Noncollinear spin structure in Fe3+xCo3–xTi2 ( x=0,2,3 ) from neutron diffraction

Wang, Haohan; Balasubramanian, Balamurugan; Pahari, Rabindra; Skomski, Ralph; Liu, Yaohua; Huq, Ashfia; Sellmyer, D. J.; Xu, Xiaoshan

doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.3.064403

Title: Noncollinear spin structure in $F e_{3 + x} C o_{3 - x} T i_{2}$ ( $x = 0, 2, 3$ ) from neutron diffraction

Journal Article · 03 June 2019 · Physical Review Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.3.064403 · OSTI ID:1531241

Wang, Haohan ^[1]; Balasubramanian, Balamurugan ^[1]; Pahari, Rabindra ^[1]; Skomski, Ralph ^[1];

^[2];

^[2]; Sellmyer, D. J. ^[1]; Xu, Xiaoshan ^[1]

Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Neutron powder diffraction has been used to investigate the spin structure of the hard-magnetic alloy Fe_3+xCo_3–xTi₂ (x = 0,2,3). The materials are produced by rapid quenching from the melt, they possess a hexagonal crystal structure, and they are nanocrystalline with crystallite sizes D of the order of 40 nm. Projections of the magnetic moment onto both the crystalline c axis and the basal plane were observed. The corresponding misalignment angle exhibits a nonlinear decrease with x, which we explain as a micromagnetic effect caused by Fe-Co site disorder. As a result, the underlying physics is a special kind of random-anisotropy magnetism that leads to the prediction of 1/D^1/4 power-law dependence of the misalignment angle on the crystallite size.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1531241

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1524474

Journal Information:: Physical Review Materials, Journal Name: Physical Review Materials Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 3; ISSN PRMHAR; ISSN 2475-9953

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (44)

Development of MnBi permanent magnet: Neutron diffraction of MnBi powder Cui, J.; Choi, J. P.; Li, G. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 115, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4867230	journal	May 2014
Neutron Diffraction by Paramagnetic and Antiferromagnetic Substances Shull, C. G.; Strauser, W. A.; Wollan, E. O. Physical Review, Vol. 83, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.83.333	journal	July 1951
Polarized neutron study of the compounds Y ₂ Fe ₁ ₄ B and Nd ₂ Fe ₁ ₄ B Givord, D.; Li, H. S.; Tasset, F. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 57, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.334631	journal	April 1985
RETM ₅ and RE ₂ TM ₁ ₇ permanent magnets development Kumar, Kaplesh Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 63, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.341084	journal	March 1988
Magnetic Materials and Devices for the 21st Century: Stronger, Lighter, and More Energy Efficient Gutfleisch, Oliver; Willard, Matthew A.; Brück, Ekkes Advanced Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201002180	journal	December 2010
Predicting the Future of Permanent-Magnet Materials Skomski, Ralph; Manchanda, Priyanka; Kumar, Pankaj K. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 49, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2013.2248139	journal	July 2013
Analysis of the small-angle neutron scattering of nanocrystalline ferromagnets using a micromagnetics model Weissmüller, J.; Michels, A.; Barker, J. G. Physical Review B, Vol. 63, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.63.214414	journal	May 2001
The Magnetic and Crystallographic Properties of MnBi Studied by Neutron Diffraction. Andresen, A. F.; Hälg, W.; Fischer, P. Acta Chemica Scandinavica, Vol. 21 https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.21-1543	journal	January 1967
Magnetic Properties of an Iron—Nickel Single Crystal Ordered by Neutron Bombardment Néel, L.; Pauleve, J.; Pauthenet, R. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 35, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1713516	journal	March 1964
Novel Nanostructured Rare-Earth-Free Magnetic Materials with High Energy Products Balasubramanian, Balamurugan; Das, Bhaskar; Skomski, Ralph Advanced Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201302704	journal	August 2013
Rare-earth magnets in present production and development Strnat, K. J. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(78)90218-4	journal	January 1978
Colloquium : Opportunities in nanomagnetism Bader, S. D. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 78, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.78.1	journal	January 2006
Magnetic-field-dependent small-angle neutron scattering on random anisotropy ferromagnets Michels, Andreas; Weissmüller, Jörg Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 71, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/71/6/066501	journal	May 2008
Nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials Herzer, Giselher Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 112, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(92)91168-S	journal	July 1992
Strain development during the phase transition of La(Fe,Mn,Si) ₁₃ H _z Neves Bez, Henrique; Nielsen, Kaspar K.; Smith, Anders Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4960358	journal	August 2016
An X-ray and neutron diffraction investigation of the magnetic phase Al _0.89 Mn _1.11 Braun, P. B.; Goedkoop, J. A. Acta Crystallographica, Vol. 16, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0365110X63001936	journal	August 1963
Anti-site mixing and magnetic properties of Fe ₃ Co ₃ Nb ₂ studied via neutron powder diffraction Xu, Xiaoshan; Zhang, Xiaozhe; Yin, Yuewei Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 50, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/50/2/025002	journal	November 2016
Current progress and future challenges in rare-earth-free permanent magnets Cui, Jun; Kramer, Matthew; Zhou, Lin Acta Materialia, Vol. 158 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2018.07.049	journal	October 2018
Phase-Transition Behavior in a Random-Anisotropy System Sellmyer, D. J.; Nafis, S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 57, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.1173	journal	September 1986
Rare earth-cobalt permanent magnets Strnat, Karl J.; Strnat, Reinhold M. W. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 100, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(91)90811-N	journal	November 1991
Neutron Diffraction Study of the Magnetic Behavior of Gadolinium Cable, J. W.; Wollan, E. O. Physical Review, Vol. 165, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.165.733	journal	January 1968
First‐order field‐induced magnetization transitions in single‐crystal Nd ₂ Fe ₁ ₄ B Bolzoni, F.; Moze, O.; Pareti, L. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 62, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.339789	journal	July 1987
Structure and magnetism of new rare-earth-free intermetallic compounds: Fe _3+x Co _3−x Ti ₂ (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) Balasubramanian, Balamurugan; Das, Bhaskar; Nguyen, Manh Cuong APL Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4968517	journal	November 2016
Nanomagnetics Skomski, R. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 15, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/15/20/202	journal	May 2003
Hard Magnetic Materials: A Perspective Coey, J. M. D. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 47, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2011.2166975	journal	December 2011
Initial magnetization, remanence, and coercivity of the random anisotropy amorphous ferromagnet Callen, E.; Liu, Y. J.; Cullen, J. R. Physical Review B, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.16.263	journal	July 1977
De Magnete et Meteorite: Cosmically Motivated Materials Lewis, Laura H.; Pinkerton, Frederick E.; Bordeaux, Nina IEEE Magnetics Letters, Vol. 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2014.2312178	journal	January 2014
New permanent magnets; manganese compounds Coey, J. M. D. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 26, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/26/6/064211	journal	January 2014
Hf–Co and Zr–Co alloys for rare-earth-free permanent magnets Balamurugan, B.; Das, B.; Zhang, W. Y. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 26, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/26/6/064204	journal	January 2014
Crystal structure and magnetic properties of new Fe ₃ Co ₃ X ₂ ( X = Ti, Nb) intermetallic compounds Zhang, Jie; Nguyen, Manh Cuong; Balasubramanian, Balamurugan Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 49, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/49/17/175002	journal	March 2016
Magnetic anisotropy — How much is enough for a permanent magnet? Skomski, R.; Coey, J. M. D. Scripta Materialia, Vol. 112 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2015.09.021	journal	February 2016
Magnetic small-angle neutron scattering of bulk ferromagnets Michels, Andreas Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 26, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/26/38/383201	journal	September 2014
Accelerated discovery of new magnets in the Heusler alloy family Sanvito, Stefano; Oses, Corey; Xue, Junkai Science Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1602241	journal	April 2017
R 2 Fe 14 B materials: Intrinsic properties and technological aspects Herbst, J. F. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 63, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.63.819	journal	October 1991
Neutron Diffraction Study of the Structures and Magnetic Properties of Manganese Bismuthide Roberts, B. W. Physical Review, Vol. 104, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.104.607	journal	November 1956
Crystal and magnetic structure of Pr ₂ Fe ₁ ₄ B and Dy ₂ Fe ₁ ₄ B Herbst, J. F.; Yelon, W. B. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 57, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.334342	journal	March 1985
Materials science: The pull of stronger magnets Jones, Nicola Nature, Vol. 472, Issue 7341 https://doi.org/10.1038/472022a	journal	April 2011
Recent advances in magnetic structure determination by neutron powder diffraction Rodríguez-Carvajal, Juan Physica B: Condensed Matter, Vol. 192, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(93)90108-I	journal	October 1993
Large moments in bcc Fe _x Co _y Mn _z ternary alloy thin films Snow, R. J.; Bhatkar, H.; N'Diaye, A. T. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5006347	journal	February 2018
High-coercivity magnetism in nanostructures with strong easy-plane anisotropy Balasubramanian, Balamurugan; Manchanda, Priyanka; Skomski, Ralph Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4945987	journal	April 2016
A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures Rietveld, H. M. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 2, Issue 2, p. 65-71 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869006558	journal	June 1969
Neutron diffraction study of hard magnetic alloy MnAlC Yang, Ying‐chang; Ho, Wen‐wang; Lin, Chin Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 55, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.333563	journal	March 1984
Giant energy product in nanostructured two-phase magnets Skomski, Ralph; Coey, J. M. D. Physical Review B, Vol. 48, Issue 21, p. 15812-15816 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.48.15812	journal	December 1993
Neutron determination of the magnetic order and site preference in Er ₂ (Co _x Fe _{1− x} ) ₁₇ Kumar, R.; Yelon, W. B.; Fuerst, C. D. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 63, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.340648	journal	April 1988