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Title: Low-lying excited states by constrained DFT

Abstract

Exploiting the machinery of Constrained Density Functional Theory (CDFT), we propose a variational method for calculating low-lying excited states of molecular systems. We dub this method eXcited CDFT (XCDFT). Excited states are obtained by self-consistently constraining a user-defined population of electrons, Nc, in the virtual space of a reference set of occupied orbitals. By imposing this population to be Nc = 1.0, we computed the first excited state of 15 molecules from a test set. Our results show that XCDFT achieves an accuracy in the predicted excitation energy only slightly worse than linear-response time-dependent DFT (TDDFT), but without incurring into problems of variational collapse typical of the more commonly adopted ΔSCF method. In addition, we selected a few challenging processes to test the limits of applicability of XCDFT. We find that in contrast to TDDFT, XCDFT is capable of reproducing energy surfaces featuring conical intersections (azobenzene and H3) with correct topology and correct overall energetics also away from the intersection. Venturing to condensed-phase systems, XCDFT reproduces the TDDFT solvatochromic shift of benzaldehyde when it is embedded by a cluster of water molecules. Finally, we find XCDFT to be a competitive method among single-reference methods for computations of excited states inmore » terms of time to solution, rate of convergence, and accuracy of the result.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
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  1. Rutgers Univ., Newark, NJ (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1540161
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1432581
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0018343
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Chemical Physics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 148; Journal Issue: 14; Journal ID: ISSN 0021-9606
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; chemistry; physics

Citation Formats

Ramos, Pablo, and Pavanello, Michele. Low-lying excited states by constrained DFT. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1063/1.5018615.
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Ramos, Pablo, & Pavanello, Michele. Low-lying excited states by constrained DFT. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5018615
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Ramos, Pablo, and Pavanello, Michele. Tue . "Low-lying excited states by constrained DFT". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5018615. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1540161.
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@article{osti_1540161,
title = {Low-lying excited states by constrained DFT},
author = {Ramos, Pablo and Pavanello, Michele},
abstractNote = {Exploiting the machinery of Constrained Density Functional Theory (CDFT), we propose a variational method for calculating low-lying excited states of molecular systems. We dub this method eXcited CDFT (XCDFT). Excited states are obtained by self-consistently constraining a user-defined population of electrons, Nc, in the virtual space of a reference set of occupied orbitals. By imposing this population to be Nc = 1.0, we computed the first excited state of 15 molecules from a test set. Our results show that XCDFT achieves an accuracy in the predicted excitation energy only slightly worse than linear-response time-dependent DFT (TDDFT), but without incurring into problems of variational collapse typical of the more commonly adopted ΔSCF method. In addition, we selected a few challenging processes to test the limits of applicability of XCDFT. We find that in contrast to TDDFT, XCDFT is capable of reproducing energy surfaces featuring conical intersections (azobenzene and H3) with correct topology and correct overall energetics also away from the intersection. Venturing to condensed-phase systems, XCDFT reproduces the TDDFT solvatochromic shift of benzaldehyde when it is embedded by a cluster of water molecules. Finally, we find XCDFT to be a competitive method among single-reference methods for computations of excited states in terms of time to solution, rate of convergence, and accuracy of the result.},
doi = {10.1063/1.5018615},
journal = {Journal of Chemical Physics},
number = 14,
volume = 148,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {4}
}
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Erratum: “Low-lying excited states by constrained DFT” [J. Chem. Phys. 148, 144103 (2018)]
    journal, March 2020

    • Ramos, Pablo; Pavanello, Michele
    • The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 152, Issue 10
    • DOI: 10.1063/5.0004729

    Modeling nonadiabatic dynamics in condensed matter materials: some recent advances and applications
    journal, November 2019

    • Smith, Brendan; Akimov, Alexey V.
    • Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 32, Issue 7
    • DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab5246

    Beyond the one-dimensional configuration coordinate model of photoluminescence
    journal, October 2019

    Beyond the one-dimensional configuration coordinate model of photoluminescence
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