Effects of roasting additives and leaching parameters on the extraction of rare earth elements from coal fly ash

Taggart, Ross K.; Hower, James C.; Hsu-Kim, Heileen

doi:10.1016/j.coal.2018.06.021

Title: Effects of roasting additives and leaching parameters on the extraction of rare earth elements from coal fly ash

Abstract

Coal fly ash is a promising alternative source for rare earth elements (REE), which are critical materials in many technologies. REEs are entrained in the aluminosilicate glass of the fly ash particles, hindering their ability to solubilize during acid leaching. The purpose of this research was to test the effectiveness of roasting techniques to improve extraction of REEs from fly ash, determine key parameters controlling REE extraction, and understand trade-offs in reagent use. Representative coal ash samples from major U.S. coal basins (Appalachian, Illinois, and Powder River basins) were roasted using a variety of chemical additives (Na₂O₂, NaOH, CaO, Na₂CO₃, CaSO₄, (NH₄)₂SO₄). Further experiments investigated the effects of additive:ash ratio, roasting temperature, and leachate pH on REE extraction. We found here that NaOH roasting often recovered >90% of total REE content, equivalent to the USGS-recommended method (Na₂O₂ sintering). Other additives tested recovered <50% of total REE content; the 450 °C sinter temperature, which was well below the melting points of these agents, may have been a contributing factor. Decreasing the NaOH-ash ratio did not significantly inhibit in REE recoveries, while increasing the leachate pH led to a sharp decline. There was a strong positive correlation between REE extraction and leachatemore »« less

Authors:

Taggart, Ross K. ^[1]; Hower, James C. ^[2];

^[1]

Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States). Center for Applied Energy Research

Publication Date:: Sat Jun 30 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE); National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1526009

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1542510

Grant/Contract Number:: FE0026952; CBET-1510965; CBET-1510861; OISE-1243433

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: International Journal of Coal Geology

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 196; Journal ID: ISSN 0166-5162

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT; rare earth elements; coal fly ash; sinter; extraction; recovery

Citation Formats


                    Taggart, Ross K., Hower, James C., and Hsu-Kim, Heileen. Effects of roasting additives and leaching parameters on the extraction of rare earth elements from coal fly ash.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.coal.2018.06.021.

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                    Taggart, Ross K., Hower, James C., & Hsu-Kim, Heileen. Effects of roasting additives and leaching parameters on the extraction of rare earth elements from coal fly ash.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2018.06.021

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                    Taggart, Ross K., Hower, James C., and Hsu-Kim, Heileen. Sat .  
"Effects of roasting additives and leaching parameters on the extraction of rare earth elements from coal fly ash".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2018.06.021.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1526009.

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@article{osti_1526009,

  title        = {Effects of roasting additives and leaching parameters on the extraction of rare earth elements from coal fly ash},

  author       = {Taggart, Ross K. and Hower, James C. and Hsu-Kim, Heileen},

  abstractNote = {Coal fly ash is a promising alternative source for rare earth elements (REE), which are critical materials in many technologies. REEs are entrained in the aluminosilicate glass of the fly ash particles, hindering their ability to solubilize during acid leaching. The purpose of this research was to test the effectiveness of roasting techniques to improve extraction of REEs from fly ash, determine key parameters controlling REE extraction, and understand trade-offs in reagent use. Representative coal ash samples from major U.S. coal basins (Appalachian, Illinois, and Powder River basins) were roasted using a variety of chemical additives (Na2O2, NaOH, CaO, Na2CO3, CaSO4, (NH4)2SO4). Further experiments investigated the effects of additive:ash ratio, roasting temperature, and leachate pH on REE extraction. We found here that NaOH roasting often recovered >90% of total REE content, equivalent to the USGS-recommended method (Na2O2 sintering). Other additives tested recovered <50% of total REE content; the 450 °C sinter temperature, which was well below the melting points of these agents, may have been a contributing factor. Decreasing the NaOH-ash ratio did not significantly inhibit in REE recoveries, while increasing the leachate pH led to a sharp decline. There was a strong positive correlation between REE extraction and leachate H+ molarity. Recoveries of ~100% were observed for the Powder River Basin ash sample regardless of the roasting agent and additive:ash ratio used. This suggests that acid leaching alone is sufficient for recovering REEs from more soluble Powder River Basin ashes. For Appalachian and Illinois Basin ashes, the recommended roasting conditions for >70% REE extraction are a 1:1 NaOH-ash ratio and leaching with 1–2 mol/L HNO3.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.coal.2018.06.021},

  journal      = {International Journal of Coal Geology},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 196,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Sat Jun 30 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Sat Jun 30 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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Title: Effects of roasting additives and leaching parameters on the extraction of rare earth elements from coal fly ash

Abstract

Citation Formats

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Extractive metallurgy of rare earths journal, January 1992

Elemental distribution in coal fly ash particles journal, September 1980

Lanthanide, yttrium, and zirconium anomalies in the Fire Clay coal bed, Eastern Kentucky journal, March 1999

Distribution of rare earth elements in eastern Kentucky coals: Indicators of multiple modes of enrichment? journal, April 2016

Chemistry of the direct acid leach, calsinter, and pressure digestion-acid leach methods for the recovery of alumina from fly ash journal, August 1982

Aqueous acid and alkaline extraction of rare earth elements from coal combustion ash journal, July 2018

Distribution of rare earth elements in coal combustion fly ash, determined by SHRIMP-RG ion microprobe journal, November 2017

Determination of the rare-earth elements in geological materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry journal, April 1987

Impact of coal properties on coal combustion by-product quality: examples from a Kentucky power plant journal, August 2004

Extraction of alumina from coal fly ash generated from a selected low rank bituminous South African coal journal, March 2005

Aluminium extraction and leaching characteristics of Talcher Thermal Power Station fly ash with sulphuric acid journal, January 2010

Sintering kinetics and alumina yield in lime-soda sinter process for alumina from coal wastes journal, June 1985

Sodium aluminate leaching and desilication in lime-soda sinter process for alumina from coal wastes journal, December 1985

Synthesis of alumina from high purity alum derived from coal fly ash journal, February 2004

Technology for Chemical−Metallurgical Coal Ash Utilization journal, July 1997

Determination of extraction equilibria for several metals in the development of a process designed to recover aluminum and other metals from coal combustion ash journal, January 1981

Mechanism and kinetics of aluminum and iron leaching from coal fly ash by sulfuric acid journal, November 1998

Rare earth element-bearing coals from the Russian Far East deposits journal, June 1996

From coal science to metal production and environmental protection: A new story of success journal, February 2012

Coal deposits as potential alternative sources for lanthanides and yttrium journal, May 2012

Metalliferous coals: A review of the main genetic and geochemical types journal, December 2008

Sc-bearing coals from Yakhlinsk deposit, Western Siberia journal, July 2006

Coal deposits as promising sources of rare metals for alternative power and energy-efficient technologies journal, April 2013

Radioactivity from coal-fired power plants: A review journal, January 1986

Trends in the Rare Earth Element Content of U.S.-Based Coal Combustion Fly Ashes journal, May 2016

Ammonium sulphate and/or ammonium bisulphate as extracting agents for the recovery of aluminium from ultrafine coal fly ash journal, August 2017

Extraction of aluminum by pressure acid-leaching method from coal fly ash journal, September 2012

A review of the alumina recovery from coal fly ash, with a focus in China journal, March 2014

A Review of the Occurrence and Promising Recovery Methods of Rare Earth Elements from Coal and Coal By-Products journal, July 2015

Power production waste journal, September 2019

The Occurrence and Concentration of Rare Earth Elements in Acid Mine Drainage and Treatment Byproducts. Part 2: Regional Survey of Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins journal, October 2019

Differences in bulk and microscale yttrium speciation in coal combustion fly ash journal, January 2018

Power production waste journal, August 2020

Power Production Waste journal, October 2018

Evaluating Rare Earth Element Availability: A Case with Revolutionary Demand from Clean Technologies
journal, February 2012

Alkali desilicated coal fly ash as substitute of bauxite in lime-soda sintering process for aluminum production
journal, May 2010

Thermal decomposition of coal fly ash by concentrated sulfuric acid and alumina extraction process based on it
journal, June 2011

A review of the multi-component utilisation of coal fly ash
journal, July 2012

An investigation into six coal fly ashes from the United Kingdom and Poland to evaluate rare earth element content
journal, March 2014

Metal recovery from power plant ash: An ecological approach to coal utilization
journal, January 1981

Coal as a promising source of critical elements: Progress and future prospects
journal, February 2018

Geochemistry and mineralogy of the Late Permian coals from the Songzo Coalfield, Chongqing, southwestern China
journal, May 2007

Mineralogy and geochemistry of boehmite-rich coals: New insights from the Haerwusu Surface Mine, Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China
journal, May 2008

Abundances and distribution of minerals and elements in high-alumina coal fly ash from the Jungar Power Plant, Inner Mongolia, China
journal, April 2010

Mineralogical and geochemical compositions of the coal in the Guanbanwusu Mine, Inner Mongolia, China: Further evidence for the existence of an Al (Ga and REE) ore deposit in the Jungar Coalfield
journal, August 2012

Mineralogical and geochemical compositions of the Pennsylvanian coal in the Adaohai Mine, Daqingshan Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China: Modes of occurrence and origin of diaspore, gorceixite, and ammonian illite
journal, May 2012

Factors controlling geochemical and mineralogical compositions of coals preserved within marine carbonate successions: A case study from the Heshan Coalfield, southern China
journal, April 2013

Mineralogical and geochemical anomalies of late Permian coals from the Fusui Coalfield, Guangxi Province, southern China: Influences of terrigenous materials and hydrothermal fluids
journal, January 2013

Origin of minerals and elements in the Late Permian coals, tonsteins, and host rocks of the Xinde Mine, Xuanwei, eastern Yunnan, China
journal, January 2014

Petrology, Mineralogy, and Chemistry of Size-Fractioned Fly Ash from the Jungar Power Plant, Inner Mongolia, China, with Emphasis on the Distribution of Rare Earth Elements
journal, January 2014

Research and industrialization progress of recovering alumina from fly ash: A concise review
journal, February 2017

Thermochemical processing of a South African ultrafine coal fly ash using ammonium sulphate as extracting agent for aluminium extraction
journal, December 2016

Recovery of gallium from coal fly ash
journal, June 1996

Ge extraction from gasification fly ash
journal, August 2005

Coal fly ash as a resource for rare earth elements
journal, January 2015

Extraction of leachable metals and recovery of alumina from utility coal ash
journal, August 1982

Economic metal recovery from fly ash
journal, August 1982

Role of additives in improved thermal activation of coal fly ash for alumina extraction
journal, June 2013

Extractive metallurgy of rare earths
journal, January 1992

Elemental distribution in coal fly ash particles
journal, September 1980

Lanthanide, yttrium, and zirconium anomalies in the Fire Clay coal bed, Eastern Kentucky
journal, March 1999

Distribution of rare earth elements in eastern Kentucky coals: Indicators of multiple modes of enrichment?
journal, April 2016

Chemistry of the direct acid leach, calsinter, and pressure digestion-acid leach methods for the recovery of alumina from fly ash
journal, August 1982

Aqueous acid and alkaline extraction of rare earth elements from coal combustion ash
journal, July 2018

Distribution of rare earth elements in coal combustion fly ash, determined by SHRIMP-RG ion microprobe
journal, November 2017

Determination of the rare-earth elements in geological materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
journal, April 1987

Impact of coal properties on coal combustion by-product quality: examples from a Kentucky power plant
journal, August 2004

Extraction of alumina from coal fly ash generated from a selected low rank bituminous South African coal
journal, March 2005

Aluminium extraction and leaching characteristics of Talcher Thermal Power Station fly ash with sulphuric acid
journal, January 2010

Sintering kinetics and alumina yield in lime-soda sinter process for alumina from coal wastes
journal, June 1985

Sodium aluminate leaching and desilication in lime-soda sinter process for alumina from coal wastes
journal, December 1985

Synthesis of alumina from high purity alum derived from coal fly ash
journal, February 2004

Technology for Chemical−Metallurgical Coal Ash Utilization
journal, July 1997

Determination of extraction equilibria for several metals in the development of a process designed to recover aluminum and other metals from coal combustion ash
journal, January 1981

Mechanism and kinetics of aluminum and iron leaching from coal fly ash by sulfuric acid
journal, November 1998

Rare earth element-bearing coals from the Russian Far East deposits
journal, June 1996

From coal science to metal production and environmental protection: A new story of success
journal, February 2012

Coal deposits as potential alternative sources for lanthanides and yttrium
journal, May 2012

Metalliferous coals: A review of the main genetic and geochemical types
journal, December 2008

Sc-bearing coals from Yakhlinsk deposit, Western Siberia
journal, July 2006

Coal deposits as promising sources of rare metals for alternative power and energy-efficient technologies
journal, April 2013

Radioactivity from coal-fired power plants: A review
journal, January 1986

Trends in the Rare Earth Element Content of U.S.-Based Coal Combustion Fly Ashes
journal, May 2016

Ammonium sulphate and/or ammonium bisulphate as extracting agents for the recovery of aluminium from ultrafine coal fly ash
journal, August 2017

Extraction of aluminum by pressure acid-leaching method from coal fly ash
journal, September 2012

A review of the alumina recovery from coal fly ash, with a focus in China
journal, March 2014

A Review of the Occurrence and Promising Recovery Methods of Rare Earth Elements from Coal and Coal By-Products
journal, July 2015

Power production waste
journal, September 2019

The Occurrence and Concentration of Rare Earth Elements in Acid Mine Drainage and Treatment Byproducts. Part 2: Regional Survey of Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins
journal, October 2019

Differences in bulk and microscale yttrium speciation in coal combustion fly ash
journal, January 2018

Power production waste
journal, August 2020

Power Production Waste
journal, October 2018