Selenium-sulfur (SeS) fast charging cathode for sodium and lithium metal batteries

Pham, Viet Hung; Boscoboinik, J. Anibal; Stacchiola, Dario J.; Self, Ethan C.; Manikandan, Palanisamy; Nagarajan, Sudhan; Wang, Yixian; Pol, Vilas G.; Nanda, Jagjit; Paek, Eunsu; Mitlin, David

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2019.04.021

Title: Selenium-sulfur (SeS) fast charging cathode for sodium and lithium metal batteries

Journal Article · 28 April 2019 · Energy Storage Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.04.021 · OSTI ID:1528695

Pham, Viet Hung ^[1]; Boscoboinik, J. Anibal ^[2]; Stacchiola, Dario J. ^[2];

^[3]; Manikandan, Palanisamy ^[4]; Nagarajan, Sudhan ^[1]; Wang, Yixian ^[1]; Pol, Vilas G. ^[4];

^[3]; Paek, Eunsu ^[1]; Mitlin, David ^[5]

Clarkson Univ., Potsdam, NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
Clarkson Univ., Potsdam, NY (United States); Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)

In this paper, we report a bifunctional sodium metal battery (SMB) and lithium metal battery (LMB) cathode based on 63 wt.%SeS covalently bonded to a co-pyrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) host, termed “SeSPAN”. This dense, low surface area, fully-amorphous electrode offers a highly favorable combination of reversible capacity, rate capability, and cycling life: At a fast charging rate of 1 A g^-1, the reversible capacities with Na and Li are 632 and 749 mAh g^-1 (based on active SeS), with cycle 1 CE of 81% in both cases. At an ultra-fast charging rate of 4 A g^-1 (∼5C) the reversible capacities with Na and Li are 453 and 604 mAh g^-1. Li-SeSPAN degrades 3% at cycle 500, while with Na-SeSPAN degrades by 17% after 150 cycles at 0.5 A g^-1. Both Na and Li cells display a uniquely low voltage hysteresis (210 and 200 mV at a current density of 0.2 A g^-1), indicative of facile charge-discharge kinetics. Lastly, analysis of the post-cycled anodes shows negligible S or Se crossover, with neither species being detected in the Li-SEI after extended cycling.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division