Archie's Saturation Exponent for Natural Gas Hydrate in Coarse-Grained Reservoirs
Abstract
Accurately quantifying the amount of naturally occurring gas hydrate in marine and permafrost environments is important for assessing its resource potential and understanding the role of gas hydrate in the global carbon cycle. Electrical resistivity well logs are often used to calculate gas hydrate saturations, Sh, using Archie's equation. Archie's equation, in turn, relies on an empirical saturation parameter, n. Though n = 1.9 has been measured for ice–bearing sands and is widely used within the hydrate community, it is highly questionable if this n value is appropriate for hydrate–bearing sands. In this work, we calibrate n for hydrate–bearing sands from the Canadian permafrost gas hydrate research well, Mallik 5L–38, by establishing an independent downhole Sh profile based on compressional–wave velocity log data. Using the independently determined Sh profile and colocated electrical resistivity and bulk density logs, Archie's saturation equation is solved for n, and uncertainty is tracked throughout the iterative process. In addition to the Mallik 5L–38 well, we also apply this method to two marine, coarse–grained reservoirs from the northern Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project: Walker Ridge 313–H and Green Canyon 955–H. All locations yield similar results, each suggesting n ≈ 2.5 ± 0.5. Furthermore,more »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2]
- The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)
- U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, MA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1537315
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1425505
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FE0023919
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 123; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-9313
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 58 GEOSCIENCES; Geochemistry & Geophysics; gas hydrate; resistivity; velocity; hydrate saturation; Mallik; Gulf of Mexico
Citation Formats
Cook, Ann E., and Waite, William F. Archie's Saturation Exponent for Natural Gas Hydrate in Coarse-Grained Reservoirs. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1002/2017jb015138.
Cook, Ann E., & Waite, William F. Archie's Saturation Exponent for Natural Gas Hydrate in Coarse-Grained Reservoirs. United States. doi:10.1002/2017jb015138.
Cook, Ann E., and Waite, William F. Sat .
"Archie's Saturation Exponent for Natural Gas Hydrate in Coarse-Grained Reservoirs". United States. doi:10.1002/2017jb015138. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1537315.
@article{osti_1537315,
title = {Archie's Saturation Exponent for Natural Gas Hydrate in Coarse-Grained Reservoirs},
author = {Cook, Ann E. and Waite, William F.},
abstractNote = {Accurately quantifying the amount of naturally occurring gas hydrate in marine and permafrost environments is important for assessing its resource potential and understanding the role of gas hydrate in the global carbon cycle. Electrical resistivity well logs are often used to calculate gas hydrate saturations, Sh, using Archie's equation. Archie's equation, in turn, relies on an empirical saturation parameter, n. Though n = 1.9 has been measured for ice–bearing sands and is widely used within the hydrate community, it is highly questionable if this n value is appropriate for hydrate–bearing sands. In this work, we calibrate n for hydrate–bearing sands from the Canadian permafrost gas hydrate research well, Mallik 5L–38, by establishing an independent downhole Sh profile based on compressional–wave velocity log data. Using the independently determined Sh profile and colocated electrical resistivity and bulk density logs, Archie's saturation equation is solved for n, and uncertainty is tracked throughout the iterative process. In addition to the Mallik 5L–38 well, we also apply this method to two marine, coarse–grained reservoirs from the northern Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project: Walker Ridge 313–H and Green Canyon 955–H. All locations yield similar results, each suggesting n ≈ 2.5 ± 0.5. Furthermore, for the coarse–grained hydrate bearing (Sh > 0.4) of greatest interest as potential energy resources, we suggest that n = 2.5 ± 0.5 should be applied in Archie's equation for either marine or permafrost gas hydrate settings if independent estimates of n are not available.},
doi = {10.1002/2017jb015138},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth},
number = 3,
volume = 123,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {2}
}
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Cited by: 4 works
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Figures / Tables:
Figure 1: The location of the permafrost Mallik Gas Hydrate Production Research Well, Mallik 5L-38, in Northwest Territories, Canada, and two marine wells from the 2009 Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project: JIP2 WR313-H and JIP2 GC955-H. Bathymetry source: Esri (ArcGIS).
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Works referenced in this record:
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Influence of methane hydrate content on electrical sediment properties
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Electrical conductivity in shaly sands with geophysical applications
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Pressure core based study of gas hydrates in the Ulleung Basin and implication for geomechanical controls on gas hydrate occurrence
journal, November 2013
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Electrical properties of polycrystalline methane hydrate: ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANE HYDRATE
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Porosity/formation-factor relationships for high-porosity siliciclastic sediments from Amazon Fan
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Visual observation of gas-hydrate formation and dissociation in synthetic porous media by means of glass micromodels
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On the relationship between microstructure and electrical and hydraulic properties of sand-clay mixtures
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Seismic properties of pore fluids
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Natural gas hydrate deposits: a review of in situ properties
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Rising Arctic Ocean temperatures cause gas hydrate destabilization and ocean acidification: ARCTIC OCEAN GAS HYDRATES
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A self‐similar model for sedimentary rocks with application to the dielectric constant of fused glass beads
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Solvent Structure, Dynamics, and Ion Mobility in Aqueous Solutions at 25 °C
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Methane hydrate formation in partially water-saturated Ottawa sand
journal, August 2004
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Mechanical properties of sand, silt, and clay containing tetrahydrofuran hydrate: MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF HYDRATE-BEARING SEDIMENTS
journal, April 2007
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Effect of methane hydrate morphology on compressional wave velocity of sandy sediments: Analysis of pressure cores obtained in the Eastern Nankai Trough
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Electrical anisotropy of gas hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico
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The dielectric constant of sandstones, 60 kHz to 4 MHz
journal, May 1987
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Geologic implications of gas hydrates in the offshore of India: Results of the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01
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Comparison of methane mass balance and X-ray computed tomographic methods for calculation of gas hydrate content of pressure cores
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Dielectric-Independent 2-MHz Propagation Resistivities
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Parametric study of the physical properties of hydrate-bearing sand, silt, and clay sediments: 2. Small-strain mechanical properties
journal, January 2010
- Lee, J. Y.; Francisca, F. M.; Santamarina, J. C.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 115, Issue B11
Subsurface gas hydrates in the northern Gulf of Mexico
journal, June 2012
- Boswell, Ray; Collett, Timothy S.; Frye, Matthew
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 34, Issue 1
Compressional and shear wave velocities in uncemented sediment containing gas hydrate
journal, January 2005
- Yun, T. S.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 10
Microstructural evolution of gas hydrates in sedimentary matrices observed with synchrotron X-ray computed tomographic microscopy: MICROSTRUCTRE OF GAS HYDRATES
journal, June 2015
- Chaouachi, Marwen; Falenty, Andrzej; Sell, Kathleen
- Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Vol. 16, Issue 6
A blast of gas in the latest Paleocene: Simulating first-order effects of massive dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate
journal, January 1997
- Dickens, Gerald R.; Castillo, Maria M.; Walker, James C. G.
- Geology, Vol. 25, Issue 3
Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II: Initial Results from the Green Canyon 955 Site
conference, April 2013
- McConnell, Daniel Russell; Collett, Timothy Scott; Boswell, Ray
- Offshore Technology Conference
Images of the Base of Gas Hydrate Stability, Northwest Walker Ridge, Gulf of Mexico
conference, April 2013
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Works referencing / citing this record:
Physical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments
journal, January 2009
- Waite, W. F.; Santamarina, J. C.; Cortes, D. D.
- Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 47, Issue 4
Comparison of methane mass balance and X-ray computed tomographic methods for calculation of gas hydrate content of pressure cores
journal, December 2014
- Holland, Melanie; Schultheiss, Peter
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 58
Direct measurement of in situ methane quantities in a large gas-hydrate reservoir
journal, January 1997
- Dickens, Gerald R.; Paull, Charles K.; Wallace, Paul
- Nature, Vol. 385, Issue 6615
Hydro-bio-geomechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments from Nankai Trough
journal, September 2015
- Santamarina, J. C.; Dai, S.; Terzariol, M.
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 66
Resistivity‐porosity‐particle shape relationships for marine sands
journal, October 1978
- Jackson, P. D.; Smith, D. Taylor; Stanford, P. N.
- GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 43, Issue 6
Sublacustrine mud volcanoes and methane seeps caused by dissociation of gas hydrates in Lake Baikal
journal, January 2002
- Rensbergen, P. Van; De Batist, M.; Klerkx, J.
- Geology, Vol. 30, Issue 7
Elasticity of high‐porosity sandstones: Theory for two North Sea data sets
journal, September 1996
- Dvorkin, Jack; Nur, Amos
- GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 61, Issue 5
Gas hydrate occurrence from pore water chlorinity and downhole logs in a transect across the northern Cascadia margin (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 311): GAS HYDRATE ACROSS THE CASCADIA MARGIN
journal, August 2008
- Malinverno, A.; Kastner, M.; Torres, M. E.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 113, Issue B8
Electrical Conductivities in Oil-Bearing Shaly Sands
journal, June 1968
- Waxman, M. H.; Smits, L. J. M.
- Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, Vol. 8, Issue 02
The interaction of climate change and methane hydrates: Climate-Hydrates Interactions
journal, February 2017
- Ruppel, Carolyn D.; Kessler, John D.
- Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 55, Issue 1
A blast of gas in the latest Paleocene: Simulating first-order effects of massive dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate
journal, January 1997
- Dickens, Gerald R.; Castillo, Maria M.; Walker, James C. G.
- Geology, Vol. 25, Issue 3
Methane hydrate stability and anthropogenic climate change
journal, January 2007
- Archer, D.
- Biogeosciences, Vol. 4, Issue 4
Mechanical properties of sand, silt, and clay containing tetrahydrofuran hydrate: MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF HYDRATE-BEARING SEDIMENTS
journal, April 2007
- Yun, T. S.; Santamarina, J. C.; Ruppel, C.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 112, Issue B4
Visual observation of gas-hydrate formation and dissociation in synthetic porous media by means of glass micromodels
journal, January 2001
- Tohidi, Bahman; Anderson, Ross; Clennell, M. Ben
- Geology, Vol. 29, Issue 9
Formation history and physical properties of sediments from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope
journal, February 2011
- Dai, Sheng; Lee, Changho; Carlos Santamarina, J.
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 28, Issue 2
Electrical conductivity in shaly sands with geophysical applications
journal, October 1998
- Revil, A.; Cathles, L. M.; Losh, S.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 103, Issue B10
Effect of Wettability on the Electrical Resistivity of Carbonate rock from a Petroleum Reservoir
journal, May 1960
- Sweeney, S. A.; Jennings, H. Y.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 64, Issue 5
Scientific results of the Second Gas Hydrate Drilling Expedition in the Ulleung Basin (UBGH2)
journal, November 2013
- Ryu, Byong-Jae; Collett, Timothy S.; Riedel, Michael
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 47
Effect of methane hydrate morphology on compressional wave velocity of sandy sediments: Analysis of pressure cores obtained in the Eastern Nankai Trough
journal, September 2015
- Konno, Yoshihiro; Jin, Yusuke; Yoneda, Jun
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 66
Imaging methane hydrates growth dynamics in porous media using synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography
journal, December 2014
- Kerkar, Prasad B.; Horvat, Kristine; Jones, Keith W.
- Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Vol. 15, Issue 12
Geologic implications of gas hydrates in the offshore of India: Results of the National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01
journal, December 2014
- Collett, Timothy S.; Boswell, Ray; Cochran, James R.
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 58
Solvent Structure, Dynamics, and Ion Mobility in Aqueous Solutions at 25 °C
journal, May 1998
- Koneshan, S.; Rasaiah, Jayendran C.; Lynden-Bell, R. M.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 102, Issue 21
Electrical anisotropy of gas hydrate-bearing sand reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico
journal, June 2012
- Cook, Ann E.; Anderson, Barbara I.; Rasmus, John
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 34, Issue 1
Parametric study of the physical properties of hydrate-bearing sand, silt, and clay sediments: 2. Small-strain mechanical properties
journal, January 2010
- Lee, J. Y.; Francisca, F. M.; Santamarina, J. C.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 115, Issue B11
Microstructural evolution of gas hydrates in sedimentary matrices observed with synchrotron X-ray computed tomographic microscopy: MICROSTRUCTRE OF GAS HYDRATES
journal, June 2015
- Chaouachi, Marwen; Falenty, Andrzej; Sell, Kathleen
- Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Vol. 16, Issue 6
Porosity/formation-factor relationships for high-porosity siliciclastic sediments from Amazon Fan
journal, July 1998
- Erickson, Stephanie N.; Jarrard, Richard D.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 25, Issue 13
Methane hydrate formation in partially water-saturated Ottawa sand
journal, August 2004
- Waite *, W. F.; Winters, W. J.; Mason, D. H.
- American Mineralogist, Vol. 89, Issue 8-9
In-situ gas hydrate hydrate saturation estimated from various well logs at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope
journal, February 2011
- Lee, M. W.; Collett, T. S.
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 28, Issue 2
Ionic Double-Layer Conductivity in Reservoir Rock
journal, May 1953
- Winsauer, W. O.; McCardell, W. M.
- Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 5, Issue 05
Evaluation of gas hydrate deposits in an active seep area using marine controlled source electromagnetics: Results from Opouawe Bank, Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand
journal, July 2010
- Schwalenberg, Katrin; Haeckel, Matthias; Poort, Jeffrey
- Marine Geology, Vol. 272, Issue 1-4
Operational overview of the first offshore production test of methane hydrates in the Eastern Nankai Trough
conference, May 2014
- Yamamoto, Koji; Terao, Yoshihiro; Fujii, Tesuya
- Offshore Technology Conference
A self‐similar model for sedimentary rocks with application to the dielectric constant of fused glass beads
journal, May 1981
- Sen, P. N.; Scala, C.; Cohen, M. H.
- GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 46, Issue 5
Electrical conductivity, induced polarization, and permeability of the Fontainebleau sandstone
journal, September 2014
- Revil, André; Kessouri, Pauline; Torres-Verdín, Carlos
- GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 79, Issue 5
Seismic properties of pore fluids
journal, November 1992
- Batzle, Michael; Wang, Zhijing
- GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 57, Issue 11
Laboratory formation of noncementing hydrates in sandy sediments
journal, April 2014
- Choi, Jeong-Hoon; Dai, Sheng; Cha, Jong-Ho
- Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Vol. 15, Issue 4
Compressional and shear wave velocities in uncemented sediment containing gas hydrate
journal, January 2005
- Yun, T. S.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 10
Electrical properties of polycrystalline methane hydrate: ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANE HYDRATE
journal, May 2011
- Du Frane, Wyatt L.; Stern, Laura A.; Weitemeyer, Karen A.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 38, Issue 9
Dielectric-Independent 2-MHz Propagation Resistivities
conference, April 2013
- Wu, Peter T.; Lovell, John R.; Clark, Brian
- SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition
The Global Inventory of Methane Hydrate in Marine Sediments: A Theoretical Approach
journal, July 2012
- Wallmann, Klaus; Pinero, Elena; Burwicz, Ewa
- Energies, Vol. 5, Issue 7
Subsurface gas hydrates in the northern Gulf of Mexico
journal, June 2012
- Boswell, Ray; Collett, Timothy S.; Frye, Matthew
- Marine and Petroleum Geology, Vol. 34, Issue 1
Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II: Initial Results from the Green Canyon 955 Site
conference, April 2013
- McConnell, Daniel Russell; Collett, Timothy Scott; Boswell, Ray
- Offshore Technology Conference
Natural gas hydrate deposits: a review of in situ properties
journal, October 1983
- Pearson, C. F.; Halleck, P. M.; McGuire, P. L.
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 87, Issue 21
Influence of gas hydrate morphology on the seismic velocities of sands: VELOCITY OF HYDRATE-BEARING SANDS
journal, November 2009
- Priest, Jeffrey A.; Rees, Emily V. L.; Clayton, Christopher R. I.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 114, Issue B11
Influence of methane hydrate content on electrical sediment properties
journal, January 2006
- Spangenberg, Erik; Kulenkampff, Johannes
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 33, Issue 24
Critical porosity: A key to relating physical properties to porosity in rocks
journal, March 1998
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Wettability Literature Survey-Part 3: The Effects of Wettability on the Electrical Properties of Porous Media
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Current perspectives on gas hydrate resources
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Constraints on Gas Hydrate Distribution and Morphology in Vestnesa Ridge, Western Svalbard Margin, Using Multicomponent Ocean‐Bottom Seismic Data
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Factors Controlling Short‐Range Methane Migration of Gas Hydrate Accumulations in Thin Coarse‐Grained Layers
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Detection of Gas Hydrates in Faults Using Azimuthal Seismic Velocity Analysis, Vestnesa Ridge, W‐Svalbard Margin
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Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.