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Title: ASASSN-18tb: a most unusual Type Ia supernova observed by TESS and SALT

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of the unusual Type Ia supernova ASASSN-18tb, including a series of Southern African Large Telescope spectra obtained over the course of nearly six months and the first observations of a supernova by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. We confirm a previous observation by Kollmeier et al. showing that ASASSN-18tb is the first relatively normal Type Ia supernova to exhibit clear broad (∼1000 km s−1) H α emission in its nebular-phase spectra. We find that this event is best explained as a sub-Chandrasekhar mass explosion producing $$M_{\mathrm{ Ni}} \approx 0.3\,\, \rm {M}_\odot$$. Despite the strong H α signature at late times, we find that the early rise of the supernova shows no evidence for deviations from a single-component power-law and is best fit with a moderately shallow power law of index 1.69 ± 0.04. We find that the H α luminosity remains approximately constant after its initial detection at phase +37 d, and that the H α velocity evolution does not trace that of the Fe iii λ4660 emission. These suggest that the H α emission arises from a circumstellar medium (CSM) rather than swept-up material from a non-degenerate companion. However, ASASSN-18tb is strikingly different from other known CSM-interacting Type Ia supernovae in a number of significant ways. Those objects typically show an H α luminosity two orders of magnitude higher than what is seen in ASASSN-18tb, pushing them away from the empirical light-curve relations that define ‘normal’ Type Ia supernovae. Conversely, ASASSN-18tb exhibits a fairly typical light curve and luminosity for an underluminous or transitional SN Ia, with MR ≈ −18.1 mag. Moreover, ASASSN-18tb is the only SN Ia showing H α from CSM interaction to be discovered in an early-type galaxy.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [4];  [5];  [4];  [6];  [6];  [7];  [7];  [8]; ORCiD logo [6];  [9];  [10];  [11]; ORCiD logo [12]; ORCiD logo [13];  [14];  [7]
  1. Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
  2. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
  3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
  4. Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
  5. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
  6. Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
  7. Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Yi He Yuan Road 5, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100871, China
  8. Núcleo de Astronomía de la Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército 441, Santiago, Chile, Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Santiago, Chile
  9. Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Institute for Advanced Study, 1 Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
  10. Coral Towers Observatory, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia
  11. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
  12. Carnegie Observatories, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
  13. South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935, Cape Town, South Africa
  14. Warsaw University Astronomical Observatory, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00-478 Warszawa, Poland
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Krell Institute, Ames, IA (United States); The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF); Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation of Spain (MINECO)
OSTI Identifier:
1525570
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1613173
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0019323; AST-1515927; AST-0908816; DGE-1343012; AST-1615455; AST-1515876; AST-1814440; AyA2014-55216.
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Volume: 487 Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Country of Publication:
United Kingdom
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; techniques: spectroscopic; circumstellar matter; supernovae: general; supernovae: individual: (ASASSN-18tb, SN 2018fhw)

Citation Formats

Vallely, P. J., Fausnaugh, M., Jha, S. W., Tucker, M. A., Eweis, Y., Shappee, B. J., Kochanek, C. S., Stanek, K. Z., Chen, Ping, Dong, Subo, Prieto, J. L., Sukhbold, T., Thompson, Todd A., Brimacombe, J., Stritzinger, M. D., Holoien, T. W-S, Buckley, D. A. H., Gromadzki, M., and Bose, Subhash. ASASSN-18tb: a most unusual Type Ia supernova observed by TESS and SALT. United Kingdom: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1445.
Vallely, P. J., Fausnaugh, M., Jha, S. W., Tucker, M. A., Eweis, Y., Shappee, B. J., Kochanek, C. S., Stanek, K. Z., Chen, Ping, Dong, Subo, Prieto, J. L., Sukhbold, T., Thompson, Todd A., Brimacombe, J., Stritzinger, M. D., Holoien, T. W-S, Buckley, D. A. H., Gromadzki, M., & Bose, Subhash. ASASSN-18tb: a most unusual Type Ia supernova observed by TESS and SALT. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1445
Vallely, P. J., Fausnaugh, M., Jha, S. W., Tucker, M. A., Eweis, Y., Shappee, B. J., Kochanek, C. S., Stanek, K. Z., Chen, Ping, Dong, Subo, Prieto, J. L., Sukhbold, T., Thompson, Todd A., Brimacombe, J., Stritzinger, M. D., Holoien, T. W-S, Buckley, D. A. H., Gromadzki, M., and Bose, Subhash. Mon . "ASASSN-18tb: a most unusual Type Ia supernova observed by TESS and SALT". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1445.
@article{osti_1525570,
title = {ASASSN-18tb: a most unusual Type Ia supernova observed by TESS and SALT},
author = {Vallely, P. J. and Fausnaugh, M. and Jha, S. W. and Tucker, M. A. and Eweis, Y. and Shappee, B. J. and Kochanek, C. S. and Stanek, K. Z. and Chen, Ping and Dong, Subo and Prieto, J. L. and Sukhbold, T. and Thompson, Todd A. and Brimacombe, J. and Stritzinger, M. D. and Holoien, T. W-S and Buckley, D. A. H. and Gromadzki, M. and Bose, Subhash},
abstractNote = {ABSTRACT We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of the unusual Type Ia supernova ASASSN-18tb, including a series of Southern African Large Telescope spectra obtained over the course of nearly six months and the first observations of a supernova by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. We confirm a previous observation by Kollmeier et al. showing that ASASSN-18tb is the first relatively normal Type Ia supernova to exhibit clear broad (∼1000 km s−1) H α emission in its nebular-phase spectra. We find that this event is best explained as a sub-Chandrasekhar mass explosion producing $M_{\mathrm{ Ni}} \approx 0.3\,\, \rm {M}_\odot$. Despite the strong H α signature at late times, we find that the early rise of the supernova shows no evidence for deviations from a single-component power-law and is best fit with a moderately shallow power law of index 1.69 ± 0.04. We find that the H α luminosity remains approximately constant after its initial detection at phase +37 d, and that the H α velocity evolution does not trace that of the Fe iii λ4660 emission. These suggest that the H α emission arises from a circumstellar medium (CSM) rather than swept-up material from a non-degenerate companion. However, ASASSN-18tb is strikingly different from other known CSM-interacting Type Ia supernovae in a number of significant ways. Those objects typically show an H α luminosity two orders of magnitude higher than what is seen in ASASSN-18tb, pushing them away from the empirical light-curve relations that define ‘normal’ Type Ia supernovae. Conversely, ASASSN-18tb exhibits a fairly typical light curve and luminosity for an underluminous or transitional SN Ia, with MR ≈ −18.1 mag. Moreover, ASASSN-18tb is the only SN Ia showing H α from CSM interaction to be discovered in an early-type galaxy.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/stz1445},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 2,
volume = 487,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Mon May 27 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Mon May 27 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
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https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1445

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MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF SUPERNOVA 2011ei: TIME-DEPENDENT CLASSIFICATION OF TYPE IIb AND Ib SUPERNOVAE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THEIR PROGENITORS
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The absolute magnitudes of Type IA supernovae
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Constraints on the Origin of the First Light from sn 2014j
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Observations of the m82 sn 2014j with the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope
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Post-Maximum Near-Infrared Spectra of sn 2014j: a Search for Interaction Signatures
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Supernova 2008J: early time observations of a heavily reddened SN 2002ic-like transient
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A Method for Optimal Image Subtraction
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The rise of sn 2014j in the Nearby Galaxy m82
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Subaru Spectroscopy of the Interacting Type Ia Supernova SN 2002ic: Evidence of a Hydrogen-rich, Asymmetric Circumstellar Medium
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THE SPECTROSCOPIC DIVERSITY OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE
journal, April 2012


Comparative Direct Analysis of Type Ia Supernova Spectra. II. Maximum Light
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K2 Observations of SN 2018oh Reveal a Two-component Rising Light Curve for a Type Ia Supernova
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Three-dimensional simulations of the interaction between Type Ia supernova ejecta and their main sequence companions
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Improved Distances to Type Ia Supernovae with Multicolor Light‐Curve Shapes: MLCS2k2
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Nebular H α Limits for Fast Declining SNe Ia
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Kepler Planet-Detection Mission: Introduction and First Results
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Nebular spectroscopy of SN 2014J: Detection of stable nickel in near-infrared spectra
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X-ray emission from SN 2012ca: A Type Ia-CSM supernova explosion in a dense surrounding medium
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Seeing Double: ASASSN-18bt Exhibits a Two-component Rise in the Early-time K2 Light Curve
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Photometric and Spectroscopic Properties of Type Ia Supernova 2018oh with Early Excess Emission from the Kepler 2 Observations
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The Gaia mission
journal, November 2016


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A SWIFT LOOK AT SN 2011fe: THE EARLIEST ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS OF A TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA
journal, June 2012

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Supernova SN 2011fe from an exploding carbon–oxygen white dwarf star
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Light and Color Curve Properties of Type Ia Supernovae: Theory Versus Observations
journal, August 2017


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journal, September 2007

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LATE-TIME CIRCUMSTELLAR INTERACTION IN A SPITZER SELECTED SAMPLE OF TYPE IIn SUPERNOVAE
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Imprints of the ejecta–companion interaction in Type Ia supernovae: main-sequence, subgiant, and red giant companions
journal, October 2016

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THE YOUNG AND BRIGHT TYPE IA SUPERNOVA ASASSN-14lp: DISCOVERY, EARLY-TIME OBSERVATIONS, FIRST-LIGHT TIME, DISTANCE TO NGC 4666, AND PROGENITOR CONSTRAINTS
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Extensive HST ultraviolet spectra and multiwavelength observations of SN 2014J in M82 indicate reddening and circumstellar scattering by typical dust
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SHOCK BREAKOUT AND EARLY LIGHT CURVES OF TYPE II-P SUPERNOVAE OBSERVED WITH KEPLER
journal, March 2016


SN 2012fr: Ultraviolet, Optical, and Near-infrared Light Curves of a Type Ia Supernova Observed within a Day of Explosion
journal, May 2018

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TYPE Ia SINGLE DEGENERATE SURVIVORS MUST BE OVERLUMINOUS
journal, February 2013


Supernova 2014J at M82 – II. Direct analysis of a middle-class Type Ia supernova
journal, May 2016

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NO STRIPPED HYDROGEN IN THE NEBULAR SPECTRA OF NEARBY TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA 2011fe
journal, December 2012