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Title: Long range electrostatic forces in ionic liquids

Abstract

Ionic liquids are pure salts that are liquid under ambient conditions. As liquids composed solely of ions, the scientific consensus has been that ionic liquids have exceedingly high ionic strengths and thus very short Debye screening lengths. However, several recent experiments from laboratories around the world have reported data for the approach of two surfaces separated by ionic liquids which revealed remarkable long range forces that appear to be electrostatic in origin. Evidence has accumulated demonstrating long range surface forces for several different combinations of ionic liquids and electrically charged surfaces, as well as for concentrated mixtures of inorganic salts in solvent. The original interpretation of these forces, that ionic liquids could be envisioned as “dilute electrolytes,” was controversial, and the origin of long range forces in ionic liquids remains the subject of discussion. Here we seek to collate and examine the evidence for long range surface forces in ionic liquids, identify key outstanding questions, and explore possible mechanisms underlying the origin of these long range forces. Long range surface forces in ionic liquids and other highly concentrated electrolytes hold diverse implications from designing ionic liquids for energy storage applications to rationalizing electrostatic correlations in biological self-assembly.

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4]; ORCiD logo [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [3];  [2]; ORCiD logo [9]
  1. Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
  2. Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom)
  3. Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
  4. Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
  5. Univ. of Sydney, NSW (Australia)
  6. Univ. of Montreal, QC (Canada)
  7. Max Planck Institut fur Eisenforschung GmbH, Dusseldorf (Germany)
  8. KTH Royal Inst. of Technology, Stockholm (Sweden); SP Chemistry Materials and Surfaces, Stockholm (Sweden)
  9. The University of Newcastle (Australia)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; The Leverhulme Trust; European Research Council (ERC); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); Australian Research Council (ARC); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); The Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
OSTI Identifier:
1535110
Grant/Contract Number:  
FG02-87ER45331; 676861 LIQUISWITCH
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
ChemComm
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 53; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 1359-7345
Publisher:
Royal Society of Chemistry
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Chemistry

Citation Formats

Gebbie, Matthew A., Smith, Alexander M., Dobbs, Howard A., Lee, Alpha A., Warr, Gregory G., Banquy, Xavier, Valtiner, Markus, Rutland, Mark W., Israelachvili, Jacob N., Perkin, Susan, and Atkin, Rob. Long range electrostatic forces in ionic liquids. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1039/c6cc08820a.
Gebbie, Matthew A., Smith, Alexander M., Dobbs, Howard A., Lee, Alpha A., Warr, Gregory G., Banquy, Xavier, Valtiner, Markus, Rutland, Mark W., Israelachvili, Jacob N., Perkin, Susan, & Atkin, Rob. Long range electrostatic forces in ionic liquids. United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cc08820a
Gebbie, Matthew A., Smith, Alexander M., Dobbs, Howard A., Lee, Alpha A., Warr, Gregory G., Banquy, Xavier, Valtiner, Markus, Rutland, Mark W., Israelachvili, Jacob N., Perkin, Susan, and Atkin, Rob. Fri . "Long range electrostatic forces in ionic liquids". United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cc08820a. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1535110.
@article{osti_1535110,
title = {Long range electrostatic forces in ionic liquids},
author = {Gebbie, Matthew A. and Smith, Alexander M. and Dobbs, Howard A. and Lee, Alpha A. and Warr, Gregory G. and Banquy, Xavier and Valtiner, Markus and Rutland, Mark W. and Israelachvili, Jacob N. and Perkin, Susan and Atkin, Rob},
abstractNote = {Ionic liquids are pure salts that are liquid under ambient conditions. As liquids composed solely of ions, the scientific consensus has been that ionic liquids have exceedingly high ionic strengths and thus very short Debye screening lengths. However, several recent experiments from laboratories around the world have reported data for the approach of two surfaces separated by ionic liquids which revealed remarkable long range forces that appear to be electrostatic in origin. Evidence has accumulated demonstrating long range surface forces for several different combinations of ionic liquids and electrically charged surfaces, as well as for concentrated mixtures of inorganic salts in solvent. The original interpretation of these forces, that ionic liquids could be envisioned as “dilute electrolytes,” was controversial, and the origin of long range forces in ionic liquids remains the subject of discussion. Here we seek to collate and examine the evidence for long range surface forces in ionic liquids, identify key outstanding questions, and explore possible mechanisms underlying the origin of these long range forces. Long range surface forces in ionic liquids and other highly concentrated electrolytes hold diverse implications from designing ionic liquids for energy storage applications to rationalizing electrostatic correlations in biological self-assembly.},
doi = {10.1039/c6cc08820a},
journal = {ChemComm},
number = 7,
volume = 53,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Dec 09 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Fri Dec 09 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}

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