Using Ducted Fuel Injection to Attenuate Soot Formation in a Mixing-Controlled Compression Ignition Engine

doi:10.4271/03-12-03-0021

Title: Using Ducted Fuel Injection to Attenuate Soot Formation in a Mixing-Controlled Compression Ignition Engine

Full Record
Other Related Research

Abstract

Ducted fuel injection (DFI) has been introduced as a strategy to enhance the fuel/charge gas mixing within the combustion chamber of a direct-injection mixing-controlled compression ignition engine. The concept involves injecting each fuel spray through a small tube within the combustion chamber to facilitate the creation of a leaner mixture in the autoignition zone, relative to a conventional free-spray configuration (i.e., a fuel spray that is not surrounded by a duct). While previous experiments demonstrated that DFI lowers both soot incandescence and soot mass in a constant-volume combustion vessel with a single-component normal-alkane fuel (n-dodecane), here we provide the first evidence that the technology provides similar benefits in an engine application using a commercial diesel fuel containing ~30 wt% aromatics. The present study investigates the effects on engine-out emissions and efficiency with a two-orifice injector tip for charge gas mixtures containing 16 and 21 mol% oxygen. The result is that DFI is confirmed to be effective at curtailing engine-out soot emissions. It also breaks the tradeoff between emissions of soot and nitrogen oxides (NOx) by simultaneously attenuating soot and NO _x with increasing dilution.

Authors:

Nilsen, Christopher W. ^[1]; Biles, Drummond E. ^[1]; Mueller, Charles J. ^[1]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: 2019-05-10

Research Org.:: Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Bioenergy Technologies Office (EE-3B); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1529141

Report Number(s):: SAND-2019-1518J
Journal ID: ISSN 1946-3944; 672499

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000; NA0003525

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: SAE International Journal of Engines (Online)

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: SAE International Journal of Engines (Online); Journal Volume: 12; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 1946-3944

Publisher:: SAE International

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: Ducted fuel injection; Diesel; Soot

Citation Formats


                    Nilsen, Christopher W., Biles, Drummond E., and Mueller, Charles J. Using Ducted Fuel Injection to Attenuate Soot Formation in a Mixing-Controlled Compression Ignition Engine.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
        Web.  doi:10.4271/03-12-03-0021.

Copy to clipboard


                    Nilsen, Christopher W., Biles, Drummond E., & Mueller, Charles J. Using Ducted Fuel Injection to Attenuate Soot Formation in a Mixing-Controlled Compression Ignition Engine.  United States.  doi:10.4271/03-12-03-0021.

Copy to clipboard


                    Nilsen, Christopher W., Biles, Drummond E., and Mueller, Charles J. Fri .  
        "Using Ducted Fuel Injection to Attenuate Soot Formation in a Mixing-Controlled Compression Ignition Engine".  United States.  doi:10.4271/03-12-03-0021.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1529141.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1529141,

  title        = {Using Ducted Fuel Injection to Attenuate Soot Formation in a Mixing-Controlled Compression Ignition Engine},

  author       = {Nilsen, Christopher W. and Biles, Drummond E. and Mueller, Charles J.},

  abstractNote = {Ducted fuel injection (DFI) has been introduced as a strategy to enhance the fuel/charge gas mixing within the combustion chamber of a direct-injection mixing-controlled compression ignition engine. The concept involves injecting each fuel spray through a small tube within the combustion chamber to facilitate the creation of a leaner mixture in the autoignition zone, relative to a conventional free-spray configuration (i.e., a fuel spray that is not surrounded by a duct). While previous experiments demonstrated that DFI lowers both soot incandescence and soot mass in a constant-volume combustion vessel with a single-component normal-alkane fuel (n-dodecane), here we provide the first evidence that the technology provides similar benefits in an engine application using a commercial diesel fuel containing ~30 wt% aromatics. The present study investigates the effects on engine-out emissions and efficiency with a two-orifice injector tip for charge gas mixtures containing 16 and 21 mol% oxygen. The result is that DFI is confirmed to be effective at curtailing engine-out soot emissions. It also breaks the tradeoff between emissions of soot and nitrogen oxides (NOx) by simultaneously attenuating soot and NOx with increasing dilution.},

  doi          = {10.4271/03-12-03-0021},

  journal      = {SAE International Journal of Engines (Online)},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 12,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {5}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

DOI: 10.4271/03-12-03-0021

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Using ducted fuel injection to attenuate or prevent soot formation in mixing-controlled combustion strategies for engine applications

Journal Article Gehmlich, R. K. ; Mueller, C. J. ; Ruth, D. J. ; ... - Applied Energy

Ducted fuel injection is a strategy that can be used to enhance the fuel/charge-gas mixing within the combustion chamber of a direct-injection compression-ignition engine. The concept involves injecting the fuel through a small tube within the combustion chamber to make the most fuel-rich regions of the micture in the autoignition zone leaner relative to a conventional free-spray configuration (i.e., a fuel spray that is not surrounded by a duct). This study is a follow-on to initial proof-of-concept experiments that also were conducted in a constant-volume combustion vessel. While the initial natural luminosity imaging experiments demonstrated that ducted fuel injection lowersmore »« less
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.05.078
Evaluating temperature and fuel stratification for heat-release rate control in a reactivity-controlled compression-ignition engine using optical diagnostics and chemical kinetics modeling

Journal Article Musculus, Mark P. B. ; Kokjohn, Sage L. ; Reitz, Rolf D. - Combustion and Flame

We investigated the combustion process in a dual-fuel, reactivity-controlled compression-ignition (RCCI) engine using a combination of optical diagnostics and chemical kinetics modeling to explain the role of equivalence ratio, temperature, and fuel reactivity stratification for heat-release rate control. An optically accessible engine is operated in the RCCI combustion mode using gasoline primary reference fuels (PRF). A well-mixed charge of iso-octane (PRF = 100) is created by injecting fuel into the engine cylinder during the intake stroke using a gasoline-type direct injector. Later in the cycle, n-heptane (PRF = 0) is delivered through a centrally mounted diesel-type common-rail injector. This injectionmore »« less
Cited by 27
DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.04.009

Full Text Available
Evaluating temperature and fuel stratification for heat-release rate control in a reactivity-controlled compression-ignition engine using optical diagnostics and chemical kinetics modeling

Journal Article Musculus, Mark P. ; Kokjohn, Sage L. ; Reitz, Rolf D. - Combustion and Flame

In this study, the combustion process in a dual-fuel, reactivity-controlled compression-ignition (RCCI) engine is investigated using a combination of optical diagnostics and chemical kinetics modeling to explain the role of equivalence ratio, temperature, and fuel reactivity stratification for heat-release rate control. An optically accessible engine is operated in the RCCI combustion mode using gasoline primary reference fuels (PRF). A well-mixed charge of iso-octane (PRF = 100) is created by injecting fuel into the engine cylinder during the intake stroke using a gasoline-type direct injector. Later in the cycle, n-heptane (PRF = 0) is delivered through a centrally mounted diesel-type common-railmore »« less
Cited by 27
DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.04.009

Full Text Available
A perspective on the range of gasoline compression ignition combustion strategies for high engine efficiency and low NOx and soot emissions: Effects of in-cylinder fuel stratification

Journal Article Dempsey, Adam B. ; Curran, Scott J. ; Wagner, Robert M. - International Journal of Engine Research

Many research studies have shown that low temperature combustion in compression ignition engines has the ability to yield ultra-low NOx and soot emissions while maintaining high thermal efficiency. To achieve low temperature combustion, sufficient mixing time between the fuel and air in a globally dilute environment is required, thereby avoiding fuel-rich regions and reducing peak combustion temperatures, which significantly reduces soot and NOx formation, respectively. It has been demonstrated that achieving low temperature combustion with diesel fuel over a wide range of conditions is difficult because of its properties, namely, low volatility and high chemical reactivity. On the contrary, gasolinemore »« less
Cited by 8
DOI: 10.1177/1468087415621805

Full Text Available
Ducted fuel injection: A new approach for lowering soot emissions from direct-injection engines

Journal Article Mueller, Charles J. ; Nilsen, Christopher W. ; Ruth, Daniel J. ; ... - Applied Energy

Designers of direct-injection compression-ignition engines use a variety of strategies to improve the fuel/charge-gas mixture within the combustion chamber for increased efficiency and reduced pollutant emissions. Strategies include the use of high fuel-injection pressures, multiple injections, small injector orifices, flow swirl, long-ignition-delay conditions, and oxygenated fuels. This is the first journal publication paper on a new mixing-enhancement strategy for emissions reduction: ducted fuel injection. The concept involves injecting fuel along the axis of a small cylindrical duct within the combustion chamber, to enhance the mixture in the autoignition zone relative to a conventional free-spray configuration (i.e., a fuel spray thatmore »« less
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.07.001

Full Text Available

Similar Records