Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected spin textures that exhibit fascinating physical behaviours and large potential in highly energy-efficient spintronic device applications. The main obstacles so far are that skyrmions have been observed in only a few exotic materials and at low temperatures, and fast current-driven motion of individual skyrmions has not yet been achieved. Here, we report the observation of stable magnetic skyrmions at room temperature in ultrathin transition metal ferromagnets with magnetic transmission soft X-ray microscopy. We demonstrate the ability to generate stable skyrmion lattices and drive trains of individual skyrmions by short current pulses along a magnetic racetrack at speeds exceeding 100 m s-1 as required for applications. Our findings provide experimental evidence of recent predictions and open the door to room-temperature skyrmion spintronics in robust thin-film heterostructures.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
[6];
[2];
[1]
- Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Johannes Gutenberg Univ., Mainz (Germany)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United State)
- Max Planck Inst. for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart (Germany)
- Johannes Gutenberg Univ., Mainz (Germany); Max Planck Inst. for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart (Germany)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United State); Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1530237
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 15; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 1476-1122
- Publisher:
- Springer Nature - Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Citation Formats
Woo, Seonghoon, Litzius, Kai, Krüger, Benjamin, Im, Mi-Young, Caretta, Lucas, Richter, Kornel, Mann, Maxwell, Krone, Andrea, Reeve, Robert M., Weigand, Markus, Agrawal, Parnika, Lemesh, Ivan, Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad, Fischer, Peter, Kläui, Mathias, and Beach, Geoffrey S. D. Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web. doi:10.1038/nmat4593.
Woo, Seonghoon, Litzius, Kai, Krüger, Benjamin, Im, Mi-Young, Caretta, Lucas, Richter, Kornel, Mann, Maxwell, Krone, Andrea, Reeve, Robert M., Weigand, Markus, Agrawal, Parnika, Lemesh, Ivan, Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad, Fischer, Peter, Kläui, Mathias, & Beach, Geoffrey S. D. Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets. United States. doi:10.1038/nmat4593.
Woo, Seonghoon, Litzius, Kai, Krüger, Benjamin, Im, Mi-Young, Caretta, Lucas, Richter, Kornel, Mann, Maxwell, Krone, Andrea, Reeve, Robert M., Weigand, Markus, Agrawal, Parnika, Lemesh, Ivan, Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad, Fischer, Peter, Kläui, Mathias, and Beach, Geoffrey S. D. Mon .
"Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets". United States. doi:10.1038/nmat4593. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1530237.
@article{osti_1530237,
title = {Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets},
author = {Woo, Seonghoon and Litzius, Kai and Krüger, Benjamin and Im, Mi-Young and Caretta, Lucas and Richter, Kornel and Mann, Maxwell and Krone, Andrea and Reeve, Robert M. and Weigand, Markus and Agrawal, Parnika and Lemesh, Ivan and Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad and Fischer, Peter and Kläui, Mathias and Beach, Geoffrey S. D.},
abstractNote = {Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected spin textures that exhibit fascinating physical behaviours and large potential in highly energy-efficient spintronic device applications. The main obstacles so far are that skyrmions have been observed in only a few exotic materials and at low temperatures, and fast current-driven motion of individual skyrmions has not yet been achieved. Here, we report the observation of stable magnetic skyrmions at room temperature in ultrathin transition metal ferromagnets with magnetic transmission soft X-ray microscopy. We demonstrate the ability to generate stable skyrmion lattices and drive trains of individual skyrmions by short current pulses along a magnetic racetrack at speeds exceeding 100 m s-1 as required for applications. Our findings provide experimental evidence of recent predictions and open the door to room-temperature skyrmion spintronics in robust thin-film heterostructures.},
doi = {10.1038/nmat4593},
journal = {Nature Materials},
number = 5,
volume = 15,
place = {United States},
year = {2016},
month = {2}
}
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A sum rule of uniaxial anisotropy and external magnetic field for formation of Néel-type skyrmion lattices in two-dimensional ferromagnets
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- Liu, Zhaosen; Ian, Hou
- Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 31, Issue 21
Skyrmion-electronics: writing, deleting, reading and processing magnetic skyrmions toward spintronic applications
journal, January 2020
- Zhang, Xichao; Zhou, Yan; Mee Song, Kyung
- Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 32, Issue 14
Edge instabilities and skyrmion creation in magnetic layers
journal, June 2016
- Müller, Jan; Rosch, Achim; Garst, Markus
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 6
Motion of skyrmions in nanowires driven by magnonic momentum-transfer forces
journal, June 2017
- Zhang, Xichao; Müller, Jan; Xia, Jing
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 6
Collective magnetic skyrmion gyrotropic modes in a dot chain
journal, March 2018
- Gareeva, Zukhra V.; Guslienko, Konstantin Y.
- Journal of Physics Communications, Vol. 2, Issue 3
Modeling the Shape of Axisymmetric Skyrmions in Magnetic Multilayers
journal, December 2018
- Legrand, William; Ronceray, Nathan; Reyren, Nicolas
- Physical Review Applied, Vol. 10, Issue 6
Geometrically Tailored Skyrmions at Zero Magnetic Field in Multilayered Nanostructures
journal, February 2019
- Ho, Pin; Tan, Anthony K. C.; Goolaup, S.
- Physical Review Applied, Vol. 11, Issue 2
Walker Breakdown with a Twist: Dynamics of Multilayer Domain Walls and Skyrmions Driven by Spin-Orbit Torque
journal, October 2019
- Lemesh, Ivan; Beach, Geoffrey S. D.
- Physical Review Applied, Vol. 12, Issue 4
Paving Spin-Wave Fibers in Magnonic Nanocircuits Using Spin-Orbit Torque
journal, May 2017
- Xing, Xiangjun; Pong, Philip W. T.; Åkerman, J.
- Physical Review Applied, Vol. 7, Issue 5
Skyrmion Gas Manipulation for Probabilistic Computing
journal, June 2018
- Pinna, D.; Abreu Araujo, F.; Kim, J. -V.
- Physical Review Applied, Vol. 9, Issue 6
Surface pinning and triggered unwinding of skyrmions in a cubic chiral magnet
journal, July 2019
- Milde, Peter; Neuber, Erik; Bauer, Andreas
- Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 2
Skyrmion relaxation dynamics in the presence of quenched disorder
journal, July 2019
- Brown, Barton L.; Täuber, Uwe C.; Pleimling, Michel
- Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 2
Dynamics of an antiferromagnetic skyrmion in a racetrack with a defect
journal, October 2019
- Liang, Xue; Zhao, Guoping; Shen, Laichuan
- Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 14
Chiral edge currents for ac-driven skyrmions in confined pinning geometries
journal, November 2019
- Reichhardt, C.; Reichhardt, C. J. O.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 17
Generation and Hall effect of skyrmions enabled using nonmagnetic point contacts
journal, November 2019
- Wang, Zidong; Zhang, Xichao; Xia, Jing
- Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 18
Field-sweep-rate and time dependence of transverse resistivity anomalies in ultrathin films
journal, January 2020
- Kan, Daisuke; Moriyama, Takahiro; Shimakawa, Yuichi
- Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 1
Magnus-induced dynamics of driven skyrmions on a quasi-one-dimensional periodic substrate
journal, September 2016
- Reichhardt, C.; Reichhardt, C. J. Olson
- Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 9
Mechanism and activation energy of magnetic skyrmion annihilation obtained from minimum energy path calculations
journal, November 2016
- Lobanov, Igor S.; Jónsson, Hannes; Uzdin, Valery M.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 17
Tailoring magnetic energies to form dipole skyrmions and skyrmion lattices
journal, January 2017
- Montoya, S. A.; Couture, S.; Chess, J. J.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 2
Spin excitation spectrum in a magnetic nanodot with continuous transitions between the vortex, Bloch-type skyrmion, and Néel-type skyrmion states
journal, March 2017
- Mruczkiewicz, M.; Krawczyk, M.; Guslienko, K. Y.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 9
Fluctuations and noise signatures of driven magnetic skyrmions
journal, August 2017
- Díaz, Sebastián A.; Reichhardt, C. J. O.; Arovas, Daniel P.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 8
Direct experimental determination of spiral spin structures via the dichroism extinction effect in resonant elastic soft x-ray scattering
journal, September 2017
- Zhang, S. L.; van der Laan, G.; Hesjedal, T.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 9
Chiral skyrmions in an anisotropy gradient
journal, July 2018
- Tomasello, R.; Komineas, S.; Siracusano, G.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 2
Topological Hall effect for electron scattering on nanoscale skyrmions in external magnetic field
journal, December 2018
- Denisov, K. S.; Rozhansky, I. V.; Potkina, M. N.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 21
Chiral magnetic skyrmions with arbitrary topological charge
journal, February 2019
- Rybakov, Filipp N.; Kiselev, Nikolai S.
- Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 6
Magnetic domain wall skyrmions
journal, May 2019
- Cheng, Ran; Li, Maxwell; Sapkota, Arjun
- Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 18
Disordering, clustering, and laning transitions in particle systems with dispersion in the Magnus term
journal, January 2019
- Reichhardt, C. J. O.; Reichhardt, C.
- Physical Review E, Vol. 99, Issue 1
Static and Dynamical Properties of Antiferromagnetic Skyrmions in the Presence of Applied Current and Temperature
journal, April 2016
- Barker, Joseph; Tretiakov, Oleg A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 14
Skyrmions at the Edge: Confinement Effects in
journal, November 2016
- Hagemeister, Julian; Iaia, Davide; Vedmedenko, Elena Y.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 20
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction across an Antiferromagnet-Ferromagnet Interface
journal, July 2017
- Ma, Xin; Yu, Guoqiang; Razavi, Seyed A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 2
Helimagnon Resonances in an Intrinsic Chiral Magnonic Crystal
journal, December 2017
- Weiler, Mathias; Aqeel, Aisha; Mostovoy, Maxim
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 23
Laser-Induced Skyrmion Writing and Erasing in an Ultrafast Cryo-Lorentz Transmission Electron Microscope
journal, March 2018
- Berruto, G.; Madan, I.; Murooka, Y.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 11
Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction: Effect of Band Filling and Correlation with Spin Mixing Conductance
journal, April 2018
- Ma, Xin; Yu, Guoqiang; Tang, Chi
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 15
Precipitating ordered skyrmion lattices from helical spaghetti and granular powders
journal, January 2019
- Gilbert, Dustin A.; Grutter, Alexander J.; Neves, Paul M.
- Physical Review Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Determination of crystallographic chirality of MnSi thin film grown on Si (111) substrate
journal, January 2020
- Morikawa, Daisuke; Yamasaki, Yuichi; Kanazawa, Naoya
- Physical Review Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Quantum Skyrmions in Frustrated Ferromagnets
journal, December 2019
- Lohani, Vivek; Hickey, Ciarán; Masell, Jan
- Physical Review X, Vol. 9, Issue 4
Current-induced spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems
journal, September 2019
- Manchon, A.; Železný, J.; Miron, I. M.
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 91, Issue 3
New magnetic phase of the chiral skyrmion material Cu 2 OSeO 3
journal, September 2018
- Qian, Fengjiao; Bannenberg, Lars J.; Wilhelm, Heribert
- Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 9