Fast lithium growth and short circuit induced by localized-temperature hotspots in lithium batteries

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09924-1

Title: Fast lithium growth and short circuit induced by localized-temperature hotspots in lithium batteries

Abstract

Fast-charging and high-energy-density batteries pose significant safety concerns due to high rates of heat generation. Understanding how localized high temperatures affect the battery is critical but remains challenging, mainly due to the difficulty of probing battery internal temperature with high spatial resolution. Here we introduce a method to induce and sense localized high temperature inside a lithium battery using micro-Raman spectroscopy. We discover that temperature hotspots can induce significant lithium metal growth as compared to the surrounding lower temperature area due to the locally enhanced surface exchange current density. More importantly, localized high temperature can be one of the factors to cause battery internal shorting, which further elevates the temperature and increases the risk of thermal runaway. This work provides important insights on the effects of heterogeneous temperatures within batteries and aids the development of safer batteries, thermal management schemes, and diagnostic tools.

Authors:

^[1];

^[2];

^[1]; Liu, Bofei ^[1];

^[1];

^[1]; Li, Jun ^[1];

^[1]; Chen, Hao ^[1]; Xu, Jinwei ^[1];

^[1];

^[1]; Chen, Wei ^[1];

^[3]

Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States)
Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); ShanghaiTech Univ., Shanghai (China)
Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: 2019-05-06

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1528880

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Communications

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 10; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-1723

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 25 ENERGY STORAGE

Citation Formats


                    Zhu, Yangying, Xie, Jin, Pei, Allen, Liu, Bofei, Wu, Yecun, Lin, Dingchang, Li, Jun, Wang, Hansen, Chen, Hao, Xu, Jinwei, Yang, Ankun, Wu, Chun -Lan, Wang, Hongxia, Chen, Wei, and Cui, Yi. Fast lithium growth and short circuit induced by localized-temperature hotspots in lithium batteries.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
        Web.  doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09924-1.

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                    Zhu, Yangying, Xie, Jin, Pei, Allen, Liu, Bofei, Wu, Yecun, Lin, Dingchang, Li, Jun, Wang, Hansen, Chen, Hao, Xu, Jinwei, Yang, Ankun, Wu, Chun -Lan, Wang, Hongxia, Chen, Wei, & Cui, Yi. Fast lithium growth and short circuit induced by localized-temperature hotspots in lithium batteries.  United States.  doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09924-1.

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                    Zhu, Yangying, Xie, Jin, Pei, Allen, Liu, Bofei, Wu, Yecun, Lin, Dingchang, Li, Jun, Wang, Hansen, Chen, Hao, Xu, Jinwei, Yang, Ankun, Wu, Chun -Lan, Wang, Hongxia, Chen, Wei, and Cui, Yi. Mon .  
        "Fast lithium growth and short circuit induced by localized-temperature hotspots in lithium batteries".  United States.  doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09924-1.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1528880.

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@article{osti_1528880,

  title        = {Fast lithium growth and short circuit induced by localized-temperature hotspots in lithium batteries},

  author       = {Zhu, Yangying and Xie, Jin and Pei, Allen and Liu, Bofei and Wu, Yecun and Lin, Dingchang and Li, Jun and Wang, Hansen and Chen, Hao and Xu, Jinwei and Yang, Ankun and Wu, Chun -Lan and Wang, Hongxia and Chen, Wei and Cui, Yi},

  abstractNote = {Fast-charging and high-energy-density batteries pose significant safety concerns due to high rates of heat generation. Understanding how localized high temperatures affect the battery is critical but remains challenging, mainly due to the difficulty of probing battery internal temperature with high spatial resolution. Here we introduce a method to induce and sense localized high temperature inside a lithium battery using micro-Raman spectroscopy. We discover that temperature hotspots can induce significant lithium metal growth as compared to the surrounding lower temperature area due to the locally enhanced surface exchange current density. More importantly, localized high temperature can be one of the factors to cause battery internal shorting, which further elevates the temperature and increases the risk of thermal runaway. This work provides important insights on the effects of heterogeneous temperatures within batteries and aids the development of safer batteries, thermal management schemes, and diagnostic tools.},

  doi          = {10.1038/s41467-019-09924-1},

  journal      = {Nature Communications},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 10,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {5}

}

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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09924-1

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Works referenced in this record:

Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries
journal, February 2010

Goodenough, John B.; Kim, Youngsik
Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 3, p. 587-603
DOI: 10.1021/cm901452z

A Critical Review of Thermal Issues in Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, January 2011

Bandhauer, Todd M.; Garimella, Srinivas; Fuller, Thomas F.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 158, Issue 3, p. R1-R25
DOI: 10.1149/1.3515880

Optical Constants of the Noble Metals
journal, December 1972

Johnson, P. B.; Christy, R. W.
Physical Review B, Vol. 6, Issue 12, p. 4370-4379
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.6.4370

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Title: Fast lithium growth and short circuit induced by localized-temperature hotspots in lithium batteries

Abstract

Citation Formats

Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries journal, February 2010

A Critical Review of Thermal Issues in Lithium-Ion Batteries journal, January 2011

Optical Constants of the Noble Metals journal, December 1972

Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries
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