On behaviour and scaling of small repeating earthquakes in rate and state fault models
Abstract
With abundant seismic data for small repeating earthquakes, it is important to construct a dynamic model that can explain various aspects of related observations. We report on small repeating earthquakes on a fault governed by rate- and state-dependent friction laws. The earthquakes occur on a velocity-weakening patch surrounded by a much larger velocity-strengthening region. The whole fault is subject to long-term tectonic loading. The model with a circular patch and the aging form of rate- and state-dependent friction laws has been shown to reproduce the scaling of recurrence time versus seismic moment for small repeating earthquakes in a previous study. In this work we investigate the behaviour of small repeating earthquakes in related models under different scenarios, including several forms of the state evolution equations in rate- and state-dependent friction laws, rectangular velocity-weakening patch geometries, quasi-dynamic versus fully dynamic representation of inertial effects and 2-D versus 3-D simulations. We discover that the simulated scalings between the recurrence time and seismic moment for these different scenarios is similar while differences do exist. We propose a theoretical consideration for the scaling between the recurrence time and seismic moment of small repeating earthquakes. For patch radii smaller than or comparable to the fullmore »
- Authors:
-
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- National Science Foundation (NSF); United States Geological Survey; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1529538
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-18-29324
Journal ID: ISSN 0956-540X
- Grant/Contract Number:
- 89233218CNA000001; EAR-1520907; 1724686; G10AP00031; G16AP00117
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Geophysical Journal International
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 218; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0956-540X
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 58 GEOSCIENCES; Earthquake dynamics; Rheology and friction of fault zones; Seismicity and tectonics; Dynamics and mechanics of faulting; Mechanics; theory; and modelling
Citation Formats
Chen, Ting, and Lapusta, Nadia. On behaviour and scaling of small repeating earthquakes in rate and state fault models. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1093/gji/ggz270.
Chen, Ting, & Lapusta, Nadia. On behaviour and scaling of small repeating earthquakes in rate and state fault models. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz270
Chen, Ting, and Lapusta, Nadia. Mon .
"On behaviour and scaling of small repeating earthquakes in rate and state fault models". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz270. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1529538.
@article{osti_1529538,
title = {On behaviour and scaling of small repeating earthquakes in rate and state fault models},
author = {Chen, Ting and Lapusta, Nadia},
abstractNote = {With abundant seismic data for small repeating earthquakes, it is important to construct a dynamic model that can explain various aspects of related observations. We report on small repeating earthquakes on a fault governed by rate- and state-dependent friction laws. The earthquakes occur on a velocity-weakening patch surrounded by a much larger velocity-strengthening region. The whole fault is subject to long-term tectonic loading. The model with a circular patch and the aging form of rate- and state-dependent friction laws has been shown to reproduce the scaling of recurrence time versus seismic moment for small repeating earthquakes in a previous study. In this work we investigate the behaviour of small repeating earthquakes in related models under different scenarios, including several forms of the state evolution equations in rate- and state-dependent friction laws, rectangular velocity-weakening patch geometries, quasi-dynamic versus fully dynamic representation of inertial effects and 2-D versus 3-D simulations. We discover that the simulated scalings between the recurrence time and seismic moment for these different scenarios is similar while differences do exist. We propose a theoretical consideration for the scaling between the recurrence time and seismic moment of small repeating earthquakes. For patch radii smaller than or comparable to the full nucleation size, the scaling is explained by the increase of seismic to aseismic slip ratio with magnitude. For patch radii larger than the full nucleation size, the scaling is explained by the model in which the recurrence time is determined by the earthquake nucleation time, which is in turn determined by the time for aseismic slip to penetrate the distance of the full nucleation size into the patch. The obtained theoretical insight is used to find the combinations of fault properties that allow the model to fit the observed scaling and range of the seismic moment and recurrence time.},
doi = {10.1093/gji/ggz270},
journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
number = 3,
volume = 218,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {6}
}
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Under the Hood of the Earthquake Machine: Toward Predictive Modeling of the Seismic Cycle
journal, May 2012
- Barbot, S.; Lapusta, N.; Avouac, J. -P.
- Science, Vol. 336, Issue 6082
Three-dimensional boundary integral modeling of spontaneous earthquake sequences and aseismic slip
journal, January 2009
- Lapusta, Nadia; Liu, Yi
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 114, Issue B9
Geophysical properties within the San Andreas Fault Zone at the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth and their relationships to rock properties and fault zone structure
journal, January 2010
- Jeppson, Tamara N.; Bradbury, Kelly K.; Evans, James P.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 115, Issue B12
Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes
journal, September 1970
- Brune, James N.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 75, Issue 26
Thirty-Five-Year Creep Rates for the Creeping Segment of the San Andreas Fault and the Effects of the 2004 Parkfield Earthquake: Constraints from Alignment Arrays, Continuous Global Positioning System, and Creepmeters
journal, September 2006
- Titus, S. J.
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 96, Issue 4B
Towards a universal rule on the recurrence interval scaling of repeating earthquakes?: RECURRENCE INTERVAL OF REPEATING EARTHQUAKES
journal, August 2007
- Chen, Kate Huihsuan; Nadeau, Robert M.; Rau, Ruey-Juin
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, Issue 16
Aseismic slip and seismogenic coupling along the central San Andreas Fault
journal, January 2015
- Jolivet, R.; Simons, M.; Agram, P. S.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 42, Issue 2
Earthquake nucleation on rate and state faults – Aging and slip laws
journal, January 2008
- Ampuero, Jean-Paul; Rubin, Allan M.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 113, Issue B1
Seismicity on a fault controlled by rate- and state-dependent friction with spatial variations of the critical slip distance
journal, January 2006
- Hillers, G.; Ben-Zion, Y.; Mai, P. M.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, Issue B1
Evolution of fault-surface roughness with slip
journal, January 2007
- Sagy, Amir; Brodsky, Emily E.; Axen, Gary J.
- Geology, Vol. 35, Issue 3
Spatio-temporal complexity of slip on a fault
journal, January 1993
- Rice, James R.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 98, Issue B6
Postseismic variations in seismic moment and recurrence interval of repeating earthquakes
journal, October 2010
- Chen, Kate Huihusan; Bürgmann, Roland; Nadeau, Robert M.
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 299, Issue 1-2
Repeating Earthquakes as Low-Stress-Drop Events at a Border between Locked and Creeping Fault Patches
journal, June 2001
- Sammis, C. G.
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 91, Issue 3
Repeating earthquakes and interplate aseismic slip in the northeastern Japan subduction zone: REPEATING EARTHQUAKES AND ASEISMIC SLIP
journal, May 2003
- Igarashi, Toshihiro; Matsuzawa, Toru; Hasegawa, Akira
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 108, Issue B5
Critical evaluation of state evolution laws in rate and state friction: Fitting large velocity steps in simulated fault gouge with time‐, slip‐, and stress‐dependent constitutive laws
journal, September 2015
- Bhattacharya, Pathikrit; Rubin, Allan M.; Bayart, Elsa
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 120, Issue 9
A numerical study on seismic coupling along subduction zones using a laboratory-derived friction law
journal, June 1997
- Kato, Naoyuki; Hirasawa, Tomowo
- Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 102, Issue 1-2
Inversion of GPS data for spatially variable slip-rate on the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, CA
journal, January 2001
- Murray, J. R.; Segall, P.; Cervelli, P.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 28, Issue 2
Modeling High Stress Drops, Scaling, Interaction, and Irregularity of Repeating Earthquake Sequences Near Parkfield
journal, December 2018
- Lui, Semechah K. Y.; Lapusta, Nadia
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 123, Issue 12
Quasi-dynamic versus fully dynamic simulations of earthquakes and aseismic slip with and without enhanced coseismic weakening
journal, March 2014
- Thomas, Marion Y.; Lapusta, Nadia; Noda, Hiroyuki
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 119, Issue 3
The scale-dependent slip pattern for a uniform fault model obeying the rate- and state-dependent friction law
journal, June 2014
- Wu, Yan; Chen, Xiaofei
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 119, Issue 6
A composite rate- and state-dependent law for rock friction
journal, March 2001
- Kato, Naoyuki; Tullis, Terry E.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 28, Issue 6
The Parkfield tremors reveal slow and fast ruptures on the same asperity
journal, April 2016
- Veedu, Deepa Mele; Barbot, Sylvain
- Nature, Vol. 532, Issue 7599
Three-dimensional earthquake sequence simulations with evolving temperature and pore pressure due to shear heating: Effect of heterogeneous hydraulic diffusivity
journal, January 2010
- Noda, Hiroyuki; Lapusta, Nadia
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 115, Issue B12
Does fault strengthening in laboratory rock friction experiments really depend primarily upon time and not slip?: IS FAULT HEALING REALLY TIME DEPENDENT?
journal, August 2017
- Bhattacharya, Pathikrit; Rubin, Allan M.; Beeler, Nicholas M.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 122, Issue 8
Systematic variations in recurrence interval and moment of repeating aftershocks
journal, January 2005
- Peng, Zhigang
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 15
Stability of Steady Frictional Slipping
journal, June 1983
- Rice, J. R.; Ruina, A. L.
- Journal of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 50, Issue 2
Repeating microearthquake sequences interact predominantly through postseismic slip
journal, October 2016
- Lui, Semechah K. Y.; Lapusta, Nadia
- Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Scientific Drilling Into the San Andreas Fault Zone
journal, June 2010
- Zoback, mark; Hickman, Stephen; Ellsworth, William
- Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, Vol. 91, Issue 22
Nucleation and early seismic propagation of small and large events in a crustal earthquake model: NUCLEATION AND EARLY SEISMIC PROPAGATION
journal, April 2003
- Lapusta, Nadia; Rice, James R.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 108, Issue B4
A Simple Stick-Slip and Creep-Slip Model for Repeating Earthquakes and its Implication for Microearthquakes at Parkfield
journal, December 2001
- Beeler, N. M.
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 91, Issue 6
Fault instability on a finite and planar fault related to early phase of nucleation
journal, January 2011
- Mitsui, Yuta; Hirahara, Kazuro
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 116, Issue B6
Postseismic response of repeating aftershocks
journal, December 1998
- Schaff, David P.; Beroza, Gregory C.; Shaw, Bruce E.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 25, Issue 24
Interaction of slip on asperities: Numerical simulation of seismic cycles on a two-dimensional planar fault with nonuniform frictional property
journal, January 2004
- Kato, Naoyuki
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 109, Issue B12
Earthquake Ruptures with Strongly Rate-Weakening Friction and Off-Fault Plasticity, Part 2: Nonplanar Faults
journal, September 2011
- Dunham, E. M.; Belanger, D.; Cong, L.
- Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 101, Issue 5
Scientific Drilling Into the San Andreas Fault Zone – An Overview of SAFOD's First Five Years
journal, January 2011
- Zoback, M.; Hickman, S.; Ellsworth, W.
- Scientific Drilling, Vol. 11
Variations in rupture process with recurrence interval in a repeated small earthquake
journal, April 1994
- Vidale, J. E.; ElIsworth, W. L.; Cole, A.
- Nature, Vol. 368, Issue 6472
Modeling of rock friction: 1. Experimental results and constitutive equations
journal, January 1979
- Dieterich, James H.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 84, Issue B5
Repeating earthquake finite source models: Strong asperities revealed on the San Andreas Fault: REPEATING EARTHQUAKE FINITE SOURCE MODELS
journal, December 2007
- Dreger, Douglas; Nadeau, Robert M.; Chung, Angela
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34, Issue 23
Earthquake nucleation on (aging) rate and state faults: RATE AND STATE EARTHQUAKE NUCLEATION
journal, November 2005
- Rubin, A. M.; Ampuero, J. -P.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 110, Issue B11
Earthquake nucleation on faults with rate-and state-dependent strength
journal, September 1992
- Dieterich, James H.
- Tectonophysics, Vol. 211, Issue 1-4
Crack Models of Repeating Earthquakes Predict Observed Moment‐Recurrence Scaling
journal, January 2019
- Cattania, C.; Segall, P.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 124, Issue 1
Stress drops of repeating earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield: Stress drops of Repeating Earthquakes
journal, December 2014
- Abercrombie, Rachel E.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 24
Slip instability and state variable friction laws
journal, December 1983
- Ruina, Andy
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 88, Issue B12
Dilatancy, compaction, and slip instability of a fluid-infiltrated fault
journal, November 1995
- Segall, Paul; Rice, James R.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 100, Issue B11
Laboratory-Derived Friction laws and Their Application to Seismic Faulting
journal, May 1998
- Marone, Chris
- Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol. 26, Issue 1
A model for complex slip behavior on a large asperity at subduction zones: COMPLEX SLIP BEHAVIOR ON AN ASPERITY
journal, November 2002
- Hirose, Hitoshi; Hirahara, Kazuro
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 29, Issue 22
Dilatant strengthening as a mechanism for slow slip events
journal, January 2010
- Segall, Paul; Rubin, Allan M.; Bradley, Andrew M.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 115, Issue B12
Slip patterns and earthquake populations along different classes of faults in elastic solids
journal, July 1995
- Ben-Zion, Yehuda; Rice, James R.
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 100, Issue B7
A numerical simulation of earthquake cycles along the Nankai Trough in southwest Japan: lateral variation in frictional property due to the slab geometry controls the nucleation position
journal, December 2004
- Hori, Takane; Kato, Naoyuki; Hirahara, Kazuro
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 228, Issue 3-4
Dependence of earthquake stress drop on critical slip-weakening distance: EARTHQUAKE STRESS DROP
journal, January 2012
- Kato, Naoyuki
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 117, Issue B1
Crack models of repeating earthquakes predict observed moment-recurrence scaling
text, January 2018
- Cattania, Camilla; Segall, Paul
- EarthArXiv
Works referencing / citing this record:
Scaling and Variability of Interacting Repeating Earthquake Sequences Controlled by Asperity Density
journal, November 2019
- Dublanchet, P.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 21
The Long Recurrence Intervals of Small Repeating Earthquakes May Be Due to the Slow Slip Rates of Small Fault Strands
journal, November 2019
- Williams, J. R.; Hawthorne, J. C.; Lengliné, O.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 22