Observation of a Majorana zero mode in a topologically protected edge channel

Jäck, Berthold; Xie, Yonglong; Li, Jian; Jeon, Sangjun; Bernevig, B. Andrei; Yazdani, Ali

doi:10.1126/science.aax1444

Title: Observation of a Majorana zero mode in a topologically protected edge channel

Abstract

Superconducting proximity pairing in helical edge modes, such as those of topological insulators, is predicted to provide a unique platform for realizing Majorana zero modes (MZMs). We used scanning tunneling microscopy measurements to probe the influence of proximity-induced superconductivity and magnetism on the helical hinge states of bismuth(111) films grown on a superconducting niobium substrate and decorated with magnetic iron clusters. Consistent with model calculations, our measurements revealed the emergence of a localized MZM at the interface between the superconducting helical edge channel and the iron clusters, with a strong magnetization component along the edge. Our experiments also resolve the MZM’s spin signature, which distinguishes it from trivial in-gap states that may accidentally occur at zero energy in a superconductor.

Authors:

^[1]; Xie, Yonglong ^[1];

^[2];

^[1];

^[1]

Joseph Henry Laboratories and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
Institute for Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China., School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.

Publication Date:: 2019-06-13

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1529747

Grant/Contract Number:: de- sc0016239

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Science

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Science Journal Volume: 364 Journal Issue: 6447; Journal ID: ISSN 0036-8075

Publisher:: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Formats


                    Jäck, Berthold, Xie, Yonglong, Li, Jian, Jeon, Sangjun, Bernevig, B. Andrei, and Yazdani, Ali. Observation of a Majorana zero mode in a topologically protected edge channel.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
        Web.  doi:10.1126/science.aax1444.

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                    Jäck, Berthold, Xie, Yonglong, Li, Jian, Jeon, Sangjun, Bernevig, B. Andrei, & Yazdani, Ali. Observation of a Majorana zero mode in a topologically protected edge channel.  United States.  doi:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax1444

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                    Jäck, Berthold, Xie, Yonglong, Li, Jian, Jeon, Sangjun, Bernevig, B. Andrei, and Yazdani, Ali. Thu .  
        "Observation of a Majorana zero mode in a topologically protected edge channel".  United States.  doi:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax1444.

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@article{osti_1529747,

  title        = {Observation of a Majorana zero mode in a topologically protected edge channel},

  author       = {Jäck, Berthold and Xie, Yonglong and Li, Jian and Jeon, Sangjun and Bernevig, B. Andrei and Yazdani, Ali},

  abstractNote = {Superconducting proximity pairing in helical edge modes, such as those of topological insulators, is predicted to provide a unique platform for realizing Majorana zero modes (MZMs). We used scanning tunneling microscopy measurements to probe the influence of proximity-induced superconductivity and magnetism on the helical hinge states of bismuth(111) films grown on a superconducting niobium substrate and decorated with magnetic iron clusters. Consistent with model calculations, our measurements revealed the emergence of a localized MZM at the interface between the superconducting helical edge channel and the iron clusters, with a strong magnetization component along the edge. Our experiments also resolve the MZM’s spin signature, which distinguishes it from trivial in-gap states that may accidentally occur at zero energy in a superconductor.},

  doi          = {10.1126/science.aax1444},

  journal      = {Science},

  number       = 6447,

  volume       = 364,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {6}

}

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax1444

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Title: Observation of a Majorana zero mode in a topologically protected edge channel

Abstract

Citation Formats

Majorana qubit decoherence by quasiparticle poisoning journal, May 2012

Impurity-induced states in conventional and unconventional superconductors journal, May 2006

Direct Measurement of Quasiparticle-Lifetime Broadening in a Strong-Coupled Superconductor journal, November 1978

Quantized Majorana conductance journal, March 2018

Strong Localization of Majorana End States in Chains of Magnetic Adatoms journal, March 2015

Distinguishing a Majorana zero mode using spin-resolved measurements journal, October 2017

Majorana Kramers Pairs in Higher-Order Topological Insulators journal, November 2018

Coexistence of Topological Edge State and Superconductivity in Bismuth Ultrathin Film journal, April 2017

Majorana fermions in semiconductor nanowires journal, October 2011

Observation of the quantum spin Hall effect up to 100 kelvin in a monolayer crystal journal, January 2018

Majorana Fermions and a Topological Phase Transition in Semiconductor-Superconductor Heterostructures journal, August 2010

Higher-order topological insulators journal, June 2018

Scaling of Majorana Zero-Bias Conductance Peaks journal, September 2017

Higher-order topology in bismuth journal, July 2018

Electrically tunable low-density superconductivity in a monolayer topological insulator journal, October 2018

Ballistic edge states in Bismuth nanowires revealed by SQUID interferometry journal, July 2017

Helical Liquids and Majorana Bound States in Quantum Wires journal, October 2010

Signatures of Majorana Fermions in Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Nanowire Devices journal, April 2012

Electric multipole moments, topological multipole moment pumping, and chiral hinge states in crystalline insulators journal, December 2017

Proposal for realizing Majorana fermions in chains of magnetic atoms on a superconductor journal, July 2013

Spin mapping at the nanoscale and atomic scale journal, November 2009

Topological Superconductivity and Majorana Fermions in RKKY Systems journal, November 2013

Unpaired Majorana fermions in quantum wires journal, October 2001

Reflection-Symmetric Second-Order Topological Insulators and Superconductors journal, December 2017

( d − 2 ) -Dimensional Edge States of Rotation Symmetry Protected Topological States journal, December 2017

Majorana spin in magnetic atomic chain systems journal, March 2018

Non-Abelian anyons and topological quantum computation journal, September 2008

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Fault-tolerant quantum computation by anyons journal, January 2003

Quantum Spin Hall Effect and Enhanced Magnetic Response by Spin-Orbit Coupling journal, December 2006

Spin and Majorana Polarization in Topological Superconducting Wires journal, March 2012

Majorana bound state in a coupled quantum-dot hybrid-nanowire system journal, December 2016

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One-dimensional topological edge states of bismuth bilayers journal, August 2014

Splitting the Hinge Mode of Higher-Order Topological Insulators journal, July 2019

Proposal for the detection and braiding of Majorana fermions in a quantum spin Hall insulator journal, June 2013

Evidence for Majorana bound states in an iron-based superconductor journal, August 2018

Zero-energy vortex bound state in the superconducting topological surface state of Fe(Se,Te) journal, June 2019

Majorana qubit decoherence by quasiparticle poisoning
journal, May 2012

Impurity-induced states in conventional and unconventional superconductors
journal, May 2006

Direct Measurement of Quasiparticle-Lifetime Broadening in a Strong-Coupled Superconductor
journal, November 1978

Quantized Majorana conductance
journal, March 2018

Strong Localization of Majorana End States in Chains of Magnetic Adatoms
journal, March 2015

Distinguishing a Majorana zero mode using spin-resolved measurements
journal, October 2017

Majorana Kramers Pairs in Higher-Order Topological Insulators
journal, November 2018

Coexistence of Topological Edge State and Superconductivity in Bismuth Ultrathin Film
journal, April 2017

Majorana fermions in semiconductor nanowires
journal, October 2011

Observation of the quantum spin Hall effect up to 100 kelvin in a monolayer crystal
journal, January 2018

Majorana Fermions and a Topological Phase Transition in Semiconductor-Superconductor Heterostructures
journal, August 2010

Higher-order topological insulators
journal, June 2018

Scaling of Majorana Zero-Bias Conductance Peaks
journal, September 2017

Higher-order topology in bismuth
journal, July 2018

Electrically tunable low-density superconductivity in a monolayer topological insulator
journal, October 2018

Ballistic edge states in Bismuth nanowires revealed by SQUID interferometry
journal, July 2017

Helical Liquids and Majorana Bound States in Quantum Wires
journal, October 2010

Signatures of Majorana Fermions in Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Nanowire Devices
journal, April 2012

Electric multipole moments, topological multipole moment pumping, and chiral hinge states in crystalline insulators
journal, December 2017

Proposal for realizing Majorana fermions in chains of magnetic atoms on a superconductor
journal, July 2013

Spin mapping at the nanoscale and atomic scale
journal, November 2009

Topological Superconductivity and Majorana Fermions in RKKY Systems
journal, November 2013

Unpaired Majorana fermions in quantum wires
journal, October 2001

Reflection-Symmetric Second-Order Topological Insulators and Superconductors
journal, December 2017

$(d - 2)$ -Dimensional Edge States of Rotation Symmetry Protected Topological States
journal, December 2017

Majorana spin in magnetic atomic chain systems
journal, March 2018

Non-Abelian anyons and topological quantum computation
journal, September 2008

Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit
journal, June 2017

Fault-tolerant quantum computation by anyons
journal, January 2003

Quantum Spin Hall Effect and Enhanced Magnetic Response by Spin-Orbit Coupling
journal, December 2006

Spin and Majorana Polarization in Topological Superconducting Wires
journal, March 2012

Majorana bound state in a coupled quantum-dot hybrid-nanowire system
journal, December 2016

Quantized electric multipole insulators
journal, July 2017

Observation of Majorana fermions in ferromagnetic atomic chains on a superconductor
journal, October 2014

Topological superconducting phase in helical Shiba chains
journal, October 2013

Josephson current and noise at a superconductor/quantum-spin-Hall-insulator/superconductor junction
journal, April 2009

One-dimensional topological edge states of bismuth bilayers
journal, August 2014

Splitting the Hinge Mode of Higher-Order Topological Insulators
journal, July 2019

Proposal for the detection and braiding of Majorana fermions in a quantum spin Hall insulator
journal, June 2013

Evidence for Majorana bound states in an iron-based superconductor
journal, August 2018

Zero-energy vortex bound state in the superconducting topological surface state of Fe(Se,Te)
journal, June 2019