Co-digestion of Wastewater-Grown Filamentous Algae With Sewage Sludge Improves Biomethane Production and Energy Balance Compared to Thermal, Chemical, or Thermochemical Pretreatments

Bohutskyi, Pavlo; Keller, Troy A.; Phan, Duc; Parris, Markeshia L.; Li, Mengyuan; Richardson, Lakesha; Kopachevsky, Anatoliy M.

doi:10.3389/fenrg.2019.00047

Title: Co-digestion of Wastewater-Grown Filamentous Algae With Sewage Sludge Improves Biomethane Production and Energy Balance Compared to Thermal, Chemical, or Thermochemical Pretreatments

Abstract

Wastewater algal treatment systems show improved economic viability and enhanced energy return on investment when the algal biomass is converted to biofuel. One biofuel option is to anaerobically digest the algae to generate bio-methane. This method is appropriate for filamentous algae that are typical of turf scrubbers^®, because they have relatively low lipid content. But unbalanced carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio and the resistance of algal biomass to biodegradation can limit it conversion into bio-methane. To evaluate options to improve algal derived bio-methane production, an indigenous assembly of macro-algae was established and cultivated in CO₂-infused secondary wastewater effluent, then harvested and either anaerobically digested using pretreatments or co-digested with sewage sludge. Results were used to develop methane production kinetic models and perform an AD system energy balance analysis in order to evaluate the feasibility of pretreatment and co-digestion for a scaled process. Dominated by Ulothrix and Oedogonium periphyton biomass production rates averaged 3.7±0.4 g VS m^-2 d^-1 (±1SD) and increased by 62 % in the second half of the 14 day cultivation experiment. Ultimate methane yield from harvested biomass (306±13 mL gVS^-1) was improved through thermal pretreatment by 15%, dilute acid by 5%, dilute alkali by 17%, acid- and alkali-assistedmore »« less

Authors:: Bohutskyi, Pavlo; Keller, Troy A.; Phan, Duc; Parris, Markeshia L.; Li, Mengyuan; Richardson, Lakesha; Kopachevsky, Anatoliy M.

Publication Date:: Wed Jun 12 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO)

OSTI Identifier:: 1525900

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1529546

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-139910
Journal ID: ISSN 2296-598X; 47

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Frontiers in Energy Research

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Frontiers in Energy Research Journal Volume: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 2296-598X

Publisher:: Frontiers Research Foundation

Country of Publication:: Switzerland

Language:: English

Subject:: 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; indigenous algal polyculture; algal biomass pretreatment; algae co-digestion with sewage sludge; methane production models; scaled digester energy balance analysis

Citation Formats


                    Bohutskyi, Pavlo, Keller, Troy A., Phan, Duc, Parris, Markeshia L., Li, Mengyuan, Richardson, Lakesha, and Kopachevsky, Anatoliy M. Co-digestion of Wastewater-Grown Filamentous Algae With Sewage Sludge Improves Biomethane Production and Energy Balance Compared to Thermal, Chemical, or Thermochemical Pretreatments.  Switzerland: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.3389/fenrg.2019.00047.

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                    Bohutskyi, Pavlo, Keller, Troy A., Phan, Duc, Parris, Markeshia L., Li, Mengyuan, Richardson, Lakesha, & Kopachevsky, Anatoliy M. Co-digestion of Wastewater-Grown Filamentous Algae With Sewage Sludge Improves Biomethane Production and Energy Balance Compared to Thermal, Chemical, or Thermochemical Pretreatments.  Switzerland.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2019.00047

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                    Bohutskyi, Pavlo, Keller, Troy A., Phan, Duc, Parris, Markeshia L., Li, Mengyuan, Richardson, Lakesha, and Kopachevsky, Anatoliy M. Wed .  
"Co-digestion of Wastewater-Grown Filamentous Algae With Sewage Sludge Improves Biomethane Production and Energy Balance Compared to Thermal, Chemical, or Thermochemical Pretreatments".  Switzerland.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2019.00047.

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@article{osti_1525900,

  title        = {Co-digestion of Wastewater-Grown Filamentous Algae With Sewage Sludge Improves Biomethane Production and Energy Balance Compared to Thermal, Chemical, or Thermochemical Pretreatments},

  author       = {Bohutskyi, Pavlo and Keller, Troy A. and Phan, Duc and Parris, Markeshia L. and Li, Mengyuan and Richardson, Lakesha and Kopachevsky, Anatoliy M.},

  abstractNote = {Wastewater algal treatment systems show improved economic viability and enhanced energy return on investment when the algal biomass is converted to biofuel. One biofuel option is to anaerobically digest the algae to generate bio-methane. This method is appropriate for filamentous algae that are typical of turf scrubbers®, because they have relatively low lipid content. But unbalanced carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio and the resistance of algal biomass to biodegradation can limit it conversion into bio-methane. To evaluate options to improve algal derived bio-methane production, an indigenous assembly of macro-algae was established and cultivated in CO2-infused secondary wastewater effluent, then harvested and either anaerobically digested using pretreatments or co-digested with sewage sludge. Results were used to develop methane production kinetic models and perform an AD system energy balance analysis in order to evaluate the feasibility of pretreatment and co-digestion for a scaled process. Dominated by Ulothrix and Oedogonium periphyton biomass production rates averaged 3.7±0.4 g VS m-2 d-1 (±1SD) and increased by 62 % in the second half of the 14 day cultivation experiment. Ultimate methane yield from harvested biomass (306±13 mL gVS-1) was improved through thermal pretreatment by 15%, dilute acid by 5%, dilute alkali by 17%, acid- and alkali-assisted thermochemical pretreatments by 23 and 27%, respectively. However, all pretreatment methods had negative impact on energy balance parameters except alkali-assisted thermochemical pretreatment, which provided only a minor positive effect. In contrast, co-digestion of algal biomass with sewage sludge enhanced methane yield and reached maximum value of 401±3 mL gVS-1 at algae to sludge ratio of 20% to 80%. Most importantly, co-digestion strongly improved AD system energy balance. Net Energy Ratio and Net Energy Efficiency increased from 2.8 and 73% for algae as sole substrate to 4.3 and 81%, respectively, for an algae to sludge ratio of 20%:80%. Moreover, the Net Energy Recovery during co-digestion reached 39% compared to only 26% and 33% when algae or sewage sludge were processed as single-substrates. Thus, co-digestion of algae with sewage sludge serves as an attractive option for extracting bioenergy from biomass harvested from filamentous algal polyculture treatment systems.},

  doi          = {10.3389/fenrg.2019.00047},

  journal      = {Frontiers in Energy Research},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 7,

  place        = {Switzerland},

  year         = {Wed Jun 12 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Wed Jun 12 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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Hydrothermal but Not Mechanical Pretreatment of Wastewater Algae Enhanced Anaerobic Digestion Energy Balance due to Improved Biomass Disintegration and Methane Production Kinetics

Journal Article Bohutskyi, Pavlo ; Phan, Duc ; Spierling, Ruth E. ; ... - Energies

This study used pilot-scale high-rate algae ponds to assess algal–bacteria biomass productivity and wastewater nutrient removal as well as the impact of mechanical and hydrothermal pretreatments on biomass disintegration, methane production kinetics, and anaerobic digestion (AD) energy balance. Mechanical pretreatment had a minor effect on biomass disintegration and methane production. By contrast, hydrothermal pretreatment significantly reduced particle size and increased the solubilized organic matter content by 3.5 times. The methane yield and production rate increased by 20–55% and 20–85%, respectively, with the highest values achieved after pretreatment at 121 °C for 60 min. While the 1st-order and pseudo-1st-order reaction equationmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.3390/en16207146
Bioenergy from wastewater resources: Nutrient removal, productivity and settleability of indigenous algal-bacteria polyculture, and effect of biomass composition variability on methane production kinetics and anaerobic digestion energy balance

Journal Article Bohutskyi, Pavlo ; Spierling, Ruth E. ; Phan, Duc ; ... - Algal Research

Algal-bacteria high-rate ponds represent an energy-efficient wastewater treatment approach and a source for affordable and sustainable biomass feedstock for production of renewable energy through anaerobic digestion (AD). However, there is still a need for more data on wastewater treatment efficiency, biomass productivity and settleability from outdoor treatment facilities, and on impact of variability in biomass composition and digestibility on methane yield and energy output. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) and wastewater quality fed into 30 m2 raceway ponds had a major effect on algal-bacteria polyculture productivity, settleability, phylogenetic and biochemical compositions, digestibility and methane yield. While Micractinium, Scenedesmus, Chlorella, and pennatemore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2018.10.020

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Abstract

Citation Formats

Microalgae as a Feedstock for Biofuel Precursors and Value-Added Products: Green Fuels and Golden Opportunities journal, November 2015

Enhancement of methane production from Cotton Stalk using different pretreatment techniques journal, February 2018

Cultivation of algal biofilm using different lignocellulosic materials as carriers journal, May 2017

Vertical-algal-biofilm enhanced raceway pond for cost-effective wastewater treatment and value-added products production journal, August 2018

Increased pond depth improves algal productivity and nutrient removal in wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds journal, April 2014

Anaerobic co-digestion on improving methane production from mixed microalgae ( Scenedesmus sp., Chlorella sp .) and food waste: Kinetic modeling and synergistic impact evaluation journal, September 2016

Phosphorus removal using nanofiltration membranes journal, July 2011

Biogas production from microalgae grown in wastewater: Effect of microwave pretreatment journal, August 2013

Treatment of dairy manure effluent using freshwater algae: Algal productivity and recovery of manure nutrients using pilot-scale algal turf scrubbers journal, November 2008

Carbon-to-nitrogen and substrate-to-inoculum ratio adjustments can improve co-digestion performance of microalgal biomass obtained from domestic wastewater treatment journal, November 2017

Energy use and energy intensity of the U.S. chemical industry report, April 2000

The use of thermochemical and biological pretreatments to enhance organic matter hydrolysis and solubilization from organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) journal, March 2011

Contribution of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents to Nutrient Dynamics in Aquatic Systems: A Review journal, May 2009

Evaluation of methane production and macronutrient degradation in the anaerobic co-digestion of algae biomass residue and lipid waste journal, May 2012

Treatment of swine manure effluent using freshwater algae: Production, nutrient recovery, and elemental composition of algal biomass at four effluent loading rates journal, February 2006

Bioassay for monitoring biochemical methane potential and anaerobic toxicity journal, January 1979

The effects of alternative pretreatment strategies on anaerobic digestion and methane production from different algal strains journal, March 2014

Municipal wastewater sludge as a sustainable bioresource in the United States journal, July 2017

Mechanism of Methane Fermentation journal, March 1952

Alkaline thermal sludge hydrolysis journal, February 2003

Dewatering as a non-toxic control of nuisance midge larvae in algal wastewater treatment floways journal, November 2014

Substrate Type and Free Ammonia Determine Bacterial Community Structure in Full-Scale Mesophilic Anaerobic Digesters Treating Cattle or Swine Manure journal, November 2015

Anaerobic digestion of lipid-extracted Auxenochlorella protothecoides biomass for methane generation and nutrient recovery journal, May 2015

Phytoremediation of agriculture runoff by filamentous algae poly-culture for biomethane production, and nutrient recovery for secondary cultivation of lipid generating microalgae journal, December 2016

Influence of mechanical and thermochemical pretreatments on anaerobic digestion ofSpirulina maxima algal biomass journal, October 1983

Influence of temperature and pretreatments on the anaerobic digestion of wastewater grown microalgae in a laboratory-scale accumulating-volume reactor journal, June 2014

Phosphorus removal from wastewater using an algal turf scrubber journal, March 1996

Production of lipid-containing algal-bacterial polyculture in wastewater and biomethanation of lipid extracted residues: Enhancing methane yield through hydrothermal pretreatment and relieving solvent toxicity through co-digestion journal, February 2019

Hydrolysis of macromolecular components of primary and secondary wastewater sludge by thermal hydrolytic pretreatment journal, October 2009

Relationship between microbial activity and microbial community structure in six full-scale anaerobic digesters journal, December 2012

Anaerobic co-digestion of algal sludge and waste paper to produce methane journal, January 2007

Effects of Methanogenic Inhibitors on Methane Production and Abundances of Methanogens and Cellulolytic Bacteria in In Vitro Ruminal Cultures journal, February 2011

Impacts of thermal pre-treatments on the semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge journal, April 2007

Algal Turf Scrubbing: Cleaning Surface Waters with Solar Energy while Producing a Biofuel journal, June 2011

Ultrasound pretreatment of filamentous algal biomass for enhanced biogas production journal, June 2014

Taxonomic, Phylogenetic, and Ecological Diversity of Methanogenic Archaea journal, August 2000

Wastewater treatment and algal production in high rate algal ponds with carbon dioxide addition journal, February 2010

Microalgae recycling improves biomass recovery from wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds journal, December 2016

Synergistic co-digestion of wastewater grown algae-bacteria polyculture biomass and cellulose to optimize carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and application of kinetic models to predict anaerobic digestion energy balance journal, December 2018

Inhibition Effect of Sodium Concentrations on the Anaerobic Digestion Performance of Sargassum Species journal, June 2017

Selective electrode measurement of ammonia in water and wastes journal, June 1973

Long-term anaerobic digestion of microalgae grown in HRAP for wastewater treatment. Effect of microwave pretreatment journal, February 2014

Bioprospecting of microalgae for integrated biomass production and phytoremediation of unsterilized wastewater and anaerobic digestion centrate journal, May 2015

A controlled stream mesocosm for tertiary treatment of sewage journal, May 1996

A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters journal, January 1962

Methane production from marine, green macro-algae journal, January 1983

Wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds for biofuel production journal, January 2011

Influence of different pre-treatment routes on the anaerobic digestion of a filamentous algae journal, February 2013

Electric Energy Consumption of the Full Scale Research Biogas Plant “Unterer Lindenhof”: Results of Longterm and Full Detail Measurements journal, December 2012

Effects of inoculum size, light intensity, and dose of anaerobic digestion centrate on growth and productivity of Chlorella and Scenedesmus microalgae and their poly-culture in primary and secondary wastewater journal, November 2016

Comparing pretreatment methods for improving microalgae anaerobic digestion: Thermal, hydrothermal, microwave and ultrasound journal, November 2015

The effect of thermal pretreatment on the anaerobic biodegradability and toxicity of waste activated sludge journal, January 1984

Comparison of seven types of thermo-chemical pretreatments on the structural features and anaerobic digestion of sunflower stalks journal, September 2012

Phycoremediation coupled production of algal biomass, harvesting and anaerobic digestion: Possibilities and challenges journal, December 2013

Eutrophication of U.S. Freshwaters: Analysis of Potential Economic Damages journal, January 2009

Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification journal, January 2007

Microbial community structure and dynamics during anaerobic digestion of various agricultural waste materials journal, April 2013

A Rapid Method of Total Lipid Extraction and Purification journal, January 1959

Anaerobic digestion of straw and corn stover: The effect of biological process optimization and pre-treatment on total bio-methane yield and energy performance journal, December 2016

The techno-economic potential of renewable energy through the anaerobic digestion of microalgae journal, January 2011

Investigation of anaerobic digestion of Chlorella sp. and Micractinium sp. grown in high-nitrogen wastewater and their co-digestion with waste activated sludge journal, September 2015

Operation of a vertical algal biofilm enhanced raceway pond for nutrient removal and microalgae-based byproducts production under different wastewater loadings journal, April 2018

Microalgal biomass production pathways: evaluation of life cycle environmental impacts journal, January 2013

Bioenergy from wastewater resources: Nutrient removal, productivity and settleability of indigenous algal-bacteria polyculture, and effect of biomass composition variability on methane production kinetics and anaerobic digestion energy balance journal, December 2018

Eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: A scientific consensus journal, December 2008

The effects of substrate composition, quantity, and diversity on microbial activity journal, May 2010

Microalgae as a Feedstock for Biofuel Precursors and Value-Added Products: Green Fuels and Golden Opportunities
journal, November 2015

Enhancement of methane production from Cotton Stalk using different pretreatment techniques
journal, February 2018

Cultivation of algal biofilm using different lignocellulosic materials as carriers
journal, May 2017

Vertical-algal-biofilm enhanced raceway pond for cost-effective wastewater treatment and value-added products production
journal, August 2018

Increased pond depth improves algal productivity and nutrient removal in wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds
journal, April 2014

Anaerobic co-digestion on improving methane production from mixed microalgae ( Scenedesmus sp., Chlorella sp .) and food waste: Kinetic modeling and synergistic impact evaluation
journal, September 2016

Phosphorus removal using nanofiltration membranes
journal, July 2011

Biogas production from microalgae grown in wastewater: Effect of microwave pretreatment
journal, August 2013

Treatment of dairy manure effluent using freshwater algae: Algal productivity and recovery of manure nutrients using pilot-scale algal turf scrubbers
journal, November 2008

Carbon-to-nitrogen and substrate-to-inoculum ratio adjustments can improve co-digestion performance of microalgal biomass obtained from domestic wastewater treatment
journal, November 2017

Energy use and energy intensity of the U.S. chemical industry
report, April 2000

The use of thermochemical and biological pretreatments to enhance organic matter hydrolysis and solubilization from organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW)
journal, March 2011

Contribution of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents to Nutrient Dynamics in Aquatic Systems: A Review
journal, May 2009

Evaluation of methane production and macronutrient degradation in the anaerobic co-digestion of algae biomass residue and lipid waste
journal, May 2012

Treatment of swine manure effluent using freshwater algae: Production, nutrient recovery, and elemental composition of algal biomass at four effluent loading rates
journal, February 2006

Bioassay for monitoring biochemical methane potential and anaerobic toxicity
journal, January 1979

The effects of alternative pretreatment strategies on anaerobic digestion and methane production from different algal strains
journal, March 2014

Municipal wastewater sludge as a sustainable bioresource in the United States
journal, July 2017

Mechanism of Methane Fermentation
journal, March 1952

Alkaline thermal sludge hydrolysis
journal, February 2003

Dewatering as a non-toxic control of nuisance midge larvae in algal wastewater treatment floways
journal, November 2014

Substrate Type and Free Ammonia Determine Bacterial Community Structure in Full-Scale Mesophilic Anaerobic Digesters Treating Cattle or Swine Manure
journal, November 2015

Anaerobic digestion of lipid-extracted Auxenochlorella protothecoides biomass for methane generation and nutrient recovery
journal, May 2015

Phytoremediation of agriculture runoff by filamentous algae poly-culture for biomethane production, and nutrient recovery for secondary cultivation of lipid generating microalgae
journal, December 2016

Influence of mechanical and thermochemical pretreatments on anaerobic digestion ofSpirulina maxima algal biomass
journal, October 1983

Influence of temperature and pretreatments on the anaerobic digestion of wastewater grown microalgae in a laboratory-scale accumulating-volume reactor
journal, June 2014

Phosphorus removal from wastewater using an algal turf scrubber
journal, March 1996

Production of lipid-containing algal-bacterial polyculture in wastewater and biomethanation of lipid extracted residues: Enhancing methane yield through hydrothermal pretreatment and relieving solvent toxicity through co-digestion
journal, February 2019

Hydrolysis of macromolecular components of primary and secondary wastewater sludge by thermal hydrolytic pretreatment
journal, October 2009

Relationship between microbial activity and microbial community structure in six full-scale anaerobic digesters
journal, December 2012

Anaerobic co-digestion of algal sludge and waste paper to produce methane
journal, January 2007

Effects of Methanogenic Inhibitors on Methane Production and Abundances of Methanogens and Cellulolytic Bacteria in In Vitro Ruminal Cultures
journal, February 2011

Impacts of thermal pre-treatments on the semi-continuous anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge
journal, April 2007

Algal Turf Scrubbing: Cleaning Surface Waters with Solar Energy while Producing a Biofuel
journal, June 2011

Ultrasound pretreatment of filamentous algal biomass for enhanced biogas production
journal, June 2014

Taxonomic, Phylogenetic, and Ecological Diversity of Methanogenic Archaea
journal, August 2000

Wastewater treatment and algal production in high rate algal ponds with carbon dioxide addition
journal, February 2010

Microalgae recycling improves biomass recovery from wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds
journal, December 2016

Synergistic co-digestion of wastewater grown algae-bacteria polyculture biomass and cellulose to optimize carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and application of kinetic models to predict anaerobic digestion energy balance
journal, December 2018

Inhibition Effect of Sodium Concentrations on the Anaerobic Digestion Performance of Sargassum Species
journal, June 2017

Selective electrode measurement of ammonia in water and wastes
journal, June 1973

Long-term anaerobic digestion of microalgae grown in HRAP for wastewater treatment. Effect of microwave pretreatment
journal, February 2014

Bioprospecting of microalgae for integrated biomass production and phytoremediation of unsterilized wastewater and anaerobic digestion centrate
journal, May 2015

A controlled stream mesocosm for tertiary treatment of sewage
journal, May 1996

A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters
journal, January 1962

Methane production from marine, green macro-algae
journal, January 1983

Wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds for biofuel production
journal, January 2011

Influence of different pre-treatment routes on the anaerobic digestion of a filamentous algae
journal, February 2013

Electric Energy Consumption of the Full Scale Research Biogas Plant “Unterer Lindenhof”: Results of Longterm and Full Detail Measurements
journal, December 2012

Effects of inoculum size, light intensity, and dose of anaerobic digestion centrate on growth and productivity of Chlorella and Scenedesmus microalgae and their poly-culture in primary and secondary wastewater
journal, November 2016

Comparing pretreatment methods for improving microalgae anaerobic digestion: Thermal, hydrothermal, microwave and ultrasound
journal, November 2015

The effect of thermal pretreatment on the anaerobic biodegradability and toxicity of waste activated sludge
journal, January 1984

Comparison of seven types of thermo-chemical pretreatments on the structural features and anaerobic digestion of sunflower stalks
journal, September 2012

Phycoremediation coupled production of algal biomass, harvesting and anaerobic digestion: Possibilities and challenges
journal, December 2013

Eutrophication of U.S. Freshwaters: Analysis of Potential Economic Damages
journal, January 2009

Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification
journal, January 2007

Microbial community structure and dynamics during anaerobic digestion of various agricultural waste materials
journal, April 2013

A Rapid Method of Total Lipid Extraction and Purification
journal, January 1959

Anaerobic digestion of straw and corn stover: The effect of biological process optimization and pre-treatment on total bio-methane yield and energy performance
journal, December 2016

The techno-economic potential of renewable energy through the anaerobic digestion of microalgae
journal, January 2011

Investigation of anaerobic digestion of Chlorella sp. and Micractinium sp. grown in high-nitrogen wastewater and their co-digestion with waste activated sludge
journal, September 2015

Operation of a vertical algal biofilm enhanced raceway pond for nutrient removal and microalgae-based byproducts production under different wastewater loadings
journal, April 2018

Microalgal biomass production pathways: evaluation of life cycle environmental impacts
journal, January 2013

Bioenergy from wastewater resources: Nutrient removal, productivity and settleability of indigenous algal-bacteria polyculture, and effect of biomass composition variability on methane production kinetics and anaerobic digestion energy balance
journal, December 2018

Eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: A scientific consensus
journal, December 2008

The effects of substrate composition, quantity, and diversity on microbial activity
journal, May 2010