags for two Seyfert 1 galaxies, MCG+08-11-011 and NGC 2617, using monitoring data from a reverberation mapping campaign carried out in 2014. Our light curves span the ugriz filters over four months, with median cadences of 1.0 and 0.6 days for MCG+08-11-011 and NGC 2617, respectively, combined with roughly daily X-ray and near-UV data from Swift for NGC 2617. We find lags consistent with geometrically thin accretion-disk models that predict a lag-wavelength relation of τ ∝ λ 4/3. However, the observed lags are larger than predictions based on standard thin-disk theory by factors of 3.3 for MCG+08-11-011 and 2.3 for NGC 2617. Furthermore, these differences can be explained if the mass accretion rates are larger than inferred from the optical luminosity by a factor of 4.3 in MCG+08-11-011 and a factor of 1.3 in NGC 2617, although uncertainty in the SMBH masses determines the significance of this result. While the X-ray variability in NGC 2617 precedes the UV/optical variability, the long (2.6 day) lag is problematic for coronal reprocessing models.},

  doi          = {10.3847/1538-4357/aaaa2b},

  journal      = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 854,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {2}

}

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Figures / Tables:

Table 1: Physical Parameters

Note. Columns 2, 3, and 4 are taken from Fausnaugh et al. (2017). Column 3 was derived from continuum-Hβ lags, and includes all systematic uncertainties. Column 4 is calculated from the observed mean optical luminosity, assuming a bolometric correction of 10 ($L = 10\lambda{L}_{5100 Å}$).more »

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DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1806.08496

Winds Can "Blow Up" AGN Accretion Disk Sizes
text, January 2018

Sun, Mouyuan; Xue, Yongquan; Trump, Jonathan R.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1806.08575

Quantifying the Diffuse Continuum Contribution of BLR Clouds to AGN Continuum Inter-band Delays
text, January 2018

Lawther, Daniel; Goad, Michael R.; Korista, Kirk T.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1808.04798

Quasar Accretion Disk Sizes from Continuum Reverberation Mapping in the DES Standard Star Fields
text, January 2018

Yu, Zhefu; Martini, Paul; Davis, T. M.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1811.03638

Supermassive Black Holes with High Accretion Rates in Active Galactic Nuclei. VIII. Structure of the Broad-Line Region and Mass of the Central Black Hole in Mrk 142
text, January 2018

Li, Yan-Rong; Songsheng, Yu-Yang; Qiu, Jie
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1811.06302

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Title: Continuum Reverberation Mapping of the Accretion Disks in Two Seyfert 1 Galaxies

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

The Seventh data Release of the Sloan Digital sky Survey journal, May 2009

Slim accretion disks journal, September 1988

A Method for Optimal Image Subtraction journal, August 1998

Correlated X-ray/optical variability in the quasar MR 2251−178 journal, September 2008

Correlation and time delays of the X-ray and optical emission of the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 3783 journal, August 2009

Astropy: A community Python package for astronomy journal, September 2013

Instability, turbulence, and enhanced transport in accretion disks journal, January 1998

Accretion disk Dynamo as the Trigger for X-Ray Binary State Transitions journal, August 2015

Magnetically elevated accretion discs in active galactic nuclei: broad emission-line regions and associated star formation journal, October 2016

Sizes and Temperature Profiles of Quasar Accretion Disks from Chromatic Microlensing journal, February 2011

General Overview of Black Hole Accretion Theory journal, May 2013

Reverberation mapping of the emission line regions of Seyfert galaxies and quasars journal, April 1982

Long-term optical and X-ray variability of the Seyfert galaxy Markarian 79 journal, March 2009

Twelve years of X-ray and optical variability in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4051: X-ray/optical variability in NGC 4051 journal, February 2010

The Centurion 18 telescope of the Wise Observatory journal, February 2008

Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network journal, September 2013

Ultraviolet and X-ray variability of active galactic nuclei with Swift journal, September 2016

Quasi-Stellar Objects journal, September 1967

The Swift X-Ray Telescope journal, October 2005

Testing thermal reprocessing in active galactic nuclei accretion discs journal, August 2007

Active galactic nuclei at z ∼ 1.5 – I. Spectral energy distribution and accretion discs journal, December 2014

Steps toward Determination of the Size and Structure of the Broad‐Line Region in Active Galactic Nuclei. XIV. Intensive Optical Spectrophotometric Observations of NGC 7469 journal, June 1998

The emission lines of quasars and similar objects journal, October 1979

SPACE TELESCOPE AND OPTICAL REVERBERATION MAPPING PROJECT. I. ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS OF THE SEYFERT 1 GALAXY NGC 5548 WITH THE COSMIC ORIGINS SPECTROGRAPH ON HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE journal, June 2015

Swift Monitoring of NGC 4151: Evidence for a Second X-Ray/UV Reprocessing journal, May 2017

SPACE TELESCOPE AND OPTICAL REVERBERATION MAPPING PROJECT. II. SWIFT AND HST REVERBERATION MAPPING OF THE ACCRETION DISK OF NGC 5548 journal, June 2015

Atlas of quasar energy distributions journal, November 1994

A New Approach to the Internal Calibration of Reverberation-Mapping Spectra journal, January 2017

Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. iii. Optical Continuum Emission and Broadband time Delays in ngc 5548 journal, April 2016

Reverberation Mapping of Optical Emission Lines in Five Active Galaxies journal, May 2017

The origin of the UV/optical lags in NGC 5548 journal, April 2017

The accuracy of cross-correlation estimates of quasar emission-line region sizes journal, September 1987

Direct probe of the inner accretion flow around the supermassive black hole in NGC 2617 journal, January 2017

Long-term monitoring of Ark 120 with Swift journal, October 2016

Interpreting broad emission-line variations – I. Factors influencing the emission-line response journal, August 2014

A two-phase model for the X-ray emission from Seyfert galaxies journal, October 1991

Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment journal, January 2007

Detection of Time Lags between Quasar Continuum Emission Bands Based On Pan-STARRS Light Curves journal, February 2017

Radiation Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of the Formation of hot Accretion disk Coronae journal, March 2014

The Average size and Temperature Profile of Quasar Accretion Disks journal, February 2014

The characteristic blue spectra of accretion disks in quasars as uncovered in the infrared journal, July 2008

The buried Balmer-edge signatures from quasars journal, November 2004

Constraints on the temperature inhomogeneity in quasar accretion discs from the ultraviolet-optical spectral variability journal, March 2015

The relationship between variable and polarized optical spectral components of luminous type 1 non-blazar quasars journal, May 2016

The Variable Diffuse Continuum Emission of Broad‐Line Clouds journal, June 2001

Limitations on the recovery of the true AGN variability parameters using damped random walk modeling journal, January 2017

Ultraviolet variability of NGC 5548 - Dynamics of the continuum production region and geometry of the broad-line region journal, April 1991

The Discovery of the First “Changing Look” Quasar: new Insights into the Physics and Phenomenology of Active Galactic Nuclei journal, February 2015

Long-term monitoring of the archetype Seyfert galaxy MCG-6-30-15: X-ray, optical and near-IR variability of the corona, disc and torus journal, September 2015

Transonic Black Hole Accretion Disks: A Unified Model for Optically Thin and Thick Disks journal, May 1998

A systematic search for changing-look quasars in SDSS journal, January 2016

X-Ray versus Optical Variations in the Seyfert 1 Nucleus NGC 3516: A Puzzling Disconnectedness journal, October 2002

Correlated X‐Ray and Optical Variability in Markarian 509 journal, April 2008

Swift monitoring of NGC 5548: X-ray reprocessing and short-term UV/optical variability journal, August 2014

The origin of UV-optical variability in AGN and test of disc models: XMM- Newton and ground-based observations of NGC 4395 : The origin of UV-optical variability in AGN and test of disc models: XMM- journal, May 2016

The Quasar Accretion disk Size-Black hole mass Relation journal, March 2010

The Structure of the X-Ray and Optical Emitting Regions of the Lensed Quasar q 2237+0305 journal, May 2013

Advection-dominated Accretion: Underfed Black Holes and Neutron Stars journal, October 1995

On the Bardeen–Petterson effect in black hole accretion discs journal, February 2015

AGN Dusty Tori. II. Observational Implications of Clumpiness journal, September 2008

Radiative Efficiency and Thermal Spectrum of Accretion onto Schwarzschild Black Holes journal, November 2011

The curtain remains open: NGC 2617 continues in a high state journal, January 2017

Python for Scientific Computing journal, January 2007

Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei. II. Calibration of the Black Hole Mass–Velocity Dispersion Relationship for Active Galactic Nuclei journal, November 2004

Disk-Accretion onto a Black Hole. Time-Averaged Structure of Accretion Disk journal, July 1974

Modelling reverberation mapping data – II. Dynamical modelling of the Lick AGN Monitoring Project 2008 data set journal, October 2014

Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. V. Optical Spectroscopic Campaign and Emission-line Analysis for NGC 5548 journal, March 2017

Characteristic QSO Accretion Disk Temperatures from Spectroscopic Continuum Variability journal, May 2006

Reverberation mapping of active galactic nuclei journal, March 1993

Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes journal, May 2013

Central Masses and Broad‐Line Region Sizes of Active Galactic Nuclei. II. A Homogeneous Analysis of a Large Reverberation‐Mapping Database journal, October 2004

Black Hole Models for Active Galactic Nuclei journal, September 1984

On the size and Location of the X-Ray Emitting Coronae Around Black Holes journal, May 2013

Fluorescent iron lines as a probe of astrophysical black hole systems journal, April 2003

The Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope journal, October 2005

Updating quasar bolometric luminosity corrections: Updating quasar bolometric corrections journal, February 2012

The Seventh data Release of the Sloan Digital sky Survey
journal, May 2009

Slim accretion disks
journal, September 1988

A Method for Optimal Image Subtraction
journal, August 1998

Correlated X-ray/optical variability in the quasar MR 2251−178
journal, September 2008

Correlation and time delays of the X-ray and optical emission of the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 3783
journal, August 2009

Astropy: A community Python package for astronomy
journal, September 2013

Instability, turbulence, and enhanced transport in accretion disks
journal, January 1998

Accretion disk Dynamo as the Trigger for X-Ray Binary State Transitions
journal, August 2015

Magnetically elevated accretion discs in active galactic nuclei: broad emission-line regions and associated star formation
journal, October 2016

Sizes and Temperature Profiles of Quasar Accretion Disks from Chromatic Microlensing
journal, February 2011

General Overview of Black Hole Accretion Theory
journal, May 2013

Reverberation mapping of the emission line regions of Seyfert galaxies and quasars
journal, April 1982

Long-term optical and X-ray variability of the Seyfert galaxy Markarian 79
journal, March 2009

Twelve years of X-ray and optical variability in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4051: X-ray/optical variability in NGC 4051
journal, February 2010

The Centurion 18 telescope of the Wise Observatory
journal, February 2008

Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
journal, September 2013

Ultraviolet and X-ray variability of active galactic nuclei with Swift
journal, September 2016

Quasi-Stellar Objects
journal, September 1967

The Swift X-Ray Telescope
journal, October 2005

Testing thermal reprocessing in active galactic nuclei accretion discs
journal, August 2007

Active galactic nuclei at z ∼ 1.5 – I. Spectral energy distribution and accretion discs
journal, December 2014

Steps toward Determination of the Size and Structure of the Broad‐Line Region in Active Galactic Nuclei. XIV. Intensive Optical Spectrophotometric Observations of NGC 7469
journal, June 1998

The emission lines of quasars and similar objects
journal, October 1979

SPACE TELESCOPE AND OPTICAL REVERBERATION MAPPING PROJECT. I. ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS OF THE SEYFERT 1 GALAXY NGC 5548 WITH THE COSMIC ORIGINS SPECTROGRAPH ON HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE
journal, June 2015

Swift Monitoring of NGC 4151: Evidence for a Second X-Ray/UV Reprocessing
journal, May 2017

SPACE TELESCOPE AND OPTICAL REVERBERATION MAPPING PROJECT. II. SWIFT AND HST REVERBERATION MAPPING OF THE ACCRETION DISK OF NGC 5548
journal, June 2015

Atlas of quasar energy distributions
journal, November 1994

A New Approach to the Internal Calibration of Reverberation-Mapping Spectra
journal, January 2017

Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. iii. Optical Continuum Emission and Broadband time Delays in ngc 5548
journal, April 2016

Reverberation Mapping of Optical Emission Lines in Five Active Galaxies
journal, May 2017

The origin of the UV/optical lags in NGC 5548
journal, April 2017

The accuracy of cross-correlation estimates of quasar emission-line region sizes
journal, September 1987

Direct probe of the inner accretion flow around the supermassive black hole in NGC 2617
journal, January 2017

Long-term monitoring of Ark 120 with Swift
journal, October 2016

Interpreting broad emission-line variations – I. Factors influencing the emission-line response
journal, August 2014

A two-phase model for the X-ray emission from Seyfert galaxies
journal, October 1991

Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment
journal, January 2007

Detection of Time Lags between Quasar Continuum Emission Bands Based On Pan-STARRS Light Curves
journal, February 2017

Radiation Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of the Formation of hot Accretion disk Coronae
journal, March 2014

The Average size and Temperature Profile of Quasar Accretion Disks
journal, February 2014

The characteristic blue spectra of accretion disks in quasars as uncovered in the infrared
journal, July 2008

The buried Balmer-edge signatures from quasars
journal, November 2004

Constraints on the temperature inhomogeneity in quasar accretion discs from the ultraviolet-optical spectral variability
journal, March 2015

The relationship between variable and polarized optical spectral components of luminous type 1 non-blazar quasars
journal, May 2016

The Variable Diffuse Continuum Emission of Broad‐Line Clouds
journal, June 2001

Limitations on the recovery of the true AGN variability parameters using damped random walk modeling
journal, January 2017

Ultraviolet variability of NGC 5548 - Dynamics of the continuum production region and geometry of the broad-line region
journal, April 1991

The Discovery of the First “Changing Look” Quasar: new Insights into the Physics and Phenomenology of Active Galactic Nuclei
journal, February 2015

Long-term monitoring of the archetype Seyfert galaxy MCG-6-30-15: X-ray, optical and near-IR variability of the corona, disc and torus
journal, September 2015

Transonic Black Hole Accretion Disks: A Unified Model for Optically Thin and Thick Disks
journal, May 1998

A systematic search for changing-look quasars in SDSS
journal, January 2016

X-Ray versus Optical Variations in the Seyfert 1 Nucleus NGC 3516: A Puzzling Disconnectedness
journal, October 2002

Correlated X‐Ray and Optical Variability in Markarian 509
journal, April 2008

Swift monitoring of NGC 5548: X-ray reprocessing and short-term UV/optical variability
journal, August 2014

The origin of UV-optical variability in AGN and test of disc models: XMM- Newton and ground-based observations of NGC 4395 : The origin of UV-optical variability in AGN and test of disc models: XMM-
journal, May 2016

The Quasar Accretion disk Size-Black hole mass Relation
journal, March 2010

The Structure of the X-Ray and Optical Emitting Regions of the Lensed Quasar q 2237+0305
journal, May 2013

Advection-dominated Accretion: Underfed Black Holes and Neutron Stars
journal, October 1995

On the Bardeen–Petterson effect in black hole accretion discs
journal, February 2015

AGN Dusty Tori. II. Observational Implications of Clumpiness
journal, September 2008

Radiative Efficiency and Thermal Spectrum of Accretion onto Schwarzschild Black Holes
journal, November 2011

The curtain remains open: NGC 2617 continues in a high state
journal, January 2017

Python for Scientific Computing
journal, January 2007

Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei. II. Calibration of the Black Hole Mass–Velocity Dispersion Relationship for Active Galactic Nuclei
journal, November 2004

Disk-Accretion onto a Black Hole. Time-Averaged Structure of Accretion Disk
journal, July 1974

Modelling reverberation mapping data – II. Dynamical modelling of the Lick AGN Monitoring Project 2008 data set
journal, October 2014

Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. V. Optical Spectroscopic Campaign and Emission-line Analysis for NGC 5548
journal, March 2017

Characteristic QSO Accretion Disk Temperatures from Spectroscopic Continuum Variability
journal, May 2006

Reverberation mapping of active galactic nuclei
journal, March 1993

Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes
journal, May 2013

Central Masses and Broad‐Line Region Sizes of Active Galactic Nuclei. II. A Homogeneous Analysis of a Large Reverberation‐Mapping Database
journal, October 2004

Black Hole Models for Active Galactic Nuclei
journal, September 1984

On the size and Location of the X-Ray Emitting Coronae Around Black Holes
journal, May 2013

Fluorescent iron lines as a probe of astrophysical black hole systems
journal, April 2003

The Swift Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope
journal, October 2005

Updating quasar bolometric luminosity corrections: Updating quasar bolometric corrections
journal, February 2012

Now you see it, now you don't: the disappearing central engine of the quasar J1011+5442
journal, November 2015

Thin accretion discs are stabilized by a strong magnetic field
journal, April 2016

Photon-conserving Comptonization in simulations of accretion discs around black holes
journal, October 2015

Numerical simulations of super-critical black hole accretion flows in general relativity
journal, January 2014