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Title: r-Process Nucleosynthesis: Connecting Rare-Isotope Beam Facilities with the Cosmos

Abstract

This is a pivotal time for the study of r-process nucleosynthesis. Recently, a neutron star merger GW170817 was observed in extraordinary detail with gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation from radio to γ rays. The very red color of the associated kilonova suggests that neutron star mergers are an important r-process site. Astrophysical simulations of neutron star mergers and core collapse supernovae are making rapid progress. Detection of both electron neutrinos and antineutrinos from the next Galactic supernova will constrain the composition of neutrino-driven winds and provide unique nucleosynthesis information. Finally, FRIB and other rare-isotope beam facilities will soon have dramatic new capabilities to synthesize many neutron-rich nuclei that are involved in the r-process. The new capabilities can significantly improve our understanding of the r-process and likely resolve one of the main outstanding problems in classical nuclear astrophysics. Yet, to make best use of the new experimental capabilities and to fully interpret the results, a great deal of infrastructure is needed in many related areas of astronomy, astrophysics, and nuclear theory. We place these experiments in context by discussing astrophysical simulations and observations of r-process sites, observations of stellar abundances, Galactic chemical evolution, and nuclear theory for the structure and reactionsmore » of very neutron-rich nuclei. This review paper was initiated at a three week International Collaborations in Nuclear Theory program in June 2016, where we explored promising r-process experiments and discussed their likely impact, and their astronomical, astrophysical, and nuclear theory context.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6]; ORCiD logo [5];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [7];  [2];  [7];  [10];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [14];  [15];  [16] more »;  [7];  [5];  [17]; ORCiD logo [18];  [2];  [19];  [20]; ORCiD logo [21];  [22];  [5];  [5];  [23];  [24];  [20];  [5];  [7];  [25];  [14];  [25] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN (United States)
  2. Technical Univ. of Darmstadt (Germany)
  3. Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Budapest (Hungary)
  4. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
  5. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
  6. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
  7. Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States)
  8. European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland)
  9. Heidelberg Inst. for Theoretical Studies (HITS gGmbH) (Germany)
  10. Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
  11. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
  12. Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States)
  13. Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark)
  14. RIKEN, Wako (Japan)
  15. Univ. of Jyvaskyla (Finland)
  16. North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC (United States)
  17. Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States)
  18. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  19. Univ. of Veracruz, Xalapa, Veracruz (Mexico)
  20. Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
  21. Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States); Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  22. Central Michigan Univ., Mount Pleasant, MI (United States)
  23. Goethe Univ., Frankfurt (Germany)
  24. Univ. of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA (United States)
  25. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, Gansu (China)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
OSTI Identifier:
1525822
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1574224
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-18-22069
Journal ID: ISSN 0954-3899
Grant/Contract Number:  
89233218CNA000001; SC0013365; NA0002847; SC0018083; FG02-87ER40365; AC02-06CH11357
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Physics. G, Nuclear and Particle Physics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 46; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 0954-3899
Publisher:
IOP Publishing
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; galactic chemical evolution; nucleosynthesis; r-process nucleosynthesis; rare-isotope beam facilities

Citation Formats

Horowitz, Charles J., Arcones, Almudena, Cote, Benoit, Dillmann, Iris, Nazarewicz, Witold, Roederer, Ian, Schatz, Hendrik, Aprahamian, Ani, Atanasov, Dinko, Bauswein, Andreas, Beers, T. C., Bliss, Julia, Brodeur, Maxime, Clark, Jason, Frebel, Anna, Foucart, Francois, Hansen, Camilla, Just, Oliver, Kankainen, Anu, McLaughlin, Gail, Kelly, James, Liddick, Sean, Lee, Duane, Lippuner, Jonas, Martin, Dirk, Mendoza-Temis, Joel, Metzger, Brian T., Mumpower, Matthew, Perdikakis, Georgios, Pereira, Jorge, O'Shea, Brian, Reifarth, Rene, Rogers, Andy, Siegel, Daniel, Spyrou, Artemis, Surman, Rebecca, Tang, Xiao-Dong, Uesaka, Tomohiro, and Wang, Meng. r-Process Nucleosynthesis: Connecting Rare-Isotope Beam Facilities with the Cosmos. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1088/1361-6471/ab0849.
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Horowitz, Charles J., Arcones, Almudena, Cote, Benoit, Dillmann, Iris, Nazarewicz, Witold, Roederer, Ian, Schatz, Hendrik, Aprahamian, Ani, Atanasov, Dinko, Bauswein, Andreas, Beers, T. C., Bliss, Julia, Brodeur, Maxime, Clark, Jason, Frebel, Anna, Foucart, Francois, Hansen, Camilla, Just, Oliver, Kankainen, Anu, McLaughlin, Gail, Kelly, James, Liddick, Sean, Lee, Duane, Lippuner, Jonas, Martin, Dirk, Mendoza-Temis, Joel, Metzger, Brian T., Mumpower, Matthew, Perdikakis, Georgios, Pereira, Jorge, O'Shea, Brian, Reifarth, Rene, Rogers, Andy, Siegel, Daniel, Spyrou, Artemis, Surman, Rebecca, Tang, Xiao-Dong, Uesaka, Tomohiro, & Wang, Meng. r-Process Nucleosynthesis: Connecting Rare-Isotope Beam Facilities with the Cosmos. United States. doi:10.1088/1361-6471/ab0849.
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Horowitz, Charles J., Arcones, Almudena, Cote, Benoit, Dillmann, Iris, Nazarewicz, Witold, Roederer, Ian, Schatz, Hendrik, Aprahamian, Ani, Atanasov, Dinko, Bauswein, Andreas, Beers, T. C., Bliss, Julia, Brodeur, Maxime, Clark, Jason, Frebel, Anna, Foucart, Francois, Hansen, Camilla, Just, Oliver, Kankainen, Anu, McLaughlin, Gail, Kelly, James, Liddick, Sean, Lee, Duane, Lippuner, Jonas, Martin, Dirk, Mendoza-Temis, Joel, Metzger, Brian T., Mumpower, Matthew, Perdikakis, Georgios, Pereira, Jorge, O'Shea, Brian, Reifarth, Rene, Rogers, Andy, Siegel, Daniel, Spyrou, Artemis, Surman, Rebecca, Tang, Xiao-Dong, Uesaka, Tomohiro, and Wang, Meng. Fri . "r-Process Nucleosynthesis: Connecting Rare-Isotope Beam Facilities with the Cosmos". United States. doi:10.1088/1361-6471/ab0849. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1525822.
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@article{osti_1525822,
title = {r-Process Nucleosynthesis: Connecting Rare-Isotope Beam Facilities with the Cosmos},
author = {Horowitz, Charles J. and Arcones, Almudena and Cote, Benoit and Dillmann, Iris and Nazarewicz, Witold and Roederer, Ian and Schatz, Hendrik and Aprahamian, Ani and Atanasov, Dinko and Bauswein, Andreas and Beers, T. C. and Bliss, Julia and Brodeur, Maxime and Clark, Jason and Frebel, Anna and Foucart, Francois and Hansen, Camilla and Just, Oliver and Kankainen, Anu and McLaughlin, Gail and Kelly, James and Liddick, Sean and Lee, Duane and Lippuner, Jonas and Martin, Dirk and Mendoza-Temis, Joel and Metzger, Brian T. and Mumpower, Matthew and Perdikakis, Georgios and Pereira, Jorge and O'Shea, Brian and Reifarth, Rene and Rogers, Andy and Siegel, Daniel and Spyrou, Artemis and Surman, Rebecca and Tang, Xiao-Dong and Uesaka, Tomohiro and Wang, Meng},
abstractNote = {This is a pivotal time for the study of r-process nucleosynthesis. Recently, a neutron star merger GW170817 was observed in extraordinary detail with gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation from radio to γ rays. The very red color of the associated kilonova suggests that neutron star mergers are an important r-process site. Astrophysical simulations of neutron star mergers and core collapse supernovae are making rapid progress. Detection of both electron neutrinos and antineutrinos from the next Galactic supernova will constrain the composition of neutrino-driven winds and provide unique nucleosynthesis information. Finally, FRIB and other rare-isotope beam facilities will soon have dramatic new capabilities to synthesize many neutron-rich nuclei that are involved in the r-process. The new capabilities can significantly improve our understanding of the r-process and likely resolve one of the main outstanding problems in classical nuclear astrophysics. Yet, to make best use of the new experimental capabilities and to fully interpret the results, a great deal of infrastructure is needed in many related areas of astronomy, astrophysics, and nuclear theory. We place these experiments in context by discussing astrophysical simulations and observations of r-process sites, observations of stellar abundances, Galactic chemical evolution, and nuclear theory for the structure and reactions of very neutron-rich nuclei. This review paper was initiated at a three week International Collaborations in Nuclear Theory program in June 2016, where we explored promising r-process experiments and discussed their likely impact, and their astronomical, astrophysical, and nuclear theory context.},
doi = {10.1088/1361-6471/ab0849},
journal = {Journal of Physics. G, Nuclear and Particle Physics},
number = 8,
volume = 46,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {7}
}
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DOI:  10.1088/1361-6471/ab0849
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First observation of bound-state β − decay
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The essential decay of pandemonium: A demonstration of errors in complex beta-decay schemes
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Beta decay studies with total absorption spectroscopy and the Lucrecia spectrometer at ISOLDE
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Modular Total Absorption Spectrometer at the HRIBF (ORNL, Oak Ridge)
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SuN: Summing NaI(Tl) gamma-ray detector for capture reaction measurements
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First experiment with the NUSTAR/FAIR Decay Total Absorption γ -Ray Spectrometer (DTAS) at the IGISOL IV facility
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β -Delayed Neutron Spectroscopy Using Trapped Radioactive Ions
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A Novel Approach to β-delayed Neutron Spectroscopy Using the Beta-decay Paul Trap
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The neutron long counter NERO for studies of neutron emission in the r-process
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Characterization of a neutron–beta counting system with beta-delayed neutron emitters
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Conceptual design of a hybrid neutron-gamma detector for study of β-delayed neutrons at the RIB facility of RIKEN
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Evidence for Gamow-Teller Decay of Ni 78 Core from Beta-Delayed Neutron Emission Studies
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DESCANT – the deuterated scintillator array for neutron tagging
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MONSTER: a TOF Spectrometer for β-delayed Neutron Spectroscopy
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Evaluation of Beta-Delayed Neutron Emission Probabilities and Half-Lives for Z = 2–28
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The Nubase2012 evaluation of nuclear properties
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Measurements of neutron-induced reactions in inverse kinematics
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Comparison of statistical model calculations for stable isotope neutron capture
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Novel technique for Constraining r -Process ( n , γ ) Reaction Rates
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The unfolding of continuum γ-ray spectra
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Systematic study of neutron capture including the compound, pre-equilibrium, and direct mechanisms
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Multi-Sampling Ionization Chamber (MUSIC) for measurements of fusion reactions with radioactive beams
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Fission cycling in a supernova r process
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New Fission Fragment Distributions and r -Process Origin of the Rare-Earth Elements
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Nuclear energy density optimization: Shell structure
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Positioning the neutron drip line and the r-process paths in the nuclear landscape
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The limits of the nuclear landscape explored by the relativistic continuum Hartree–Bogoliubov theory
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Uncertainty Quantification for Nuclear Density Functional Theory and Information Content of New Measurements
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Propagation of uncertainties in the Skyrme energy-density-functional model
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Propagation of uncertainties in the nuclear DFT models
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Uncertainty propagation within the UNEDF models
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Uncertainty quantification and propagation in nuclear density functional theory
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Nuclear mass systematics using neural networks
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A study on ground-state energies of nuclei by using neural networks
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Uncertainty decomposition method and its application to the liquid drop model
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Nuclear mass predictions for the crustal composition of neutron stars: A Bayesian neural network approach
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Refining mass formulas for astrophysical applications: A Bayesian neural network approach
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Estimating Parameter Uncertainty in Binding-Energy Models by the Frequency-Domain Bootstrap
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Decoding β -decay systematics: A global statistical model for β − half-lives
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Rotational properties of nuclei around No 254 investigated using a spectroscopic-quality Skyrme energy density functional
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Global microscopic calculations of ground-state spins and parities for odd-mass nuclei
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Dependence of single-particle energies on coupling constants of the nuclear energy density functional
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Spectroscopic Properties of Nuclear Skyrme Energy Density Functionals
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Addressing spectroscopic quality of covariant density functional theory
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Beyond the mean field in the particle–vibration coupling scheme
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Odd-even mass difference and isospin dependent pairing interaction
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Pairing gaps in the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory with the Gogny D1S interaction
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Optimal pair density functional for the description of nuclei with large neutron excess
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Isoscalar and isovector density dependence of the pairing functional determined from global fitting
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Pairing in exotic neutron-rich nuclei near the drip line and in the crust of neutron stars
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Density dependence of the pairing interaction and pairing correlation in unstable nuclei
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Global phenomenological descriptions of nuclear odd-even mass staggering
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Pairing Nambu-Goldstone Modes within Nuclear Density Functional Theory
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Weak interaction rates of neutron-rich nuclei and the r -process nucleosynthesis
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Gamow-Teller and first-forbidden decays near the r -process paths at N = 50 , 8 2 , and 126
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β-decay rates of r -process nuclei in the relativistic quasiparticle random phase approximation
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β-decay half-lives of neutron-rich nuclei and matter flow in the r-process
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Global description of β − decay in even-even nuclei with the axially-deformed Skyrme finite-amplitude method
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Towards an improved evaluation of neutron-induced fission cross sections on actinides
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Nuclear level density and the determination of thermonuclear rates for astrophysics
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Microscopic nuclear level densities for practical applications
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Improved microscopic nuclear level densities within the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov plus combinatorial method
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Temperature-dependent combinatorial level densities with the D1M Gogny force
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Behavior of Shell Effects with the Excitation Energy in Atomic Nuclei
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Direct evidence of fadeout of collective enhancement in nuclear level density
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Simultaneous Microscopic Description of Nuclear Level Density and Radiative Strength Function
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The shell model Monte Carlo approach to level densities: Recent developments and perspectives
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Particle-Number Reprojection in the Shell Model Monte Carlo Method: Application to Nuclear Level Densities
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Spin Projection in the Shell Model Monte Carlo Method and the Spin Distribution of Nuclear Level Densities
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Large-scale prediction of the parity distribution in the nuclear level density and application to astrophysical reaction rates
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Nuclear state densities of odd-mass heavy nuclei in the shell model Monte Carlo approach
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Direct microscopic calculation of nuclear level densities in the shell model Monte Carlo approach
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Microscopic HFB + QRPA predictions of dipole strength for astrophysics applications
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Self-consistent description of multipole strength: Systematic calculations
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Large-scale continuum random-phase approximation predictions of dipole strength for astrophysical applications
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M1 strength functions from large-scale shell-model calculations and their effect on astrophysical neutron capture cross-sections
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Electric and Magnetic Dipole Strength at Low Energy
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Fission and the Synthesis of Heavy Nuclei by Rapid Neutron Capture
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The role of fission in the r-process
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Influence of spontaneous fission rates on the yields of superheavy elements in the r-process
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Fission properties for r -process nuclei
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Microscopic theory of nuclear fission: a review
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Nuclear energy density optimization: Large deformations
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Microscopic description of complex nuclear decay: Multimodal fission
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Spontaneous fission modes and lifetimes of superheavy elements in the nuclear density functional theory
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Spontaneous fission lifetimes from the minimization of self-consistent collective action
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Pairing-induced speedup of nuclear spontaneous fission
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Microscopic modeling of mass and charge distributions in the spontaneous fission of Pu 240
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Formation and distribution of fragments in the spontaneous fission of 240 Pu
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Fission barriers and the parametrisation of Skyrme forces
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Further explorations of Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov mass formulas. VII. Simultaneous fits to masses and fission barriers
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Surface symmetry energy of nuclear energy density functionals
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Benchmarking nuclear fission theory
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Quadrupole collective inertia in nuclear fission: Cranking approximation
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Funny Hills: The Shell-Correction Approach to Nuclear Shell Effects and Its Applications to the Fission Process
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A dynamic analysis of spontaneous-fission half-lives
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Dynamic versus static fission paths with realistic interactions
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Multidimensionally constrained relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov study of spontaneous nuclear fission
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Microscopic study of induced fission dynamics of Th 226 with covariant energy density functionals
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Microscopic description of fission in odd-mass uranium and plutonium nuclei with the Gogny energy density functional
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Fission Barriers of Compound Superheavy Nuclei
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Excitation-energy dependence of fission in the mercury region
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Description of induced nuclear fission with Skyrme energy functionals. II. Finite temperature effects
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Thermal fission rates with temperature dependent fission barriers
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Formation and dynamics of fission fragments
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Superfluid dynamics of Fm 258 fission
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Fission fragment charge and mass distributions in Pu 239 ( n , f ) in the adiabatic nuclear energy density functional theory
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Induced Fission of Pu 240 within a Real-Time Microscopic Framework
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On stochastic approaches of nuclear dynamics
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Langevin model of low-energy fission
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Fission dynamics at low excitation energy
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Calculated fission-fragment yield systematics in the region 74 ≤ Z ≤ 94 and 90 ≤ N ≤ 150
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Mass yields and kinetic energy of fragments from fission of highly-excited nuclei with A≲220
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Nuclear Scission and Quantum Localization
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Stochastic quantum dynamics beyond mean field
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Microscopic Phase-Space Exploration Modeling of Fm 258 Spontaneous Fission
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Decay Properties of 75-80 Zn and Q β -values of Neutron-Rich Zn and Ga Isotopes
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Selective laser ionization of very neutron-rich cadmium isotopes: Decay properties of 131 Cd 83 and 132 Cd 84
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β-decay half-lives and β-delayed neutron emission probabilities for neutron rich nuclei close to the N = 82 r -process path
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Half-lives and branchings for β -delayed neutron emission for neutron-rich Co–Cu isotopes in the r -process
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Precision mass measurements with LEBIT at MSU
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Penning trap mass measurements of rare isotopes produced by projectile fragmentation with LEBIT at NSCL
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LEBIT II: Upgrades and developments for high precision Penning trap mass measurements with rare isotopes
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Research with fast radioactive isotope beams at RIKEN
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Progress of RIBF accelerators
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BigRIPS separator and ZeroDegree spectrometer at RIKEN RI Beam Factory
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BRIF and CARIF progress
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APPA at FAIR: From fundamental to applied research
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Nuclear physics experiments with ion storage rings
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Coulomb Breakup of Nuclei—Applications to Astrophysics
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Nuclear astrophysics with radioactive beams
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Nuclear astrophysics with radioactive ions at FAIR
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Physics book: CRYRING@ESR
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New developments of the in-source spectroscopy method at RILIS/ISOLDE
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The high resolution spectrometer at ISOLDE
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ISAC overview
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The experimental facilities at ISAC
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An ion guide laser ion source for isobar-suppressed rare isotope beams
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