Thermodynamic Constraints on the Size Distributions of Tropical Clouds

Garrett, Timothy J.; Glenn, Ian B.; Krueger, Steven K.

doi:10.1029/2018jd028803

Title: Thermodynamic Constraints on the Size Distributions of Tropical Clouds

Abstract

Tropical convective clouds evolve over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, which makes them difficult to simulate numerically. Here we propose that cloud statistical properties can be derived within a simplified time-independent coordinate system of cloud number n, saturated static energy h^★, and cloud perimeter λ. Under the constraint that circulations around cloud edge compete with each other for total buoyant energy and air, we show that the product of cloud number and cloud perimeter nλ is invariant with λ and that cloud number follows a negative exponential with respect to cloud-edge deviations of h^★; with respect to the mean. Overall, the summed perimeter of all clouds scales as the square root of the atmospheric static stability. These theoretical results suggest that the complexity of cloud field structures can be viewed statistically as an emergent property of atmospheric bulk thermodynamics. Comparison with a detailed tropical cloud field simulation shows general agreement to within ≤13%. For the sake of developing hypotheses about cloud temporal evolution that are testable in high resolution simulations, the shapes of tropical cloud perimeter distributions are predicted to be invariant as climate warms, although with a modest increase in total cloud amount.

Authors:

^[1];

^[1]

Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)

Publication Date:: 2018-07-23

Research Org.:: Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1539761

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0016282

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 123; Journal Issue: 16; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-897X

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Citation Formats


                    Garrett, Timothy J., Glenn, Ian B., and Krueger, Steven K. Thermodynamic Constraints on the Size Distributions of Tropical Clouds.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
        Web.  doi:10.1029/2018jd028803.

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                    Garrett, Timothy J., Glenn, Ian B., & Krueger, Steven K. Thermodynamic Constraints on the Size Distributions of Tropical Clouds.  United States.  doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd028803

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                    Garrett, Timothy J., Glenn, Ian B., and Krueger, Steven K. Mon .  
        "Thermodynamic Constraints on the Size Distributions of Tropical Clouds".  United States.  doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd028803.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1539761.

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@article{osti_1539761,

  title        = {Thermodynamic Constraints on the Size Distributions of Tropical Clouds},

  author       = {Garrett, Timothy J. and Glenn, Ian B. and Krueger, Steven K.},

  abstractNote = {Tropical convective clouds evolve over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, which makes them difficult to simulate numerically. Here we propose that cloud statistical properties can be derived within a simplified time-independent coordinate system of cloud number n, saturated static energy h★, and cloud perimeter λ. Under the constraint that circulations around cloud edge compete with each other for total buoyant energy and air, we show that the product of cloud number and cloud perimeter nλ is invariant with λ and that cloud number follows a negative exponential with respect to cloud-edge deviations of h★; with respect to the mean. Overall, the summed perimeter of all clouds scales as the square root of the atmospheric static stability. These theoretical results suggest that the complexity of cloud field structures can be viewed statistically as an emergent property of atmospheric bulk thermodynamics. Comparison with a detailed tropical cloud field simulation shows general agreement to within ≤13%. For the sake of developing hypotheses about cloud temporal evolution that are testable in high resolution simulations, the shapes of tropical cloud perimeter distributions are predicted to be invariant as climate warms, although with a modest increase in total cloud amount.},

  doi          = {10.1029/2018jd028803},

  journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},

  number       = 16,

  volume       = 123,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {7}

}

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd028803

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Title: Thermodynamic Constraints on the Size Distributions of Tropical Clouds

Abstract

Citation Formats

The Theory of Hurricanes journal, January 1991

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Water's two height scales: The moist adiabat and the radiative troposphere journal, October 2001

Cumulus Cloud Field Morphology and Spatial Patterns Derived from High Spatial Resolution Landsat Imagery journal, December 1990

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Tropical anvil clouds and climate sensitivity journal, August 2016

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Cumulonimbus Vertical Velocity Events in GATE. Part I: Diameter, Intensity and Mass Flux journal, November 1980

Cloud Feedbacks in the Climate System: A Critical Review journal, January 2005

A Stochastic Mixing Model for Nonprecipitating Cumulus Clouds journal, November 1986

Downdrafts in the near cloud environment of deep convective updrafts: Deep Convection Subsiding Shells journal, January 2014

Simple approximations for condensational growth journal, January 2009

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Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipf's law journal, September 2005

Interaction of a Cumulus Cloud Ensemble with the Large-Scale Environment, Part I journal, April 1974

A new convective cloud field model based on principles of self-organisation journal, January 2005

Atmospheric Diffusion Shown on a Distance-Neighbour Graph journal, April 1926

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Area-Perimeter Relation for Rain and Cloud Areas journal, April 1982

Subsiding Shells around Shallow Cumulus Clouds journal, March 2008

Improvements of an Ice-Phase Microphysics Parameterization for Use in Numerical Simulations of Tropical Convection journal, January 1995

The Distribution of Cloud Horizontal Sizes journal, September 2011

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Methods for Estimating 2D Cloud Size Distributions from 1D Observations journal, October 2017

Scaling laws predict global microbial diversity journal, May 2016

Interaction of a Cumulus Cloud Ensemble with the Large-Scale Environment. Part II journal, December 1980

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The Spherical Harmonics Discrete Ordinate Method for Three-Dimensional Atmospheric Radiative Transfer journal, February 1998

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Modeling Entrainment and Finescale Mixing in Cumulus Clouds journal, December 1997

Neuronal Oscillations in Cortical Networks journal, June 2004

Dynamics of the Cumulus Cloud Margin: An Observational Study journal, December 2009

First-Passage-Time Prototypes for Precipitation Statistics journal, September 2014

Size Distributions of Hydrometeors: Analysis with the Maximum Entropy Principle journal, January 2016

The Theory of Hurricanes
journal, January 1991

Large-scale length and time-scales for use with stochastic convective parametrization
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Water's two height scales: The moist adiabat and the radiative troposphere
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Cumulus Cloud Field Morphology and Spatial Patterns Derived from High Spatial Resolution Landsat Imagery
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Clustering, randomness, and regularity in cloud fields: 5. The nature of regular cumulus cloud fields
journal, May 1998

Mixing in Shallow Cumulus Clouds Studied by Lagrangian Particle Tracking
journal, August 2008

Tropical anvil clouds and climate sensitivity
journal, August 2016

Natural Convection as a Heat Engine: A Theory for CAPE
journal, February 1996

Scaling of tropical-cyclone dissipation
journal, July 2010

Cumulonimbus Vertical Velocity Events in GATE. Part I: Diameter, Intensity and Mass Flux
journal, November 1980

Cloud Feedbacks in the Climate System: A Critical Review
journal, January 2005

A Stochastic Mixing Model for Nonprecipitating Cumulus Clouds
journal, November 1986

Downdrafts in the near cloud environment of deep convective updrafts: Deep Convection Subsiding Shells
journal, January 2014

Simple approximations for condensational growth
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Observational validation of the compensating mass flux through the shell around cumulus clouds
journal, January 2009

Power laws, Pareto distributions and Zipf's law
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Interaction of a Cumulus Cloud Ensemble with the Large-Scale Environment, Part I
journal, April 1974

A new convective cloud field model based on principles of self-organisation
journal, January 2005

Atmospheric Diffusion Shown on a Distance-Neighbour Graph
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Conditional Instability of the First Kind Upside-Down
journal, January 1980

Area-Perimeter Relation for Rain and Cloud Areas
journal, April 1982

Subsiding Shells around Shallow Cumulus Clouds
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Improvements of an Ice-Phase Microphysics Parameterization for Use in Numerical Simulations of Tropical Convection
journal, January 1995

The Distribution of Cloud Horizontal Sizes
journal, September 2011

Cloud macroscopic organization: order emerging from randomness
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On the size distribution of cloud holes in stratocumulus and their relationship to cloud-top entrainment: ENTRAINMENT IN STRATOCUMLUS CLOUD HOLES
journal, May 2013

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journal, February 1998

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