Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets

Woo, Seonghoon; Litzius, Kai; Krüger, Benjamin; Im, Mi-Young; Caretta, Lucas; Richter, Kornel; Mann, Maxwell; Krone, Andrea; Reeve, Robert M.; Weigand, Markus; Agrawal, Parnika; Lemesh, Ivan; Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad; Fischer, Peter; Kläui, Mathias; Beach, Geoffrey S.  D.

doi:10.1038/nmat4593

Title: Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets

Abstract

Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected spin textures that exhibit fascinating physical behaviours and large potential in highly energy-efficient spintronic device applications. The main obstacles so far are that skyrmions have been observed in only a few exotic materials and at low temperatures, and fast current-driven motion of individual skyrmions has not yet been achieved. Here, we report the observation of stable magnetic skyrmions at room temperature in ultrathin transition metal ferromagnets with magnetic transmission soft X-ray microscopy. We demonstrate the ability to generate stable skyrmion lattices and drive trains of individual skyrmions by short current pulses along a magnetic racetrack at speeds exceeding 100 m s^-1 as required for applications. Our findings provide experimental evidence of recent predictions and open the door to room-temperature skyrmion spintronics in robust thin-film heterostructures.

Authors:

^[1]; Litzius, Kai ^[2]; Krüger, Benjamin ^[2]; Im, Mi-Young ^[3]; Caretta, Lucas ^[1]; Richter, Kornel ^[2]; Mann, Maxwell ^[1]; Krone, Andrea ^[2]; Reeve, Robert M. ^[2]; Weigand, Markus ^[4]; Agrawal, Parnika ^[1];

^[1]; Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad ^[5];

^[6];

^[2];

^[1]

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Johannes Gutenberg Univ., Mainz (Germany)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United State)
Max Planck Inst. for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart (Germany)
Johannes Gutenberg Univ., Mainz (Germany); Max Planck Inst. for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart (Germany)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United State); Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: 2016-02-29

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1530237

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Materials

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 15; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 1476-1122

Publisher:: Springer Nature - Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats


                    Woo, Seonghoon, Litzius, Kai, Krüger, Benjamin, Im, Mi-Young, Caretta, Lucas, Richter, Kornel, Mann, Maxwell, Krone, Andrea, Reeve, Robert M., Weigand, Markus, Agrawal, Parnika, Lemesh, Ivan, Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad, Fischer, Peter, Kläui, Mathias, and Beach, Geoffrey S.  D. Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/nmat4593.

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                    Woo, Seonghoon, Litzius, Kai, Krüger, Benjamin, Im, Mi-Young, Caretta, Lucas, Richter, Kornel, Mann, Maxwell, Krone, Andrea, Reeve, Robert M., Weigand, Markus, Agrawal, Parnika, Lemesh, Ivan, Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad, Fischer, Peter, Kläui, Mathias, & Beach, Geoffrey S.  D. Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4593

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                    Woo, Seonghoon, Litzius, Kai, Krüger, Benjamin, Im, Mi-Young, Caretta, Lucas, Richter, Kornel, Mann, Maxwell, Krone, Andrea, Reeve, Robert M., Weigand, Markus, Agrawal, Parnika, Lemesh, Ivan, Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad, Fischer, Peter, Kläui, Mathias, and Beach, Geoffrey S.  D. Mon .  
"Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4593.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1530237.

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@article{osti_1530237,

  title        = {Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets},

  author       = {Woo, Seonghoon and Litzius, Kai and Krüger, Benjamin and Im, Mi-Young and Caretta, Lucas and Richter, Kornel and Mann, Maxwell and Krone, Andrea and Reeve, Robert M. and Weigand, Markus and Agrawal, Parnika and Lemesh, Ivan and Mawass, Mohamad-Assaad and Fischer, Peter and Kläui, Mathias and Beach, Geoffrey S.  D.},

  abstractNote = {Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected spin textures that exhibit fascinating physical behaviours and large potential in highly energy-efficient spintronic device applications. The main obstacles so far are that skyrmions have been observed in only a few exotic materials and at low temperatures, and fast current-driven motion of individual skyrmions has not yet been achieved. Here, we report the observation of stable magnetic skyrmions at room temperature in ultrathin transition metal ferromagnets with magnetic transmission soft X-ray microscopy. We demonstrate the ability to generate stable skyrmion lattices and drive trains of individual skyrmions by short current pulses along a magnetic racetrack at speeds exceeding 100 m s-1 as required for applications. Our findings provide experimental evidence of recent predictions and open the door to room-temperature skyrmion spintronics in robust thin-film heterostructures.},

  doi          = {10.1038/nmat4593},

  journal      = {Nature Materials},

  number       = 5,

  volume       = 15,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2016},

  month        = {2}

}

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Edge instabilities and skyrmion creation in magnetic layers
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Müller, Jan; Rosch, Achim; Garst, Markus
New Journal of Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 6
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Motion of skyrmions in nanowires driven by magnonic momentum-transfer forces
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Zhang, Xichao; Müller, Jan; Xia, Jing
New Journal of Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 6
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Collective magnetic skyrmion gyrotropic modes in a dot chain
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Gareeva, Zukhra V.; Guslienko, Konstantin Y.
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Modeling the Shape of Axisymmetric Skyrmions in Magnetic Multilayers
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Legrand, William; Ronceray, Nathan; Reyren, Nicolas
Physical Review Applied, Vol. 10, Issue 6
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Geometrically Tailored Skyrmions at Zero Magnetic Field in Multilayered Nanostructures
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Ho, Pin; Tan, Anthony K. C.; Goolaup, S.
Physical Review Applied, Vol. 11, Issue 2
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Walker Breakdown with a Twist: Dynamics of Multilayer Domain Walls and Skyrmions Driven by Spin-Orbit Torque
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Lemesh, Ivan; Beach, Geoffrey S. D.
Physical Review Applied, Vol. 12, Issue 4
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Paving Spin-Wave Fibers in Magnonic Nanocircuits Using Spin-Orbit Torque
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Xing, Xiangjun; Pong, Philip W. T.; Åkerman, J.
Physical Review Applied, Vol. 7, Issue 5
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Skyrmion Gas Manipulation for Probabilistic Computing
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Pinna, D.; Abreu Araujo, F.; Kim, J. -V.
Physical Review Applied, Vol. 9, Issue 6
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Surface pinning and triggered unwinding of skyrmions in a cubic chiral magnet
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Milde, Peter; Neuber, Erik; Bauer, Andreas
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 2
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Skyrmion relaxation dynamics in the presence of quenched disorder
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Brown, Barton L.; Täuber, Uwe C.; Pleimling, Michel
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 2
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Dynamics of an antiferromagnetic skyrmion in a racetrack with a defect
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Liang, Xue; Zhao, Guoping; Shen, Laichuan
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 14
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Chiral edge currents for ac-driven skyrmions in confined pinning geometries
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Reichhardt, C.; Reichhardt, C. J. O.
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 17
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Generation and Hall effect of skyrmions enabled using nonmagnetic point contacts
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Wang, Zidong; Zhang, Xichao; Xia, Jing
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 18
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Field-sweep-rate and time dependence of transverse resistivity anomalies in ultrathin $SrRu O_{3}$ films
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Kan, Daisuke; Moriyama, Takahiro; Shimakawa, Yuichi
Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 1
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Magnus-induced dynamics of driven skyrmions on a quasi-one-dimensional periodic substrate
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Reichhardt, C.; Reichhardt, C. J. Olson
Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 9
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Mechanism and activation energy of magnetic skyrmion annihilation obtained from minimum energy path calculations
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Lobanov, Igor S.; Jónsson, Hannes; Uzdin, Valery M.
Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 17
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Tailoring magnetic energies to form dipole skyrmions and skyrmion lattices
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Montoya, S. A.; Couture, S.; Chess, J. J.
Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 2
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Effect of interfacial intermixing on the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in Pt/Co/Pt
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Wells, Adam W. J.; Shepley, Philippa M.; Marrows, Christopher H.
Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 5
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Spin excitation spectrum in a magnetic nanodot with continuous transitions between the vortex, Bloch-type skyrmion, and Néel-type skyrmion states
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Mruczkiewicz, M.; Krawczyk, M.; Guslienko, K. Y.
Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 9
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Fluctuations and noise signatures of driven magnetic skyrmions
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Díaz, Sebastián A.; Reichhardt, C. J. O.; Arovas, Daniel P.
Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 8
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Direct experimental determination of spiral spin structures via the dichroism extinction effect in resonant elastic soft x-ray scattering
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Zhang, S. L.; van der Laan, G.; Hesjedal, T.
Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 9
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Chiral skyrmions in an anisotropy gradient
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Tomasello, R.; Komineas, S.; Siracusano, G.
Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 2
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Topological Hall effect for electron scattering on nanoscale skyrmions in external magnetic field
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Denisov, K. S.; Rozhansky, I. V.; Potkina, M. N.
Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 21
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Chiral magnetic skyrmions with arbitrary topological charge
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Rybakov, Filipp N.; Kiselev, Nikolai S.
Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 6
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Element-specific soft x-ray spectroscopy, scattering, and imaging studies of the skyrmion-hosting compound ${Co}_{8} {Zn}_{8} {Mn}_{4}$
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Ukleev, V.; Yamasaki, Y.; Morikawa, D.
Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 14
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Magnetic domain wall skyrmions
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Cheng, Ran; Li, Maxwell; Sapkota, Arjun
Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 18
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Disordering, clustering, and laning transitions in particle systems with dispersion in the Magnus term
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Reichhardt, C. J. O.; Reichhardt, C.
Physical Review E, Vol. 99, Issue 1
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Static and Dynamical Properties of Antiferromagnetic Skyrmions in the Presence of Applied Current and Temperature
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Barker, Joseph; Tretiakov, Oleg A.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 14
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Skyrmions with Attractive Interactions in an Ultrathin Magnetic Film
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Rózsa, Levente; Deák, András; Simon, Eszter
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 15
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Skyrmions at the Edge: Confinement Effects in $Fe / Ir (111)$
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Hagemeister, Julian; Iaia, Davide; Vedmedenko, Elena Y.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 20
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Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction across an Antiferromagnet-Ferromagnet Interface
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Ma, Xin; Yu, Guoqiang; Razavi, Seyed A.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 2
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Helimagnon Resonances in an Intrinsic Chiral Magnonic Crystal
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Weiler, Mathias; Aqeel, Aisha; Mostovoy, Maxim
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 23
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Laser-Induced Skyrmion Writing and Erasing in an Ultrafast Cryo-Lorentz Transmission Electron Microscope
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Berruto, G.; Madan, I.; Murooka, Y.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 11
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Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction: Effect of $5 d$ Band Filling and Correlation with Spin Mixing Conductance
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Ma, Xin; Yu, Guoqiang; Tang, Chi
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 15
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Precipitating ordered skyrmion lattices from helical spaghetti and granular powders
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Gilbert, Dustin A.; Grutter, Alexander J.; Neves, Paul M.
Physical Review Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 1
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Determination of crystallographic chirality of MnSi thin film grown on Si (111) substrate
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Morikawa, Daisuke; Yamasaki, Yuichi; Kanazawa, Naoya
Physical Review Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 1
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Quantum Skyrmions in Frustrated Ferromagnets
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Lohani, Vivek; Hickey, Ciarán; Masell, Jan
Physical Review X, Vol. 9, Issue 4
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Current-induced spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems
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Manchon, A.; Železný, J.; Miron, I. M.
Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 91, Issue 3
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New magnetic phase of the chiral skyrmion material Cu ₂ OSeO ₃
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Qian, Fengjiao; Bannenberg, Lars J.; Wilhelm, Heribert
Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 9
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Steering Magnetic Skyrmions with Currents: A Nonequilibrium Green's Functions Approach
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Viñas Boström, Emil; Verdozzi, Claudio
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Magnetic Domains in Thin Ferromagnetic Films with Strong Perpendicular Anisotropy
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Knüpfer, Hans; Muratov, Cyrill B.; Nolte, Florian
Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, Vol. 232, Issue 2
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Current-induced skyrmion generation and dynamics in symmetric bilayers
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Hrabec, A.; Sampaio, J.; Belmeguenai, M.
Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
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Field-free deterministic ultrafast creation of magnetic skyrmions by spin–orbit torques
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Büttner, Felix; Lemesh, Ivan; Schneider, Michael
Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 12, Issue 11
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Skyrmion Hall effect revealed by direct time-resolved X-ray microscopy
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Litzius, Kai; Lemesh, Ivan; Krüger, Benjamin
Nature Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 2
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Magnetostatic twists in room-temperature skyrmions explored by nitrogen-vacancy center spin texture reconstruction
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Dovzhenko, Y.; Casola, F.; Schlotter, S.
Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1
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Creation and annihilation of topological meron pairs in in-plane magnetized films
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Gao, N.; Je, S. -G.; Im, M. -Y.
Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
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Electrical detection of single magnetic skyrmions in metallic multilayers at room temperature
journal, January 2018

Maccariello, Davide; Legrand, William; Reyren, Nicolas
Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 13, Issue 3
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Fast current-driven domain walls and small skyrmions in a compensated ferrimagnet
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Caretta, Lucas; Mann, Maxwell; Büttner, Felix
Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 13, Issue 12
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Aggregation and collapse dynamics of skyrmions in a non-equilibrium state
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Yu, Xiuzhen; Morikawa, Daisuke; Yokouchi, Tomoyuki
Nature Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 8
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Equilibrium Skyrmion Lattice Ground State in a Polar Easy-plane Magnet
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Bordács, S.; Butykai, A.; Szigeti, B. G.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
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Nucleation and annihilation of skyrmions in Mn2CoAl observed through the topological Hall effect
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Ludbrook, B. M.; Dubuis, G.; Puichaud, A. -H.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
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Lifetime of racetrack skyrmions
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Bessarab, Pavel F.; Müller, Gideon P.; Lobanov, Igor S.
Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1
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Probing the localization of magnetic dichroism by atomic-size astigmatic and vortex electron beams
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Negi, Devendra Singh; Idrobo, Juan Carlos; Rusz, Ján
Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1
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Observation of Skyrmions at Room Temperature in Co2FeAl Heusler Alloy Ultrathin Film Heterostructures
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Husain, Sajid; Sisodia, Naveen; Chaurasiya, Avinash Kumar
Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
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Electrically driven spin torque and dynamical Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in magnetic bilayer systems
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Takeuchi, Akihito; Mizushima, Shigeyasu; Mochizuki, Masahito
Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
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Effect of inter-layer spin diffusion on skyrmion motion in magnetic multilayers
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Lepadatu, Serban
Scientific Reports, Vol. 9, Issue 1
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Nonlocal accumulation, chemical potential, and Hall effect of skyrmions in Pt/Co/Ir heterostructure
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Sugimoto, Satoshi; Koshibae, Wataru; Kasai, Shinya
Scientific Reports, Vol. 10, Issue 1
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Topological Hall effect at above room temperature in heterostructures composed of a magnetic insulator and a heavy metal
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Shao, Qiming; Liu, Yawen; Yu, Guoqiang
Nature Electronics, Vol. 2, Issue 5
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The role of temperature and drive current in skyrmion dynamics
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Litzius, Kai; Leliaert, Jonathan; Bassirian, Pedram
Nature Electronics, Vol. 3, Issue 1
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Skyrmion-based artificial synapses for neuromorphic computing
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Song, Kyung Mee; Jeong, Jae-Seung; Pan, Biao
Nature Electronics, Vol. 3, Issue 3
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Magnetization switching in high-density magnetic nanodots by a fine-tune sputtering process on a large-area diblock copolymer mask
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Barrera, G.; Celegato, F.; Coïsson, M.
Nanoscale, Vol. 9, Issue 43
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Current-driven skyrmion dynamics in disordered films
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Kim, Joo-Von; Yoo, Myoung-Woo
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 13
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Coupled breathing modes in one-dimensional Skyrmion lattices
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Kim, Junhoe; Yang, Jaehak; Cho, Young-Jun
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 123, Issue 5
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Electrical nucleation and detection of single 360° homochiral Néel domain walls measured using the anomalous Nernst effect
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Cubukcu, Murat; Venkateshvaran, Deepak; Wittmann, Angela
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 26
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Brownian motion of skyrmion bubbles and its control by voltage applications
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Nozaki, Takayuki; Jibiki, Yuma; Goto, Minori
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 1
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Stabilizing zero-field skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt thin film multilayers by magnetic history control
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Duong, Nghiep Khoan; Raju, M.; Petrović, A. P.
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 7
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Low-field formation of room-temperature biskyrmions in centrosymmetric MnPdGa magnet
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Xiao, Xiaofei; Peng, Licong; Zhao, Xinguo
Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 14
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Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, interface-induced damping and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Pt/Co/W based multilayers
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Benguettat-El Mokhtari, I.; Mourkas, A.; Ntetsika, P.
Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 13
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Zero-field topological Hall effect as evidence of ground-state skyrmions at room temperature in BiSb/MnGa bilayers
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Duy Khang, Nguyen Huynh; Fan, Tuo; Hai, Pham Nam
AIP Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 12
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Performance of synthetic antiferromagnetic racetrack memory: domain wall versus skyrmion
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Tomasello, R.; Puliafito, V.; Martinez, E.
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 50, Issue 32
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Fast micromagnetic simulations on GPU—recent advances made with $\mathsf{mumax}^3$
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Leliaert, J.; Dvornik, M.; Mulkers, J.
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 51, Issue 12
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Antiferromagnetic skyrmions overcoming obstacles in a racetrack
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Silva, R. L.; Silva, R. C.; Pereira, A. R.
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 31, Issue 22
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Field-tuned spin excitation spectrum of kπ skyrmion
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Song, Chengkun; Ma, Yunxu; Jin, Chendong
New Journal of Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 8
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Current-Driven Skyrmion Dynamics and Drive-Dependent Skyrmion Hall Effect in an Ultrathin Film
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Juge, Roméo; Je, Soong-Geun; Chaves, Dayane de Souza
Physical Review Applied, Vol. 12, Issue 4
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Skyrmion Logic System for Large-Scale Reversible Computation
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Chauwin, Maverick; Hu, Xuan; Garcia-Sanchez, Felipe
Physical Review Applied, Vol. 12, Issue 6
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Magnetic Skyrmion as a Nonlinear Resistive Element: A Potential Building Block for Reservoir Computing
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Prychynenko, Diana; Sitte, Matthias; Litzius, Kai
Physical Review Applied, Vol. 9, Issue 1
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Role of the Heavy Metal’s Crystal Phase in Oscillations of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy and the Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction in $W / Co − Fe − B / MgO$ Films
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Kim, Gyu Won; Samardak, Alexander S.; Kim, Yong Jin
Physical Review Applied, Vol. 9, Issue 6
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Elimination of thermoelectric artifacts in the harmonic Hall measurement of spin-orbit torque
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Park, Eun-Sang; Lee, Dong-Kyu; Min, Byoung-Chul
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 21
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Mapping different skyrmion phases in double wedges of Ta/FeCoB/TaOx trilayers
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Srivastava, Titiksha; Lim, Willy; Joumard, Isabelle
Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 22
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Unraveling the role of dipolar versus Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions in stabilizing compact magnetic skyrmions
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Bernand-Mantel, Anne; Muratov, Cyrill B.; Simon, Thilo M.
Physical Review B, Vol. 101, Issue 4
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Determination of spin torque efficiencies in heterostructures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
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Pai, Chi-Feng; Mann, Maxwell; Tan, Aik Jun
Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 14
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Thermally stable magnetic skyrmions in multilayer synthetic antiferromagnetic racetracks
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Zhang, Xichao; Ezawa, Motohiko; Zhou, Yan
Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 6
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Formation and stability of metastable skyrmionic spin structures with various topologies in an ultrathin film
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Rózsa, Levente; Palotás, Krisztián; Deák, András
Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 9
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Multiscale simulations of topological transformations in magnetic-skyrmion spin structures
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De Lucia, Andrea; Litzius, Kai; Krüger, Benjamin
Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 2
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SEMPA investigation of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in the single, ideally grown Co/Pt(111) interface
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Corredor, Edna C.; Kuhrau, Susanne; Kloodt-Twesten, Fabian
Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 6
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Skyrmions and multisublattice helical states in a frustrated chiral magnet
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Yuan, H. Y.; Gomonay, O.; Kläui, Mathias
Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 13
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Magnetoentropic signatures of skyrmionic phase behavior in FeGe
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Bocarsly, Joshua D.; Need, Ryan F.; Seshadri, Ram
Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 10
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Brownian motion of magnetic domain walls and skyrmions, and their diffusion constants
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Miltat, Jacques; Rohart, Stanislas; Thiaville, André
Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 21
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Nonequilibrium phases and segregation for skyrmions on periodic pinning arrays
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Reichhardt, C.; Ray, D.; Reichhardt, C. J. O.
Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 13
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Alternative to the topological interpretation of the transverse resistivity anomalies in ${SrRuO}_{3}$
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Kan, Daisuke; Moriyama, Takahiro; Kobayashi, Kento
Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 18
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Control of domain structure and magnetization reversal in thick Co/Pt multilayers
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Fallarino, L.; Oelschlägel, A.; Arregi, J. A.
Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 2
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Observation of the topological Hall effect and signature of room-temperature antiskyrmions in Mn-Ni-Ga $D_{2 d}$ Heusler magnets
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Sen, Subir; Singh, Charanpreet; Mukharjee, Prashanta K.
Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 13
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Configurational entropy of magnetic skyrmions as an ideal gas
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Zivieri, R.; Tomasello, R.; Chubykalo-Fesenko, O.
Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 17
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Spin Wave Power Flow and Caustics in Ultrathin Ferromagnets with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction
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Kim, Joo-Von; Stamps, Robert L.; Camley, Robert E.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 19
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Enhanced Nonadiabaticity in Vortex Cores due to the Emergent Hall Effect
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Bisig, André; Akosa, Collins Ashu; Moon, Jung-Hwan
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 27
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Nanosecond X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy on Magnetic Skyrmions
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Seaberg, M. H.; Holladay, B.; Lee, J. C. T.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 6
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Bound States of Skyrmions and Merons near the Lifshitz Point
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Kharkov, Y. A.; Sushkov, O. P.; Mostovoy, M.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 20
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Quantification of Magnetic Surface and Edge States in an FeGe Nanostripe by Off-Axis Electron Holography
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Song, Dongsheng; Li, Zi-An; Caron, Jan
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 16
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Competition of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya and Higher-Order Exchange Interactions in $Rh / Fe$ Atomic Bilayers on Ir(111)
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Romming, Niklas; Pralow, Henning; Kubetzka, André
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 20
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Direct Observation of Twisted Surface skyrmions in Bulk Crystals
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Zhang, S. L.; van der Laan, G.; Wang, W. W.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 22
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Skyrmion formation in a bulk chiral magnet at zero magnetic field and above room temperature
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Karube, K.; White, J. S.; Morikawa, D.
Physical Review Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 7
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Role of La doping for topological Hall effect in epitaxial EuO films
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Yun, Yu; Ma, Yang; Su, Tang
Physical Review Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 3
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Interface-driven topological Hall effect in SrRuO ₃ -SrIrO ₃ bilayer
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Matsuno, Jobu; Ogawa, Naoki; Yasuda, Kenji
Science Advances, Vol. 2, Issue 7
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Spin–Orbit Effects in CoFeB/MgO Heterostructures with Heavy Metal Underlayers
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Torrejon, Jacob; Kim, Junyeon; Sinha, Jaivardhan
SPIN, Vol. 06, Issue 02
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Multi-color imaging of magnetic Co/Pt heterostructures
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Willems, Felix; Korff Schmising, Clemens Von; Weder, David
Technische Universität Berlin
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Pöllath, S.; Wild, J.; Heinen, L.
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Soumyanarayanan, Anjan; Raju, M.; Oyarce, A. L. Gonzalez
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Matsuno, J.; Ogawa, N.; Yasuda, K.
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Woo, Seonghoon; Song, Kyung Mee; Zhang, Xichao
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Observation of Magnetic Radial Vortex Nucleation in a Multilayer Stack with Tunable Anisotropy
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Karakas, Vedat; Gokce, Aisha; Habiboglu, Ali Taha
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Encoding Neural and Synaptic Functionalities in Electron Spin: A Pathway to Efficient Neuromorphic Computing
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Sengupta, Abhronil; Roy, Kaushik
arXiv
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Magnetic skyrmion bubble motion driven by surface acoustic waves
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Nepal, Rabindra; Güngördü, Utkan; Kovalev, Alexey A.
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Hybrid chiral domain walls and skyrmions in magnetic multilayers
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Legrand, William; Chauleau, Jean-Yves; Maccariello, Davide
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Current-induced spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems
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Manchon, A.; Zelezný, J.; Miron, I. M.
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Magnetoentropic signatures of skyrmionic phase behavior in FeGe
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Bocarsly, Joshua D.; Need, Ryan F.; Seshadri, Ram
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DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1802.09115

Wiggling skyrmion propagation under parametric pumping
text, January 2018

Yuan, H. Y.; Wang, X. S.; Yung, Man-Hong
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1804.07202

Skyrmions and antiskyrmions in quasi-two-dimensional magnets
text, January 2018

Kovalev, Alexey A.; Sandhoefner, Shane
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1805.12519

Symmetry-Breaking Interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interactions in Synthetic Antiferromagnets
text, January 2018

Fernández-Pacheco, Amalio; Vedmedenko, Elena; Ummelen, Fanny
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1810.01801

Observation of magnetic skyrmions in unpatterned symmetric multilayers at room temperature and zero magnetic field
preprint, January 2018

Brandão, J.; Dugato, D. A.; Seeger, R. L.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1810.07844

Disordering, Clustering, and Laning Transitions in Particle Systems with Dispersion in the Magnus Term
text, January 2018

Reichhardt, C. J. O.; Reichhardt, C.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1810.10648

Quantitative imaging of hybrid chiral spin textures in magnetic multilayer systems by Lorentz microscopy
text, January 2019

Fallon, K.; McVitie, S.; Legrand, W.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1901.03652

Individual skyrmion manipulation by local magnetic field gradients
text, January 2019

Casiraghi, Arianna; Corte-León, Héctor; Vafaee, Mehran
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1903.00367

Current-Driven Skyrmion Dynamics and Drive-Dependent Skyrmion Hall Effect in an Ultrathin Film
text, January 2019

Juge, Roméo; Je, Soong-Geun; Chaves, Dayane de Souza
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1904.08275

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Title: Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets

Abstract

Citation Formats

Spin Transfer Torques in MnSi at Ultralow Current Densities journal, December 2010

A thermodynamic theory of “weak” ferromagnetism of antiferromagnetics journal, January 1958

Chiral magnetic order at surfaces driven by inversion asymmetry journal, May 2007

Current-driven dynamics of chiral ferromagnetic domain walls journal, June 2013

Chirality-Induced Asymmetric Magnetic Nucleation in Pt / Co / AlO x Ultrathin Microstructures journal, July 2014

Skyrmions on the track journal, March 2013

Current-induced skyrmion dynamics in constricted geometries journal, September 2013

Skyrmion Lattice in a Chiral Magnet journal, February 2009

On the theory of the domain structure of thin films of magnetically uni-axial materials journal, July 1958

Nucleation, stability and current-induced motion of isolated magnetic skyrmions in nanostructures journal, October 2013

Chiral spin torque at magnetic domain walls journal, June 2013

Dynamics of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls in ultrathin magnetic films journal, December 2012

Universal current-velocity relation of skyrmion motion in chiral magnets journal, February 2013

Skyrmion lattice in the doped semiconductor Fe 1 − x Co x Si journal, January 2010

Interface control of the magnetic chirality in CoFeB/MgO heterostructures with heavy-metal underlayers journal, August 2014

Skyrmion flow near room temperature in an ultralow current density journal, January 2012

Spontaneous atomic-scale magnetic skyrmion lattice in two dimensions journal, July 2011

Spontaneous skyrmion ground states in magnetic metals journal, August 2006

Enhanced spin-orbit torques in Pt/Co/Ta heterostructures journal, November 2014

Magnetostatic energy and magnetization process in multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy journal, June 1992

Real-Space Observation of Helical Spin Order journal, January 2006

Role of B diffusion in the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in Ta / Co 20 F e 60 B 20 / MgO nanowires journal, January 2015

Near room-temperature formation of a skyrmion crystal in thin-films of the helimagnet FeGe journal, December 2010

Spin Hall torque magnetometry of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls journal, November 2014

Anisotropic Superexchange Interaction and Weak Ferromagnetism journal, October 1960

Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction accounting for the orientation of magnetic domains in ultrathin films: Fe/W(110) journal, October 2008

Blowing magnetic skyrmion bubbles journal, June 2015

Emergent electrodynamics of skyrmions in a chiral magnet journal, February 2012

Real-space observation of a two-dimensional skyrmion crystal journal, June 2010

Role of Anisotropic Exchange Interactions in Determining the Properties of Spin-Glasses journal, June 1980

Skyrmion Lattice in a Chiral Magnet text, January 2009

Skyrmion Lattice in a Doped Semiconductor text, January 2009

Spin Transfer Torques in MnSi at Ultra-low Current Densities text, January 2010

Current-driven dynamics of chiral ferromagnetic domain walls text, January 2013

Significant Strain-Induced Orbital Reconstruction and Strong Interfacial Magnetism in TiNi(Nb)/Ferromagnet/Oxide Heterostructures via Oxygen Manipulation journal, July 2018

Observation of Robust Néel Skyrmions in Metallic PtMnGa journal, November 2019

Nanoscale magnetic skyrmions in metallic films and multilayers: a new twist for spintronics journal, June 2016

Magnetic skyrmions: advances in physics and potential applications journal, June 2017

Magnetic antiskyrmions above room temperature in tetragonal Heusler materials journal, August 2017

Chirality-driven orbital magnetic moments as a new probe for topological magnetic structures journal, December 2016

Edge states and skyrmion dynamics in nanostripes of frustrated magnets journal, February 2017

Tunable room-temperature magnetic skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayers journal, July 2017

Electric control of skyrmions journal, November 2016

Direct observation of the skyrmion Hall effect journal, September 2016

Squirming motion of baby skyrmions in nematic fluids journal, September 2017

Current-induced viscoelastic topological unwinding of metastable skyrmion strings journal, November 2017

Manipulation of skyrmion motion by magnetic field gradients journal, May 2018

Universality of defect-skyrmion interaction profiles journal, October 2018

The evolution of skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayers and their topological Hall signature journal, March 2019

Dynamics of the Bloch point in an asymmetric permalloy disk journal, February 2019

Isolated zero field sub-10 nm skyrmions in ultrathin Co films journal, August 2019

Long-range chiral exchange interaction in synthetic antiferromagnets journal, June 2019

Symmetry-breaking interlayer Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions in synthetic antiferromagnets journal, June 2019

Transformation between meron and skyrmion topological spin textures in a chiral magnet journal, December 2018

Inertia-driven resonant excitation of a magnetic skyrmion journal, October 2017

Theory of isolated magnetic skyrmions: From fundamentals to room temperature applications journal, March 2018

Composite topological structure of domain walls in synthetic antiferromagnets journal, October 2018

Observation of magnetic skyrmions in unpatterned symmetric multilayers at room temperature and zero magnetic field journal, March 2019

Direct current-tunable MHz to multi-GHz skyrmion generation and control journal, July 2019

Current-induced shuttlecock-like movement of non-axisymmetric chiral skyrmions journal, January 2020

Deterministic creation and deletion of a single magnetic skyrmion observed by direct time-resolved X-ray microscopy journal, May 2018

Creation of artificial skyrmions and antiskyrmions by anisotropy engineering journal, August 2016

Voltage controlled core reversal of fixed magnetic skyrmions without a magnetic field journal, August 2016

Efficient skyrmion transport mediated by a voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy gradient journal, January 2018

Controlled modification of skyrmion information in a three-terminal racetrack memory journal, January 2019

Accelerating, guiding, and compressing skyrmions by defect rails journal, January 2019

Multi-color imaging of magnetic Co/Pt heterostructures journal, January 2017

Controlled creation of nanometric skyrmions using external magnetic fields journal, August 2017

A repulsive skyrmion chain as a guiding track for a racetrack memory journal, November 2018

Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in Pt/Co/Ir and Pt/Co/Ru multilayer films journal, March 2018

Skyrmion states in thin confined polygonal nanostructures journal, March 2018

Stray field signatures of Néel textured skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayer films journal, May 2018

X-ray ptychography on low-dimensional hard-condensed matter materials journal, March 2019

Magnetoelectric coupling and the manipulation of magnetic Bloch skyrmions journal, September 2018

Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction at disordered interfaces from ab initio theory: Robustness against intermixing and tunability through dusting journal, December 2018

Enhanced spin–orbit torque via interface engineering in Pt/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures journal, March 2019

Route to form skyrmions in soft magnetic films journal, August 2019

Spin Transfer Torques in MnSi at Ultralow Current Densities
journal, December 2010

A thermodynamic theory of “weak” ferromagnetism of antiferromagnetics
journal, January 1958

Chiral magnetic order at surfaces driven by inversion asymmetry
journal, May 2007

Current-driven dynamics of chiral ferromagnetic domain walls
journal, June 2013

Chirality-Induced Asymmetric Magnetic Nucleation in $Pt / Co / {AlO}_{x}$ Ultrathin Microstructures
journal, July 2014

Skyrmions on the track
journal, March 2013

Current-induced skyrmion dynamics in constricted geometries
journal, September 2013

Skyrmion Lattice in a Chiral Magnet
journal, February 2009

On the theory of the domain structure of thin films of magnetically uni-axial materials
journal, July 1958

Nucleation, stability and current-induced motion of isolated magnetic skyrmions in nanostructures
journal, October 2013

Chiral spin torque at magnetic domain walls
journal, June 2013

Dynamics of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls in ultrathin magnetic films
journal, December 2012

Universal current-velocity relation of skyrmion motion in chiral magnets
journal, February 2013

Skyrmion lattice in the doped semiconductor ${Fe}_{1 - x} {Co}_{x} Si$
journal, January 2010

Interface control of the magnetic chirality in CoFeB/MgO heterostructures with heavy-metal underlayers
journal, August 2014

Skyrmion flow near room temperature in an ultralow current density
journal, January 2012

Spontaneous atomic-scale magnetic skyrmion lattice in two dimensions
journal, July 2011

Spontaneous skyrmion ground states in magnetic metals
journal, August 2006

Enhanced spin-orbit torques in Pt/Co/Ta heterostructures
journal, November 2014

Magnetostatic energy and magnetization process in multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy
journal, June 1992

Real-Space Observation of Helical Spin Order
journal, January 2006

Role of B diffusion in the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in $Ta / {Co}_{20} F e_{60} B_{20} / MgO$ nanowires
journal, January 2015

Near room-temperature formation of a skyrmion crystal in thin-films of the helimagnet FeGe
journal, December 2010

Spin Hall torque magnetometry of Dzyaloshinskii domain walls
journal, November 2014

Anisotropic Superexchange Interaction and Weak Ferromagnetism
journal, October 1960

Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction accounting for the orientation of magnetic domains in ultrathin films: Fe/W(110)
journal, October 2008

Blowing magnetic skyrmion bubbles
journal, June 2015

Emergent electrodynamics of skyrmions in a chiral magnet
journal, February 2012

Real-space observation of a two-dimensional skyrmion crystal
journal, June 2010

Role of Anisotropic Exchange Interactions in Determining the Properties of Spin-Glasses
journal, June 1980

Skyrmion Lattice in a Chiral Magnet
text, January 2009

Skyrmion Lattice in a Doped Semiconductor
text, January 2009

Spin Transfer Torques in MnSi at Ultra-low Current Densities
text, January 2010

Current-driven dynamics of chiral ferromagnetic domain walls
text, January 2013

Significant Strain-Induced Orbital Reconstruction and Strong Interfacial Magnetism in TiNi(Nb)/Ferromagnet/Oxide Heterostructures via Oxygen Manipulation
journal, July 2018

Observation of Robust Néel Skyrmions in Metallic PtMnGa
journal, November 2019

Nanoscale magnetic skyrmions in metallic films and multilayers: a new twist for spintronics
journal, June 2016

Magnetic skyrmions: advances in physics and potential applications
journal, June 2017

Magnetic antiskyrmions above room temperature in tetragonal Heusler materials
journal, August 2017

Chirality-driven orbital magnetic moments as a new probe for topological magnetic structures
journal, December 2016

Edge states and skyrmion dynamics in nanostripes of frustrated magnets
journal, February 2017

Tunable room-temperature magnetic skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayers
journal, July 2017

Electric control of skyrmions
journal, November 2016

Direct observation of the skyrmion Hall effect
journal, September 2016

Squirming motion of baby skyrmions in nematic fluids
journal, September 2017

Current-induced viscoelastic topological unwinding of metastable skyrmion strings
journal, November 2017

Manipulation of skyrmion motion by magnetic field gradients
journal, May 2018

Universality of defect-skyrmion interaction profiles
journal, October 2018

The evolution of skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayers and their topological Hall signature
journal, March 2019

Dynamics of the Bloch point in an asymmetric permalloy disk
journal, February 2019

Isolated zero field sub-10 nm skyrmions in ultrathin Co films
journal, August 2019

Long-range chiral exchange interaction in synthetic antiferromagnets
journal, June 2019

Symmetry-breaking interlayer Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions in synthetic antiferromagnets
journal, June 2019

Transformation between meron and skyrmion topological spin textures in a chiral magnet
journal, December 2018

Inertia-driven resonant excitation of a magnetic skyrmion
journal, October 2017

Theory of isolated magnetic skyrmions: From fundamentals to room temperature applications
journal, March 2018

Composite topological structure of domain walls in synthetic antiferromagnets
journal, October 2018

Observation of magnetic skyrmions in unpatterned symmetric multilayers at room temperature and zero magnetic field
journal, March 2019

Direct current-tunable MHz to multi-GHz skyrmion generation and control
journal, July 2019

Current-induced shuttlecock-like movement of non-axisymmetric chiral skyrmions
journal, January 2020

Deterministic creation and deletion of a single magnetic skyrmion observed by direct time-resolved X-ray microscopy
journal, May 2018

Creation of artificial skyrmions and antiskyrmions by anisotropy engineering
journal, August 2016

Voltage controlled core reversal of fixed magnetic skyrmions without a magnetic field
journal, August 2016

Efficient skyrmion transport mediated by a voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy gradient
journal, January 2018

Controlled modification of skyrmion information in a three-terminal racetrack memory
journal, January 2019

Accelerating, guiding, and compressing skyrmions by defect rails
journal, January 2019

Multi-color imaging of magnetic Co/Pt heterostructures
journal, January 2017

Controlled creation of nanometric skyrmions using external magnetic fields
journal, August 2017

A repulsive skyrmion chain as a guiding track for a racetrack memory
journal, November 2018

Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in Pt/Co/Ir and Pt/Co/Ru multilayer films
journal, March 2018

Skyrmion states in thin confined polygonal nanostructures
journal, March 2018

Stray field signatures of Néel textured skyrmions in Ir/Fe/Co/Pt multilayer films
journal, May 2018

X-ray ptychography on low-dimensional hard-condensed matter materials
journal, March 2019

Magnetoelectric coupling and the manipulation of magnetic Bloch skyrmions
journal, September 2018

Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction at disordered interfaces from ab initio theory: Robustness against intermixing and tunability through dusting
journal, December 2018

Enhanced spin–orbit torque via interface engineering in Pt/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures
journal, March 2019

Route to form skyrmions in soft magnetic films
journal, August 2019

Magnetic domain size tuning in asymmetric Pd/Co/W/Pd multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
journal, October 2019

Launching a new dimension with 3D magnetic nanostructures
journal, January 2020

Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction between ferromagnetic insulator and heavy metal
journal, February 2020