Observation of a Majorana zero mode in a topologically protected edge channel

doi:10.1126/science.aax1444

Title: Observation of a Majorana zero mode in a topologically protected edge channel

Abstract

Superconducting proximity pairing in helical edge modes, such as those of topological insulators, is predicted to provide a unique platform for realizing Majorana zero modes (MZMs). We used scanning tunneling microscopy measurements to probe the influence of proximity-induced superconductivity and magnetism on the helical hinge states of bismuth(111) films grown on a superconducting niobium substrate and decorated with magnetic iron clusters. Consistent with model calculations, our measurements revealed the emergence of a localized MZM at the interface between the superconducting helical edge channel and the iron clusters, with a strong magnetization component along the edge. Our experiments also resolve the MZM’s spin signature, which distinguishes it from trivial in-gap states that may accidentally occur at zero energy in a superconductor.

Authors:

; Xie, Yonglong;

;

Publication Date:: 2019-06-13

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1529747

Grant/Contract Number:: de- sc0016239

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Science

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Science Journal Volume: 364 Journal Issue: 6447; Journal ID: ISSN 0036-8075

Publisher:: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Formats


                    Jäck, Berthold, Xie, Yonglong, Li, Jian, Jeon, Sangjun, Bernevig, B. Andrei, and Yazdani, Ali. Observation of a Majorana zero mode in a topologically protected edge channel.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
        Web.  doi:10.1126/science.aax1444.

Copy to clipboard


                    Jäck, Berthold, Xie, Yonglong, Li, Jian, Jeon, Sangjun, Bernevig, B. Andrei, & Yazdani, Ali. Observation of a Majorana zero mode in a topologically protected edge channel.  United States.  doi:10.1126/science.aax1444.

Copy to clipboard


                    Jäck, Berthold, Xie, Yonglong, Li, Jian, Jeon, Sangjun, Bernevig, B. Andrei, and Yazdani, Ali. Thu .  
        "Observation of a Majorana zero mode in a topologically protected edge channel".  United States.  doi:10.1126/science.aax1444.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1529747,

  title        = {Observation of a Majorana zero mode in a topologically protected edge channel},

  author       = {Jäck, Berthold and Xie, Yonglong and Li, Jian and Jeon, Sangjun and Bernevig, B. Andrei and Yazdani, Ali},

  abstractNote = {Superconducting proximity pairing in helical edge modes, such as those of topological insulators, is predicted to provide a unique platform for realizing Majorana zero modes (MZMs). We used scanning tunneling microscopy measurements to probe the influence of proximity-induced superconductivity and magnetism on the helical hinge states of bismuth(111) films grown on a superconducting niobium substrate and decorated with magnetic iron clusters. Consistent with model calculations, our measurements revealed the emergence of a localized MZM at the interface between the superconducting helical edge channel and the iron clusters, with a strong magnetization component along the edge. Our experiments also resolve the MZM’s spin signature, which distinguishes it from trivial in-gap states that may accidentally occur at zero energy in a superconductor.},

  doi          = {10.1126/science.aax1444},

  journal      = {Science},

  number       = 6447,

  volume       = 364,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {6}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Publisher's Version of Record
DOI: 10.1126/science.aax1444

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 5 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Majorana qubit decoherence by quasiparticle poisoning
journal, May 2012

Rainis, Diego; Loss, Daniel
Physical Review B, Vol. 85, Issue 17
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.174533

Impurity-induced states in conventional and unconventional superconductors
journal, May 2006

Balatsky, A. V.; Vekhter, I.; Zhu, Jian-Xin
Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 78, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.78.373

Direct Measurement of Quasiparticle-Lifetime Broadening in a Strong-Coupled Superconductor
journal, November 1978

Dynes, R. C.; Narayanamurti, V.; Garno, J. P.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 21
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.41.1509

Quantized Majorana conductance
journal, March 2018

Zhang, Hao; Liu, Chun-Xiao; Gazibegovic, Sasa
Nature, Vol. 556, Issue 7699
DOI: 10.1038/nature26142

Strong Localization of Majorana End States in Chains of Magnetic Adatoms
journal, March 2015

Peng, Yang; Pientka, Falko; Glazman, Leonid I.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.106801

Distinguishing a Majorana zero mode using spin-resolved measurements
journal, October 2017

Jeon, Sangjun; Xie, Yonglong; Li, Jian
Science, Vol. 358, Issue 6364
DOI: 10.1126/science.aan3670

Majorana Kramers Pairs in Higher-Order Topological Insulators
journal, November 2018

Hsu, Chen-Hsuan; Stano, Peter; Klinovaja, Jelena
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 19
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.196801

Coexistence of Topological Edge State and Superconductivity in Bismuth Ultrathin Film
journal, April 2017

Sun, Hao-Hua; Wang, Mei-Xiao; Zhu, Fengfeng
Nano Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00365

Majorana fermions in semiconductor nanowires
journal, October 2011

Stanescu, Tudor D.; Lutchyn, Roman M.; Das Sarma, S.
Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 14
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.144522

Observation of the quantum spin Hall effect up to 100 kelvin in a monolayer crystal
journal, January 2018

Wu, Sanfeng; Fatemi, Valla; Gibson, Quinn D.
Science, Vol. 359, Issue 6371
DOI: 10.1126/science.aan6003

Majorana Fermions and a Topological Phase Transition in Semiconductor-Superconductor Heterostructures
journal, August 2010

Lutchyn, Roman M.; Sau, Jay D.; Das Sarma, S.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 7
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.077001

Higher-order topological insulators
journal, June 2018

Schindler, Frank; Cook, Ashley M.; Vergniory, Maia G.
Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat0346

Scaling of Majorana Zero-Bias Conductance Peaks
journal, September 2017

Nichele, Fabrizio; Drachmann, Asbjørn C. C.; Whiticar, Alexander M.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 13
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.136803

Higher-order topology in bismuth
journal, July 2018

Schindler, Frank; Wang, Zhijun; Vergniory, Maia G.
Nature Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1038/s41567-018-0224-7

Electrically tunable low-density superconductivity in a monolayer topological insulator
journal, October 2018

Fatemi, Valla; Wu, Sanfeng; Cao, Yuan
Science, Vol. 362, Issue 6417
DOI: 10.1126/science.aar4642

Ballistic edge states in Bismuth nanowires revealed by SQUID interferometry
journal, July 2017

Murani, Anil; Kasumov, Alik; Sengupta, Shamashis
Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15941

Helical Liquids and Majorana Bound States in Quantum Wires
journal, October 2010

Oreg, Yuval; Refael, Gil; von Oppen, Felix
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 17
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.177002

Signatures of Majorana Fermions in Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Nanowire Devices
journal, April 2012

Mourik, V.; Zuo, K.; Frolov, S. M.
Science, Vol. 336, Issue 6084
DOI: 10.1126/science.1222360

Electric multipole moments, topological multipole moment pumping, and chiral hinge states in crystalline insulators
journal, December 2017

Benalcazar, Wladimir A.; Bernevig, B. Andrei; Hughes, Taylor L.
Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 24
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.245115

Proposal for realizing Majorana fermions in chains of magnetic atoms on a superconductor
journal, July 2013

Nadj-Perge, S.; Drozdov, I. K.; Bernevig, B. A.
Physical Review B, Vol. 88, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.020407

Spin mapping at the nanoscale and atomic scale
journal, November 2009

Wiesendanger, Roland
Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 81, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1495

Topological Superconductivity and Majorana Fermions in RKKY Systems
journal, November 2013

Klinovaja, Jelena; Stano, Peter; Yazdani, Ali
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 18
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.186805

Unpaired Majorana fermions in quantum wires
journal, October 2001

Kitaev, A. Yu
Physics-Uspekhi, Vol. 44, Issue 10S
DOI: 10.1070/1063-7869/44/10S/S29

Reflection-Symmetric Second-Order Topological Insulators and Superconductors
journal, December 2017

Langbehn, Josias; Peng, Yang; Trifunovic, Luka
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 24
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.246401

$(d - 2)$ -Dimensional Edge States of Rotation Symmetry Protected Topological States
journal, December 2017

Song, Zhida; Fang, Zhong; Fang, Chen
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 24
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.246402

Majorana spin in magnetic atomic chain systems
journal, March 2018

Li, Jian; Jeon, Sangjun; Xie, Yonglong
Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.97.125119

Non-Abelian anyons and topological quantum computation
journal, September 2008

Nayak, Chetan; Simon, Steven H.; Stern, Ady
Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 80, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.80.1083

Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit
journal, June 2017

Huang, Bevin; Clark, Genevieve; Navarro-Moratalla, Efrén
Nature, Vol. 546, Issue 7657
DOI: 10.1038/nature22391

Fault-tolerant quantum computation by anyons
journal, January 2003

Kitaev, A. Yu.
Annals of Physics, Vol. 303, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4916(02)00018-0

Quantum Spin Hall Effect and Enhanced Magnetic Response by Spin-Orbit Coupling
journal, December 2006

Murakami, Shuichi
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 23
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.236805

Spin and Majorana Polarization in Topological Superconducting Wires
journal, March 2012

Sticlet, Doru; Bena, Cristina; Simon, Pascal
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.096802

Majorana bound state in a coupled quantum-dot hybrid-nanowire system
journal, December 2016

Deng, M. T.; Vaitiekėnas, S.; Hansen, E. B.
Science, Vol. 354, Issue 6319
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf3961

Quantized electric multipole insulators
journal, July 2017

Benalcazar, Wladimir A.; Bernevig, B. Andrei; Hughes, Taylor L.
Science, Vol. 357, Issue 6346
DOI: 10.1126/science.aah6442

Observation of Majorana fermions in ferromagnetic atomic chains on a superconductor
journal, October 2014

Nadj-Perge, S.; Drozdov, I. K.; Li, J.
Science, Vol. 346, Issue 6209
DOI: 10.1126/science.1259327

Topological superconducting phase in helical Shiba chains
journal, October 2013

Pientka, Falko; Glazman, Leonid I.; von Oppen, Felix
Physical Review B, Vol. 88, Issue 15
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.155420

Josephson current and noise at a superconductor/quantum-spin-Hall-insulator/superconductor junction
journal, April 2009

Fu, Liang; Kane, C. L.
Physical Review B, Vol. 79, Issue 16
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.161408

One-dimensional topological edge states of bismuth bilayers
journal, August 2014

Drozdov, Ilya K.; Alexandradinata, A.; Jeon, Sangjun
Nature Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1038/nphys3048

Proposal for the detection and braiding of Majorana fermions in a quantum spin Hall insulator
journal, June 2013

Mi, Shuo; Pikulin, D. I.; Wimmer, M.
Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 24
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.241405

Evidence for Majorana bound states in an iron-based superconductor
journal, August 2018

Wang, Dongfei; Kong, Lingyuan; Fan, Peng
Science, Vol. 362, Issue 6412
DOI: 10.1126/science.aao1797

Zero-energy vortex bound state in the superconducting topological surface state of Fe(Se,Te)
journal, June 2019

Machida, T.; Sun, Y.; Pyon, S.
Nature Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0397-1

Splitting the Hinge Mode of Higher-Order Topological Insulators
journal, July 2019

Queiroz, Raquel; Stern, Ady
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.036802

Similar records in OSTI.GOV collections:

Half-integer level shift of vortex bound states in an iron-based superconductor

Journal Article Kong, Lingyuan ; Zhu, Shiyu ; Papaj, Michal ; ... - Nature Physics

Vortices in topological superconductors host Majorana zero modes (MZMs), which are proposed to be building blocks of fault-tolerant topological quantum computers. Recently, a new single-material platform for realizing MZM has been discovered in iron-based superconductors, without involving hybrid semiconductor-superconductor structures. Here we report on a detailed scanning tunneling spectroscopy study of a FeTe _0.55Se _0.45 single crystal, revealing two distinct classes of vortices present in this system which differ by a half-integer level shift in the energy spectra of the vortex bound states. This level shift is directly tied with the presence or absence of zero-bias peak and also altersmore »« less
DOI: 10.1038/s41567-019-0630-5
Higher-order topological insulators

Journal Article Schindler, Frank ; Cook, Ashley M. ; Vergniory, Maia G. ; ... - Science Advances

Three-dimensional topological (crystalline) insulators are materials with an insulating bulk but conducting surface states that are topologically protected by time-reversal (or spatial) symmetries. We extend the notion of three-dimensional topological insulators to systems that host no gapless surface states but exhibit topologically protected gapless hinge states. Their topological character is protected by spatiotemporal symmetries of which we present two cases: (i) Chiral higher-order topological insulators protected by the combination of time-reversal and a fourfold rotation symmetry. Their hinge states are chiral modes, and the bulk topology is Embedded Image-classified. (ii) Helical higher-order topological insulators protected by time-reversal and mirror symmetries.more »« less
Cited by 135
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat0346

Full Text Available
Nearly quantized conductance plateau of vortex zero mode in an iron-based superconductor

Journal Article Zhu, Shiyu ; Kong, Lingyuan ; Cao, Lu ; ... - Science

Majorana zero modes (MZMs) are spatially-localized zero-energy fractional quasiparticles with non-Abelian braiding statistics that hold promise for topological quantum computing. Owing to the particle-antiparticle equivalence, MZMs reflect quantized conductance at low temperature. By utilizing variable-tunnel-coupled scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we study tunneling conductance of vortex bound states on FeTe _0.55Se _0.45superconductors. Here, we report observations of conductance plateaus as a function of tunnel coupling for zero-energy vortex bound states with values close to or even reaching the 2 e ²/ h quantum conductance (here eis the electron charge and h is Planck’s constant). In contrast, no plateaus were observed onmore »« less
DOI: 10.1126/science.aax0274
Observation of topological superconductivity on the surface of an iron-based superconductor

Journal Article Zhang, Peng ; Yaji, Koichiro ; Hashimoto, Takahiro ; ... - Science

Topological superconductors are predicted to host exotic Majorana states that obey non-Abelian statistics and can be used to implement a topological quantum computer. Most of the proposed topological superconductors are realized in difficult-to-fabricate heterostructures at very low temperatures. By using high-resolution spin-resolved and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, we find that the iron-based superconductor FeTe _1–xSe _x (x = 0.45; superconducting transition temperature T _c = 14.5 kelvin) hosts Dirac-cone–type spin-helical surface states at the Fermi level; the surface states exhibit an s-wave superconducting gap below T _c. Thus, our study shows that the surface states of FeTe _0.55Se _0.45 are topologicallymore »« less
Cited by 49
DOI: 10.1126/science.aan4596

Full Text Available
Higher-order topology in bismuth

Journal Article Schindler, Frank ; Wang, Zhijun ; Vergniory, Maia G. ; ... - Nature Physics

The mathematical field of topology has become a framework in which to describe the low-energy electronic structure of crystalline solids. Typical of a bulk insulating three-dimensional topological crystal are conducting two-dimensional surface states. This constitutes the topological bulk–boundary correspondence. We establish that the electronic structure of bismuth, an element consistently described as bulk topologically trivial, is in fact topological and follows a generalized bulk–boundary correspondence of higher-order: not the surfaces of the crystal, but its hinges host topologically protected conducting modes. These hinge modes are protected against localization by time-reversal symmetry locally, and globally by the three-fold rotational symmetry andmore »« less
Cited by 65
DOI: 10.1038/s41567-018-0224-7

Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Observation of a Majorana zero mode in a topologically protected edge channel

Abstract

Citation Formats

Majorana qubit decoherence by quasiparticle poisoning journal, May 2012

Impurity-induced states in conventional and unconventional superconductors journal, May 2006

Direct Measurement of Quasiparticle-Lifetime Broadening in a Strong-Coupled Superconductor journal, November 1978

Quantized Majorana conductance journal, March 2018

Strong Localization of Majorana End States in Chains of Magnetic Adatoms journal, March 2015

Distinguishing a Majorana zero mode using spin-resolved measurements journal, October 2017

Majorana Kramers Pairs in Higher-Order Topological Insulators journal, November 2018

Coexistence of Topological Edge State and Superconductivity in Bismuth Ultrathin Film journal, April 2017

Majorana fermions in semiconductor nanowires journal, October 2011

Observation of the quantum spin Hall effect up to 100 kelvin in a monolayer crystal journal, January 2018

Majorana Fermions and a Topological Phase Transition in Semiconductor-Superconductor Heterostructures journal, August 2010

Higher-order topological insulators journal, June 2018

Scaling of Majorana Zero-Bias Conductance Peaks journal, September 2017

Higher-order topology in bismuth journal, July 2018

Electrically tunable low-density superconductivity in a monolayer topological insulator journal, October 2018

Ballistic edge states in Bismuth nanowires revealed by SQUID interferometry journal, July 2017

Helical Liquids and Majorana Bound States in Quantum Wires journal, October 2010

Signatures of Majorana Fermions in Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Nanowire Devices journal, April 2012

Electric multipole moments, topological multipole moment pumping, and chiral hinge states in crystalline insulators journal, December 2017

Proposal for realizing Majorana fermions in chains of magnetic atoms on a superconductor journal, July 2013

Spin mapping at the nanoscale and atomic scale journal, November 2009

Topological Superconductivity and Majorana Fermions in RKKY Systems journal, November 2013

Unpaired Majorana fermions in quantum wires journal, October 2001

Reflection-Symmetric Second-Order Topological Insulators and Superconductors journal, December 2017

( d − 2 ) -Dimensional Edge States of Rotation Symmetry Protected Topological States journal, December 2017

Majorana spin in magnetic atomic chain systems journal, March 2018

Non-Abelian anyons and topological quantum computation journal, September 2008

Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit journal, June 2017

Fault-tolerant quantum computation by anyons journal, January 2003

Quantum Spin Hall Effect and Enhanced Magnetic Response by Spin-Orbit Coupling journal, December 2006

Spin and Majorana Polarization in Topological Superconducting Wires journal, March 2012

Majorana bound state in a coupled quantum-dot hybrid-nanowire system journal, December 2016

Quantized electric multipole insulators journal, July 2017

Observation of Majorana fermions in ferromagnetic atomic chains on a superconductor journal, October 2014

Topological superconducting phase in helical Shiba chains journal, October 2013

Josephson current and noise at a superconductor/quantum-spin-Hall-insulator/superconductor junction journal, April 2009

One-dimensional topological edge states of bismuth bilayers journal, August 2014

Proposal for the detection and braiding of Majorana fermions in a quantum spin Hall insulator journal, June 2013

Evidence for Majorana bound states in an iron-based superconductor journal, August 2018

Zero-energy vortex bound state in the superconducting topological surface state of Fe(Se,Te) journal, June 2019

Splitting the Hinge Mode of Higher-Order Topological Insulators journal, July 2019

Majorana qubit decoherence by quasiparticle poisoning
journal, May 2012

Impurity-induced states in conventional and unconventional superconductors
journal, May 2006

Direct Measurement of Quasiparticle-Lifetime Broadening in a Strong-Coupled Superconductor
journal, November 1978

Quantized Majorana conductance
journal, March 2018

Strong Localization of Majorana End States in Chains of Magnetic Adatoms
journal, March 2015

Distinguishing a Majorana zero mode using spin-resolved measurements
journal, October 2017

Majorana Kramers Pairs in Higher-Order Topological Insulators
journal, November 2018

Coexistence of Topological Edge State and Superconductivity in Bismuth Ultrathin Film
journal, April 2017

Majorana fermions in semiconductor nanowires
journal, October 2011

Observation of the quantum spin Hall effect up to 100 kelvin in a monolayer crystal
journal, January 2018

Majorana Fermions and a Topological Phase Transition in Semiconductor-Superconductor Heterostructures
journal, August 2010

Higher-order topological insulators
journal, June 2018

Scaling of Majorana Zero-Bias Conductance Peaks
journal, September 2017

Higher-order topology in bismuth
journal, July 2018

Electrically tunable low-density superconductivity in a monolayer topological insulator
journal, October 2018

Ballistic edge states in Bismuth nanowires revealed by SQUID interferometry
journal, July 2017

Helical Liquids and Majorana Bound States in Quantum Wires
journal, October 2010

Signatures of Majorana Fermions in Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Nanowire Devices
journal, April 2012

Electric multipole moments, topological multipole moment pumping, and chiral hinge states in crystalline insulators
journal, December 2017

Proposal for realizing Majorana fermions in chains of magnetic atoms on a superconductor
journal, July 2013

Spin mapping at the nanoscale and atomic scale
journal, November 2009

Topological Superconductivity and Majorana Fermions in RKKY Systems
journal, November 2013

Unpaired Majorana fermions in quantum wires
journal, October 2001

Reflection-Symmetric Second-Order Topological Insulators and Superconductors
journal, December 2017

$(d - 2)$ -Dimensional Edge States of Rotation Symmetry Protected Topological States
journal, December 2017

Majorana spin in magnetic atomic chain systems
journal, March 2018

Non-Abelian anyons and topological quantum computation
journal, September 2008

Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit
journal, June 2017

Fault-tolerant quantum computation by anyons
journal, January 2003

Quantum Spin Hall Effect and Enhanced Magnetic Response by Spin-Orbit Coupling
journal, December 2006

Spin and Majorana Polarization in Topological Superconducting Wires
journal, March 2012

Majorana bound state in a coupled quantum-dot hybrid-nanowire system
journal, December 2016

Quantized electric multipole insulators
journal, July 2017

Observation of Majorana fermions in ferromagnetic atomic chains on a superconductor
journal, October 2014

Topological superconducting phase in helical Shiba chains
journal, October 2013

Josephson current and noise at a superconductor/quantum-spin-Hall-insulator/superconductor junction
journal, April 2009

One-dimensional topological edge states of bismuth bilayers
journal, August 2014

Proposal for the detection and braiding of Majorana fermions in a quantum spin Hall insulator
journal, June 2013

Evidence for Majorana bound states in an iron-based superconductor
journal, August 2018

Zero-energy vortex bound state in the superconducting topological surface state of Fe(Se,Te)
journal, June 2019

Splitting the Hinge Mode of Higher-Order Topological Insulators
journal, July 2019