Extreme Fast Charge Challenges for Lithium-Ion Battery: Variability and Positive Electrode Issues

Tanim, Tanvir R.; Dufek, Eric J.; Evans, Michael C.; Dickerson, Charles C.; Jansen, Andrew N.; Polzin, Bryant J.; Dunlop, Alison R.; Trask, Stephen E.; Jackman, Ryan T.; Bloom, Ira; Yang, Zhenzhen; Lee, Eungje

doi:10.1149/2.0731910jes

Title: Extreme Fast Charge Challenges for Lithium-Ion Battery: Variability and Positive Electrode Issues

Journal Article · 10 June 2019 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0731910jes · OSTI ID:1527021

^[1];

^[2]; Polzin, Bryant J. ^[2]; Dunlop, Alison R. ^[2];

^[2]; Jackman, Ryan T. ^[1]; Bloom, Ira ^[2]; Yang, Zhenzhen ^[2]; Lee, Eungje ^[2]

Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Lemont, IL (United States)

Enabling a 10 min fast charge for electric vehicles is a possible route to reduce range anxiety and increase the utility of electric vehicles. While lithium plating during fast charging is a known challenge, the full suite of limitations which occur in full cells during a 10 min fast charge are unknown. In the present work the central constraints of extreme fast charging are explored through extensive experiments and analysis in single layer graphite/NMC532 pouch cells. Methods of developing fast-charging protocols considering the impedance and transport limitations are presented and the relative benefits of altering the charging rate, profile, relaxation, etc., are investigated. Analysis during and at the end of cycling identified both known and unexpected aging pathways. The most distinct outcomes from the work are a significant increase in cell-to-cell variability as the number of fast charge cycles increase [up to 11% (1σ)] and the identification of distinct aging of the NMC532 positive electrode including cracking of the secondary particles and a trend toward under-lithiation of the positive electrode. Here, while significant aging of the positive electrode was observed, only a few conditions had discernible Li plating and no distinct reversible Li signature was seen during periodic reference performance tests.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1527021

Journal Information:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 166; ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: The Electrochemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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In Situ Measurement of Lithium-Ion Cell Internal Temperatures during Extreme Fast Charging Huang, Shan; Wu, Xianyang; Cavalheiro, Gabriel M. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0441914jes	journal	January 2019
Fast Charging of Li-Ion Cells: Part II. Nonlinear Contributions to Cell and Electrode Polarization Shkrob, Ilya A.; Rodrigues, Marco-Tulio Fonseca; Dees, Dennis W. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0561914jes	journal	January 2019
Electrochemical Quantification of Lithium Plating: Challenges and Considerations Tanim, Tanvir R.; Dufek, Eric J.; Dickerson, Charles C. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1581912jes	journal	January 2019

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