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Title: The spin structure of the nucleon

Journal Article · · Reports on Progress in Physics
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3]
  1. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
  2. Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
  3. Univ. de Costa Rica, San Jose (Costa Rica)
+ Show Author Affiliations

We review the present understanding of the spin structure of protons and neutrons, the fundamental building blocks of nuclei collectively known as nucleons. Here, the field of nucleon spin provides a critical window for testing Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the gauge theory of the strong interactions, since it involves fundamental aspects of hadron structure which can be probed in detail in experiments, particularly deep inelastic lepton scattering on polarized targets.

Research Organization:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-76SF00515; AC05-06OR23177
OSTI ID:
1530179
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1532411
Report Number(s):
JLAB-PHY-18-2760; DOE/OR/23177-4611; arXiv:1807.05250
Journal Information:
Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 7; ISSN 0034-4885
Publisher:
IOP PublishingCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 60 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

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Measurement of the proton and deuteron spin structure functions g2 and asymmetry A2 journal July 1999
Precision measurement of the proton and deuteron spin structure functions g2 and asymmetries A2 journal January 2003
Measurement of the spin-dependent structure function g1(x) of the deuteron journal April 1993
The spin-dependent structure function g1(x) of the proton from polarized deep-inelastic muon scattering journal October 1997
Measurement of the spin-dependent structure function g1(x) of the proton journal June 1994
A new measurement of the spin-dependent structure function g1(x) of the deuteron journal August 1995
The spin-dependent structure function g1(x) of the deuteron from polarized deep-inelastic muon scattering journal March 1997
Spin structure of the proton from polarized inclusive deep-inelastic muon-proton scattering journal November 1997
Measurement of the spin structure of the deuteron in the DIS region journal April 2005
Measurement of the neutron spin structure function gn1 with a polarized 3He internal target journal July 1997
Measurement of the proton spin structure function g1p with a pure hydrogen target journal December 1998
Precise determination of the spin structure function g 1 of the proton, deuteron, and neutron journal January 2007
Q 2 Evolution of the Generalized Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn Integral for the Neutron using a H 3 e Target journal November 2002
Q 2 Evolution of the Neutron Spin Structure Moments using a H e 3 Target journal January 2004
Measurement of the Generalized Forward Spin Polarizabilities of the Neutron journal October 2004
He 3 Spin-Dependent Cross Sections and Sum Rules journal July 2008
Measurement of inclusive spin structure functions of the deuteron journal May 2003
Measurement of the Proton Spin Structure Function g 1 ( x , Q 2 ) for Q 2 from 0.15 to 1.6     G e V 2 with CLAS journal November 2003
Proton Spin Structure in the Resonance Region journal March 2007
Probing Quark-Gluon Interactions with Transverse Polarized Scattering journal September 2010
Measurement of the x- and Q2-dependence of the asymmetry A1 on the nucleon journal September 2006
Precise determination of the deuteron spin structure at low to moderate Q 2 with CLAS and extraction of the neutron contribution journal November 2015
Moments of the spin structure functions g1p and g1d for 0.05<Q2<3.0 GeV2 journal February 2009
Quark-hadron duality in spin structure functions g 1 p and g 1 d journal March 2007
Determination of the proton spin structure functions for 0.05 < Q 2 < 5 GeV 2 using CLAS journal December 2017
Precision Measurement of the Neutron Spin Asymmetry A 1 n and Spin-Flavor Decomposition in the Valence Quark Region journal January 2004
Precision measurement of the neutron spin asymmetries and spin-dependent structure functions in the valence quark region journal December 2004
Q 2 Dependence of the Neutron Spin Structure Function g 2 n at Low Q 2 journal September 2005
Moments of the neutron g 2 structure function at intermediate Q 2 journal July 2015
Quark-Hadron Duality in Neutron ( He 3 ) Spin Structure journal October 2008
Precision measurements of g 1 of the proton and of the deuteron with 6 GeV electrons journal August 2014
Precision Measurement of the Neutron Twist-3 Matrix Element d 2 n : Probing Color Forces journal July 2014
Measurements of d 2 n and A 1 n : Probing the neutron spin structure journal September 2016
Precision measurements of A 1 n in the deep inelastic regime journal May 2015
First Measurement of the Double Spin Asymmetry in e → p → → e ′ π + n in the Resonance Region journal February 2002
Erratum: First Measurement of the Double Spin Asymmetry in e → p → → e ′ π + n in the Resonance Region [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 082001 (2002)] journal April 2002
e p → ep π 0 reaction studied in the Δ ( 1232 ) mass region using polarization asymmetries journal September 2003
Measurement of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering with a Polarized-Proton Target journal August 2006
First measurement of target and double spin asymmetries for e → p → → ep π 0 in the nucleon resonance region above the Δ ( 1232 ) journal October 2008
Measurement of Single- and Double-Spin Asymmetries in Deep Inelastic Pion Electroproduction with a Longitudinally Polarized Target journal December 2010
Target and beam-target spin asymmetries in exclusive π + and π − electroproduction with 1.6- to 5.7-GeV electrons journal November 2016
Beam-target double-spin asymmetry in quasielastic electron scattering off the deuteron with CLAS journal February 2017
Measurement of target and double-spin asymmetries for the e ⃗ p ⃗ → e π + ( n ) reaction in the nucleon resonance region at low Q 2 journal October 2016
Longitudinal Target-Spin Asymmetries for Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering journal January 2015
Publisher’s Note: Longitudinal Target-Spin Asymmetries for Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 , 032001 (2015)] journal February 2015
Single and double spin asymmetries for deeply virtual Compton scattering measured with CLAS and a longitudinally polarized proton target journal March 2015
Target and double spin asymmetries of deeply virtual π 0 production with a longitudinally polarized proton target and CLAS journal May 2017
Target and beam-target spin asymmetries in exclusive pion electroproduction for Q 2 > 1 GeV 2 . I. e p → e π + n journal March 2017
Target and beam-target spin asymmetries in exclusive pion electroproduction for Q 2 > 1   GeV 2 . II. e p → e π 0 p journal March 2017
Single Spin Asymmetries in Charged Pion Production from Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering on a Transversely Polarized He 3 Target at Q 2 = 1.4 – 2.7     GeV 2 journal August 2011
Beam-Target Double-Spin Asymmetry A LT in Charged Pion Production from Deep Inelastic Scattering on a Transversely Polarized He 3 Target at 1.4 < Q 2 < 2.7     GeV 2 journal January 2012
Single spin asymmetries of inclusive hadrons produced in electron scattering from a transversely polarized 3 He target journal April 2014
Measurement of “pretzelosity” asymmetry of charged pion production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering on a polarized He 3 target journal November 2014
Single spin asymmetries in charged kaon production from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering on a transversely polarized He 3 target journal November 2014
Double spin asymmetries of inclusive hadron electroproduction from a transversely polarized He 3 target journal July 2015
Measurement of the Target-Normal Single-Spin Asymmetry in Deep-Inelastic Scattering from the Reaction He 3 ↑ ( e , e ′ ) X journal July 2014
G E p / G M p Ratio by Polarization Transfer in e → p → e p → journal February 2000
Measurement of G E p / G M p in e → p → e p → to Q 2 = 5.6 GeV 2 journal February 2002
Proton elastic form factor ratios to Q 2 = 3.5 GeV 2 by polarization transfer journal May 2005
Publisher's Note: Proton elastic form factor ratios to Q 2 = 3.5 GeV 2 by polarization transfer [Phys. Rev. C 71, 055202 (2005)] journal June 2005
Next-to-leading order determination of the singlet axial charge and the polarized gluon content of the nucleon journal June 1996
Determination of the Bjorken sum and strong coupling from polarized structure functions journal July 1997
Polarized parton distributions from charged-current deep-inelastic scattering and future neutrino factories journal May 2001
Nlo qcd Analysis of Polarized deep Inelastic Scattering journal December 1998
A new study of the polarized parton densities in the nucleon journal September 1999
A new evaluation of polarized parton densities in the nucleon journal April 2002
Impact of CLAS and COMPASS data on polarized parton densities and higher twist journal April 2007
Determination of polarized parton densities from a QCD analysis of inclusive and semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering data journal December 2010
Non-singlet QCD analysis of deep inelastic world data at journal July 2007
QCD analysis of polarized deep inelastic scattering data journal December 2010
Polarized parton distribution functions in the nucleon journal July 2000
Determination of polarized parton distribution functions and their uncertainties journal March 2004
Determination of polarized parton distribution functions with recent data on polarization asymmetries journal July 2006
Determination of gluon polarization from deep inelastic scattering and collider data journal May 2009
Impact of hadronic and nuclear corrections on global analysis of spin-dependent parton distributions journal February 2014
Constraints on spin-dependent parton distributions at large x from global QCD analysis journal November 2014
Extraction of spin-dependent parton densities and their uncertainties journal August 2009
Global Analysis of Helicity Parton Densities and their Uncertainties journal August 2008
Models for the polarized parton distributions of the nucleon journal March 2001
A first unbiased global determination of polarized PDFs and their uncertainties journal October 2014
Evidence for Polarization of Gluons in the Proton journal July 2014
First Simultaneous Extraction of Spin-Dependent Parton Distributions and Fragmentation Functions from a Global QCD Analysis journal September 2017
Next-to-next-to-leading order QCD analysis of spin-dependent parton distribution functions and their uncertainties: Jacobi polynomials approach journal June 2016
Nucleon spin structure functions at NNLO in the presence of target mass corrections and higher twist effects journal April 2017
Flavour separation of helicity distributions from deep inelastic muon–deuteron scattering journal September 2009
Quark helicity distributions from longitudinal spin asymmetries in muon–proton and muon–deuteron scattering journal October 2010
The spin structure function g 1 p of the proton and a test of the Bjorken sum rule journal February 2016
Final COMPASS results on the deuteron spin-dependent structure function g 1 d and the Bjorken sum rule journal June 2017
First Measurement of the Transverse Spin Asymmetries of the Deuteron in Semi-inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering journal May 2005
Electron-Ion Collider: The next QCD frontier: Understanding the glue that binds us all journal September 2016
Hunting the Gluon Orbital Angular Momentum at the Electron-Ion Collider journal May 2017
Pion and Nucleon Structure Functions near x = 1 journal November 1975
Comparisons of Deep-Inelastic e − p and e − n Cross Sections journal May 1973
High-Energy Single-Arm Inelastic e − p and e − d Scattering at 6 and 10° journal January 1974
Valence quark spin distribution functions journal January 1999
Chiral quarks and the non-relativistic quark model journal March 1984
Phenomenological Lagrangians journal April 1979
Nucleon structure functions and longitudinal spin asymmetries in the chiral quark constituent model journal June 2016
Re-examining valence quark spin distributions journal June 2017
A statistical approach for polarized parton distributions journal April 2002
Statistical description of the proton spin with a large gluon helicity distribution journal January 2015
New developments in the statistical approach of parton distributions: Tests and predictions up to LHC energies journal September 2015
Symmetry breaking and quark-hadron duality in structure functions journal September 2003
Parton distributions for the octet and decuplet baryons journal September 1999
Instantons and polarized structure functions journal May 1998
Light-flavor sea-quark distributions in the nucleon in the SU(3) chiral quark soliton model. I. Phenomenological predictions journal February 2003
Light-flavor sea-quark distributions in the nucleon in the SU(3) chiral quark soliton model. II. Theoretical formalism journal February 2003
Nucleon structure functions from a chiral soliton journal May 1997
Nucleon structures functionsin the three-flavor NJL soliton model journal May 1999
Nucleon quark distributions in a covariant quark–diquark model journal August 2005
The Q2-dependence of the generalised Gerasimov–Drell–Hearn integral for the proton journal November 2000
The Q-dependence of the generalised Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn integral for the deuteron, proton and neutron journal February 2003
Determination of the deep inelastic contribution to the generalised Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn integral for the proton and neutron journal December 1998
Parameterisation of [σ1/2−σ3/2] for Q2≥0 and non-resonance contribution to the GDH sum rule journal March 1999
The spin and flavour dependence of high-energy photoabsorption journal March 1999
Spin Constraints on Regge Predictions and Perturbative Evolution in high Energy Collisions journal May 2007
Spin asymmetry A1d and the spin-dependent structure function g1d of the deuteron at low values of x and Q2 journal April 2007
The spin-dependent structure function of the proton g1p and a test of the Bjorken sum rule journal July 2010
Experimental Determination of the Evolution of the Bjorken Integral at Low Q 2 journal November 2004
High precision determination of the Q 2 evolution of the Bjorken sum journal July 2014
Experimental study of isovector spin sum rules journal August 2008
Generalized Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule for the proton-neutron difference in chiral perturbation theory journal April 2001
Nucleon axial charge in lattice QCD with controlled errors journal October 2012
Lattice calculation of nucleon isovector axial charge with improved currents journal August 2017
QCD radiative and power corrections and generalized Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rules journal December 2004
On the Q2 variation of spin-dependent deep-inelastic electron-proton scattering journal December 1992
Nucleon spin structure at low momentum transfers journal October 2010
Nucleon spin structure and perturbative QCD frontier on the move journal January 2010
Nonperturbative QCD coupling and its β function from light-front holography journal May 2010
What do we know about the Q 2 evolution of the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule? journal January 1993
Dispersion-theoretical analysis of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors journal January 1996
Investigation of the second moment of the nucleon’s g 1 and g 2 structure functions in two-flavor lattice QCD journal September 2005
Iterative Monte Carlo analysis of spin-dependent parton distributions journal April 2016
Power corrections 1/Q2to parton sum rules for deep inelastic scattering from polarized nucleons journal June 1990
QCD sum rule calculation of twist-3 contributions to polarized nucleon structure functions journal January 1995
Polarized structure function g 2 in the c.m. bag model journal August 1996
Polarized nucleon structure functions within a chiral soliton model journal June 1997
Chiral quark model journal November 2003
QCD tests with an infrared finite gluon propagator and coupling constant journal February 2010
“Massive” perturbative QCD, Regular in the IR limit journal May 2013
Higher twists and color polarizabilities in the neutron journal May 2005
Calculation of baryon masses in quantum chromodynamics journal September 1981
Erratum journal November 1981
Spin-dependent twist-4 matrix elements from the instanton vacuum: Flavor-singlet and nonsinglet journal January 2002
Experimental determination of the effective strong coupling constant journal July 2007
Determination of the effective strong coupling constant αs,g1(Q2) from CLAS spin structure function data journal July 2008
Role of higher twist in polarized deep inelastic scattering journal April 2003
QCD analysis of polarized deep-inelastic scattering data and parton distributions journal August 2002
Studies of the transverse spin-dependent structure function g 2 ( x ,   Q 2 ) journal February 1991
Measurements of the Proton and Deuteron Spin Structure Function g 2 and Asymmetry A 2 journal January 1996
Measurement of the virtual-photon asymmetry A 2 and the spin-structure function g 2 of the proton journal March 2012
Polarized structure function g2(x) in the chiral quark soliton model journal August 2000
Bag model predictions for polarized structure functions and theirQ 2-evolutions journal December 1993
Evidence for Quark-Hadron Duality in the Proton Spin Asymmetry A 1 journal March 2003
Disconnected contributions to the spin of the nucleon journal December 2015
Flavor structure of the nucleon sea journal November 2014
Calculation of hyperon axial couplings from lattice QCD journal February 2009
Axial charges of octet baryons in two-flavor lattice QCD journal March 2010
Possible resolution of the strange quark polarization puzzle? journal July 2011
New analysis concerning the strange quark polarization puzzle journal March 2015
On the sensitivity of the polarized parton densities to flavour SU(3) symmetry breaking journal September 2000
Quark helicity distributions in the nucleon for up, down, and strange quarks from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering journal January 2005
Flavor decomposition of the polarized quark distributions in the nucleon from inclusive and semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering journal October 1999
Flavor Decomposition of the Sea-Quark Helicity Distributions in the Nucleon from Semiinclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering journal January 2004
Light-Cone Parton Distribution Functions from Lattice QCD journal September 2018
Polarized light-antiquark distributions in a meson-cloud model journal January 2002
Nucleon parton distributions at low normalization point in the large Nc limit journal November 1996
Chiral symmetry and the nucleon structure functions journal May 1998
Do we expect light flavor sea-quark asymmetry also for the spin-dependent distribution functions of the nucleon? journal June 2000
Is the polarized antiquark sea in the nucleon flavor symmetric? journal January 2001
Heavy quark mass expansion and intrinsic charm in light hadrons journal September 2000
Intrinsic charm contribution to the proton spin journal August 1999
The gluon and charm content of the deuteron journal August 2018
Novel six-quark hidden-color dibaryon states in QCD journal December 2013
Constraining Quark Angular Momentum through Semi-Inclusive Measurements journal November 2011
Evidence for the absence of gluon orbital angular momentum in the nucleon journal November 2006
Constraints on the gluon Sivers distribution via transverse single spin asymmetries at midrapidity in p ↑ p → π 0 X processes at BNL RHIC journal November 2006
Light-Front Holography: A First Approximation to QCD journal February 2009
Superconformal Algebraic Approach to Hadron Structure journal January 2017
Physics opportunities of a fixed-target experiment using LHC beams journal January 2013
Feasibility Studies for Single Transverse-Spin Asymmetry Measurements at a Fixed-Target Experiment Using the LHC Proton and Lead Beams (AFTER@LHC) journal May 2017
Spin Physics Experiments at NICA-SPD with polarized proton and deuteron beams journal January 2015
Quark spin content of the proton in the Skyrme model journal March 1991
Instanton-induced asymmetric quark configurations in the nucleon and parton sum rules journal April 1993
Flavor and Spin Contents of the Nucleon in the Quark Model with Chiral Symmetry journal April 1995
Is nucleon spin structure inconsistent with the constituent quark model? journal November 1998
The Spin Structure of the Nucleon book January 2001
Axial-vector form factors of the nucleon within the chiral quark-soliton model and their strange components journal November 2005
Strange nucleon form factors: Solitonic approach to GM s , GE s , $ \tilde{{G}}_{{A}}^{{p}}$ and $ \tilde{{G}}_{{A}}^{{n}}$ and comparison with world data journal June 2007
Generalized form factors, generalized parton distributions, and the spin contents of the nucleon journal September 2006
Spin of the proton in chiral effective field theory journal April 2016
Baryon properties from light-front holographic QCD journal November 2015
Axial baryonic charge and the spin content of the nucleon: A lattice investigation journal April 1994
Proton Spin Structure from Lattice QCD journal September 1995
Flavor-Singlet g A from Lattice QCD journal September 1995
Quark orbital angular momentum from lattice QCD journal October 2000
Flavor singlet axial vector coupling of the proton with dynamical Wilson fermions journal April 1999
Generalized Parton Distributions from Lattice QCD journal January 2004
Nucleon structure from mixed action calculations using 2 + 1 flavors of asqtad sea and domain wall valence fermions journal November 2010
Strangeness Contribution to the Proton Spin from Lattice QCD journal May 2012
Moments of nucleon generalized parton distributions from lattice QCD journal June 2011
Nucleon form factors and moments of generalized parton distributions using N f = 2 + 1 + 1 twisted mass fermions journal July 2013
Disconnected quark loop contributions to nucleon observables in lattice QCD journal February 2014
Lattice study of quark and glue momenta and angular momenta in the nucleon journal January 2015
Up, down, and strange nucleon axial form factors from lattice QCD journal June 2017
Static properties of baryons from an SU(3) pseudoscalar vector meson lagrangian journal May 1992
Strange nucleon form factors in the perturbative chiral quark model journal November 2002
Strangeness spin, magnetic moment, and strangeness configurations of the proton journal March 2006
The strangeness form factors of the proton journal May 2006
Exploring strange nucleon form factors on the lattice journal March 2012
A limit on the pionic component of the nucleon through SU(3) flavour breaking in the sea journal June 1983
Flavor asymmetry in the light-quark sea of the nucleon journal April 1992
Polarized ρ mesons and the asymmetry between and in the sea of the nucleon journal December 1998
Polarised quark distributions in the nucleon from semi-inclusive spin asymmetries journal February 1998
On the polarization of the nucleon sea in the meson-cloud model journal August 1999
The flavor asymmetry of polarized anti-quarks in the nucleon journal June 2001
Spin effects in instanton models journal March 2002
A constraint on the x dependence of the light antiquarks ratio journal August 2002
Polarized antiquark flavor asymmetry $\mathrm{\Delta \bar u (x) - \Delta \bar d(x)}$ and the pion cloud journal August 2003
The polarised valence quark distribution from semi-inclusive DIS journal March 2008
Measurement of Longitudinal Spin Asymmetries for Weak Boson Production in Polarized Proton-Proton Collisions at RHIC journal August 2014
Measurement of parity-violating spin asymmetries in W ± production at midrapidity in longitudinally polarized p + p collisions journal March 2016
Measurement of the Spin Asymmetry in the Photoproduction of Pairs of High- p T Hadrons at HERMES journal March 2000
Spin asymmetries for events with high p T hadrons in DIS and an evaluation of the gluon polarization journal July 2004
Generalized parton distributions from nucleon form factor data journal January 2005
Nucleon form factors from generalized parton distributions journal September 2005
Gluon polarization in the nucleon from quasi-real photoproduction of high-pT hadron pairs journal February 2006
Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering off the Neutron journal December 2007
The target asymmetry in hard vector-meson electroproduction and parton angular momenta journal December 2008
Gluon polarisation in the nucleon and longitudinal double spin asymmetries from open charm muoproduction journal June 2009
Leading-order determination of the gluon polarization from high-p T hadron electroproduction journal August 2010
Gluon polarization in the proton journal March 2011
Leading and next-to-leading order gluon polarization in the nucleon and longitudinal double spin asymmetries from open charm muoproduction journal March 2013
Leading order determination of the gluon polarisation from DIS events with high- p T hadron pairs journal January 2013
Nucleon form factors, generalized parton distributions and quark angular momentum journal April 2013
Precision Measurement of the Longitudinal Double-Spin Asymmetry for Inclusive Jet Production in Polarized Proton Collisions at s = 200     GeV journal August 2015
Leading-order determination of the gluon polarisation from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering data journal April 2017
Chiral perturbation theory and the first moments of the generalized parton distributions in a nucleon journal January 2008
Chiral magnetism (or magnetohadrochironics) journal January 1974
Confinement contains condensates journal June 2012
Price of Asymptotic Freedom journal September 1973
Aspects of SU(Nc) gauge theories in the limit of small number of colors journal January 1998
Renormalons journal August 1999
Wilson loops to 20th order numerical stochastic perturbation theory journal September 2012
Compelling Evidence of Renormalons in QCD from High Order Perturbative Expansions journal June 2012
Perturbative expansion of the energy of static sources at large orders in four-dimensional SU(3) gauge theory journal May 2013
Leading-order determination of the gluon polarisation from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering data text January 2017
A large magnetic spectrometer system for high-energy muon physics journal February 1981
The small x behaviour of g1 journal September 1994
Polarisation of valence and non-strange sea quarks in the nucleon from semi-inclusive spin asymmetries journal February 1996
Regularization and renormalization of gauge fields journal July 1972
Deeply virtual Compton scattering at small and the access to the GPD H journal December 2010
Collins and Sivers asymmetries for pions and kaons in muon–deuteron DIS journal March 2009
A gas analyzer for the internal polarized target of the HERMES experiment
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  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 508, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(03)01702-9
journal August 2003
Semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering at small transverse momentum journal February 2007
π 0 Double Longitudinal Helicity Asymmetry Measurements at PHENIX journal May 2011
Scaling Tests of the Cross Section for Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering journal December 2006
The Theory of Deeply Inelastic Scattering text January 2013
Azimuthal dependence in leptoproduction: A simple parton model calculation journal September 1978
Observation of significant spin effects in hard collisions at 40 GeV/c journal July 1990
Gluon spin in the nucleon journal January 1996
Absolute polarized H-jet polarimeter development, for RHIC
  • Zelenski, A.; Bravar, A.; Graham, D.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 536, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.08.080
journal January 2005
A first unbiased global NLO determination of parton distributions and their uncertainties journal October 2010
Off-forward parton distributions journal July 1998
Influence of phonon dispersion on the velocity of second sound in He II journal March 1974
Transverse momentum in semi-inclusive polarized deep inelastic scattering and the spin-flavor structure of the proton journal May 2003
Opportunities with Drell-Yan scattering: Probing sea quarks in the nucleon and nuclei journal February 2007
Prospects for Spin Physics at RHIC journal December 2000
T HE C ONTINUOUS E LECTRON B EAM A CCELERATOR F ACILITY : CEBAF at the Jefferson Laboratory journal December 2001
Measurement of "pretzelosity" asymmetry of charged pion production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering on a polarized He 3 target text January 2014
Single spin asymmetries of inclusive hadrons produced in electron scattering from a transversely polarized 3 He target text January 2014
Nucleon helicity and transversity parton distributions from lattice QCD text January 2016
Qcd Analysis of Polarized deep Inelastic Scattering data conference January 2012
The Spin Structure of the Nucleon conference November 2011
The Three-Loop Splitting Functions in QCD: The Helicity-Dependent Case text January 2014
Quark helicity distributions in the nucleon for up, down, and strange quarks from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering text January 2005
Polarized Parton Densities in the Nucleon conference January 2012
Wilson loops to 20th order numerical stochastic perturbation theory text January 2012
Electroweak structure of the nucleon, meson cloud and light-cone wavefunctions text January 2007
Transverse target spin asymmetry in inclusive DIS with two-photon exchange text January 2007
Interplay of Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum in the Proton text January 2008
Do gluons carry half of the nucleon momentum? text January 2009
Search for a Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering text January 2009
A Possible Resolution of the Strange Quark Polarization Puzzle ? text January 2011
Confinement contains condensates text January 2012
Parity-Violating Electron Scattering and the Electric and Magnetic Strange Form Factors of the Nucleon text January 2012
Physics of Gluon Helicity Contribution to Proton Spin text January 2013
Light-front quark model consistent with Drell-Yan-West duality and quark counting rules text January 2013
Single Spin Asymmetries of Inclusive Hadrons Produced in Electron Scattering from a Transversely Polarized $^3$He Target text January 2013
On the Interface between Perturbative and Nonperturbative QCD text January 2016
Quark Orbital Angular Momentum in the MIT Bag Model text January 2016
Comparison of two Minkowski-space approaches to heavy quarkonia text January 2017
Measurement of Inclusive Spin Structure Functions of the Deuteron text January 2002
Final-State Interactions and Single-Spin Asymmetries in Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering text January 2002
Generalized form factors, generalized parton distributions and the spin contents of the nucleon text January 2006
Strange nucleon form factors: Solitonic approach to $G_{M}^{s}$, $G_{E}^{s}$, $\tilde{G}_{A}^{p}$ and $\tilde{G}_{A}^{n}$ and comparison with world data text January 2006
The Ellis-Jaffe Sum Rule: The Estimates of the Next-to-Next-to- Leading-Order QCD Corrections text January 1994
Dispersion-Theoretical Analysis of the Nucleon Electromagnetic Formfactors text January 1995
Target Mass Corrections for Polarized Structure Functions and New Sum Rules text January 1998
Hadronic Spectrum of a Holographic Dual of QCD text January 2005
The Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn Sum Rule and the Spin Structure of the Nucleon text January 2004
Dispersion-theoretical analysis of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors journal January 1996
DETERMINATION OF THE LOW Q2 EVOLUTION OF THE BJORKEN INTEGRAL conference February 2005
The nucleon axial charge from lattice QCD with controlled errors text January 2012
Superconformal Algebraic Approach to Hadron Structure text January 2016
Investigation of the Second Moment of the Nucleon's g1 and g2 Structure Functions in Two-Flavor Lattice QCD text January 2005
QCD Analysis of Polarized Deep Inelastic Data and Parton Distributions text January 2002
QCD radiative and power corrections and Generalized GDH sum rules text January 2004
Experimental determination of the effective strong coupling constant text January 2005
Nucleon Structure Functions within a Chiral Soliton Model text January 1997
Instantons and Polarized Structure Functions text January 1997
Theoretical Analysis of Polarized Structure Functions text January 1998
High-Energy Single-Arm Inelastic e - p and e - d Scattering at 6-Degrees and 10-Degrees collection January 1981
Measurement of the spin asymmetry in the photoproduction of pairs of high p(T) hadrons at HERMES. collection January 1999
First measurement of the transverse spin asymmetries of the deuteron in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering. collection January 2005
Measurement of the virtual-photon asymmetry A2 and the spin-structure function g2 of the proton collection January 2014
Measurement of longitudinal spin asymmetries for weak boson production in polarized proton-proton collisions at RHIC collection January 2016

Cited By (12)

Nonsinglet polarized nucleon structure function in infrared-safe QCD journal December 2019
Complete flavor decomposition of the spin and momentum fraction of the proton using lattice QCD simulations at physical pion mass journal May 2020
Process-Independent Effective Coupling: From QCD Green’s Functions to Phenomenology journal July 2018
First Monte Carlo Global Analysis of Nucleon Transversity with Lattice QCD Constraints journal April 2018
η ′ and η mesons with connection to anomalous glue journal February 2019
Azimuthal asymmetries of back-to-back π ± − ( π 0 ,   η ,   π ± ) pairs in e + e − annihilation journal November 2019
Optically polarized He 3 journal December 2017
Quantum trajectories in spin-exchange collisions reveal the nature of spin-noise correlations in multi-species alkali vapors text January 2019
Angular momentum of the electron: One-loop studies journal June 2020
Novel twist-three transverse-spin sum rule for the proton and related generalized parton distributions journal August 2021
Electromagnetic angular momentum of the electron: One-loop studies text January 2019
Probing the limits of quantum theory with quantum information at subnuclear scales text January 2021

Figures / Tables (30)

Figure 1(p. 7)figure Figure 1
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Table 1(p. 48)table Table 1
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Figure 12(p. 54)figure Figure 12
Table 2(p. 55)table Table 2
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Table 11(p. 77)table Table 11

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