Nucleon and nuclear structure functions with nonperturbative and higher order perturbative QCD effects

Zaidi, F.; Haider, H.; Athar, M. Sajjad; Singh, S. K.; Simo, I. Ruiz

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.99.093011

Title: Nucleon and nuclear structure functions with nonperturbative and higher order perturbative QCD effects

Abstract

We have studied the nucleon structure functions F^EM_iN(x,Q²), i = 1, 2, by including contributions due to the higher order perturbative QCD effect up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) and the nonperturbative effects due to the kinematical and dynamical higher twist (HT) effects. The numerical results for F^EM_iN(x,Q²) are obtained using Martin, Motylinski, Harland-Lang, Thorne 2014 NLO and NNLO nucleon parton distribution functions (PDFs). The dynamical HT correction has been included following the renormalon approach as well as the phenomenological approach, and the kinematical HT effect is incorporated using the works of Schienbein et al. These nucleon structure functions have been used as an input to calculate the nuclear structure functions F^EM_iN(x,Q²). In a nucleus, the nuclear corrections arise because of the Fermi motion, binding energy, nucleon correlations, mesonic contribution, and shadowing and antishadowing effects. These nuclear corrections are taken into account in the numerical calculations to obtain the nuclear structure functions F^EM_iN(x,Q²), for the various nuclear targets such as ¹²C, ²⁷Al, ⁵⁶Fe, ⁶⁴Cu, ¹¹⁸Sn, ¹⁹⁷Au, and ²⁰⁸Pb which are of experimental interest. The effect of isoscalarity correction for nonisoscalar nuclear targets has also been studied. The results for the F^EM_iN(x,Q²) are compared with nCTEQ nuclear PDFs parametrization as well as withmore »« less

Authors:

Zaidi, F. ^[1]; Haider, H. ^[2]; Athar, M. Sajjad ^[1]; Singh, S. K. ^[1]; Simo, I. Ruiz ^[3]

Aligarh Muslim Univ., Aligarh (India)
Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
Univ. de Granada, Granada (Spain)

Publication Date:: Tue May 28 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1525455

Report Number(s):: arXiv:1903.09000; FERMILAB-PUB-19-150-ND
Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010; PRVDAQ; 1726114

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11359

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review D

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 99; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

Citation Formats


                    Zaidi, F., Haider, H., Athar, M. Sajjad, Singh, S. K., and Simo, I. Ruiz. Nucleon and nuclear structure functions with nonperturbative and higher order perturbative QCD effects.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.99.093011.

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                    Zaidi, F., Haider, H., Athar, M. Sajjad, Singh, S. K., & Simo, I. Ruiz. Nucleon and nuclear structure functions with nonperturbative and higher order perturbative QCD effects.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.093011

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                    Zaidi, F., Haider, H., Athar, M. Sajjad, Singh, S. K., and Simo, I. Ruiz. Tue .  
"Nucleon and nuclear structure functions with nonperturbative and higher order perturbative QCD effects".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.093011.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1525455.

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@article{osti_1525455,

  title        = {Nucleon and nuclear structure functions with nonperturbative and higher order perturbative QCD effects},

  author       = {Zaidi, F. and Haider, H. and Athar, M. Sajjad and Singh, S. K. and Simo, I. Ruiz},

  abstractNote = {We have studied the nucleon structure functions FEMiN(x,Q2), i = 1, 2, by including contributions due to the higher order perturbative QCD effect up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) and the nonperturbative effects due to the kinematical and dynamical higher twist (HT) effects. The numerical results for FEMiN(x,Q2) are obtained using Martin, Motylinski, Harland-Lang, Thorne 2014 NLO and NNLO nucleon parton distribution functions (PDFs). The dynamical HT correction has been included following the renormalon approach as well as the phenomenological approach, and the kinematical HT effect is incorporated using the works of Schienbein et al. These nucleon structure functions have been used as an input to calculate the nuclear structure functions FEMiN(x,Q2). In a nucleus, the nuclear corrections arise because of the Fermi motion, binding energy, nucleon correlations, mesonic contribution, and shadowing and antishadowing effects. These nuclear corrections are taken into account in the numerical calculations to obtain the nuclear structure functions FEMiN(x,Q2), for the various nuclear targets such as 12C, 27Al, 56Fe, 64Cu, 118Sn, 197Au, and 208Pb which are of experimental interest. The effect of isoscalarity correction for nonisoscalar nuclear targets has also been studied. The results for the FEMiN(x,Q2) are compared with nCTEQ nuclear PDFs parametrization as well as with the experimental results from JLab, SLAC, and NMC in the kinematic region of 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 for several nuclei. We have also calculated the ratio RA(x,Q2) = F2A(x,Q2)/2xF1A(x,Q2) in the moderate Q2 region for various nuclei and compared the results with the available experimental data from JLab to examine the validity of the Callan-Gross relation in the nuclei. We also make predictions for the nuclear structure functions in 12C, 64Cu, and 197Au in the kinematic region of the proposed experiment at JLab.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevD.99.093011},

  journal      = {Physical Review D},

  number       = 9,

  volume       = 99,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue May 28 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Tue May 28 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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FIG. 1: Diagrammatic representations of (a) charged lepton self-energy, and (b) photon self-energy with Cutkosky cuts (solid horizontal line) for putting particles on mass shell.

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Martin, A. D.; Roberts, R. G.; Stirling, W. J.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/0308087

The Longitudinal Structure Function at the Third Order
text, January 2004

Moch, S.; Vermaseren, J. A. M.; Vogt, A.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/0411112

Global Study of Nuclear Structure Functions
text, January 2004

Kulagin, S. A.; Petti, R.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/0412425

Quark-hadron duality in electron scattering
text, January 2005

Melnitchouk, W.; Ent, R.; Keppel, C.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/0501217

Power Corrections and Renormalons in Deep Inelastic Structure Functions
text, January 1996

Dasgupta, M.; Webber, B. R.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9604388

QCD Evolution Equations: Numerical Algorithms from the Laguerre Expansion
text, January 1998

Coriano, Claudio; Savkli, Cetin
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9803336

Renormalon Model Predictions for Power-Corrections to Flavour Singlet Deep Inelastic Structure Functions
text, January 1998

Stein, E.; Maul, M.; Mankiewicz, L.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9803342

Parton distributions: a new global analysis
text, January 1998

Martin, A. D.; Roberts, R. G.; Stirling, W. J.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9803445

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Title: Nucleon and nuclear structure functions with nonperturbative and higher order perturbative QCD effects

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

NuSTEC 1 1Neutrino Scattering Theory Experiment Collaboration http://nustec.fnal.gov. White Paper: Status and challenges of neutrino–nucleus scattering journal, May 2018

Impact of nuclear dependence of R = σ L / σ T on antishadowing in nuclear structure functions journal, October 2012

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Nuclear medium effects in F 2 A EM ( x , Q 2 ) and F 2 A Weak ( x , Q 2 ) structure functions journal, November 2016

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Scaling, Duality, and the Behavior of Resonances in Inelastic Electron-Proton Scattering journal, October 1970

Measurement of partonic nuclear effects in deep-inelastic neutrino scattering using MINERvA journal, April 2016

High-Energy Electroproduction and the Constitution of the Electric Current journal, January 1969

Quark–hadron duality in electron scattering journal, January 2005

Target mass corrections journal, March 2008

Evidence for higher twist from R = σ L σ T data in deep-inelastic electron scattering journal, October 1989

Twist-four corrections to charged- and neutral-current neutrino scattering journal, June 1985

Structure functions at low : higher twists and target mass effects journal, February 2007

A precise extraction of R=σL/σT from a global analysis of the SLAC deep inelastic e-p and e-d scattering cross sections journal, November 1990

Empirical fit to precision inclusive electron-proton cross sections in the resonance region journal, May 2010

Measurements of R=σL/σT for 0.03<x<0.1 and fit to world data journal, April 1999

Precision Measurement of R = σ L σ T and F 2 in Deep-Inelastic Electron Scattering journal, August 1988

Measurement of kinematic and nuclear dependence of R = σ L σ T in deep inelastic electron scattering journal, June 1994

Measurement of the Difference in R = σ L σ T and of σ A σ D in Deep-Inelastic e − D , e − F e , and e − A u Scattering journal, June 1988

Longitudinal-Transverse Separations of Deep-Inelastic Structure Functions at Low Q 2 for Hydrogen and Deuterium journal, April 2007

Moments of the Longitudinal Proton Structure Function F L from Global Data in the Q 2 Range 0.75 – 45.0 ( GeV / c ) 2 journal, April 2013

A high statistics measurement of the proton structure functions F2(x, Q2) and R from deep inelastic muon scattering at high Q2 journal, June 1989

A high statistics measurement of the nucleon structure function F2(x,Q2) from deep inelastic muon-carbon scattering at high Q2 journal, August 1987

The ratio of the nucleon structure functions F2N for iron and deuterium journal, March 1983

Electron Scattering from Nuclear Targets and Quark Distributions in Nuclei journal, May 1983

Comparison of the Deep-Inelastic Structure Functions of Deuterium and Aluminum Nuclei journal, August 1983

The challenge of the EMC effect: Existing data and future directions journal, August 2014

The Nuclear EMC Effect journal, December 1995

The emc Effect and high Momentum Nucleons in Nuclei journal, July 2013

Parton distributions in the LHC era: MMHT 2014 PDFs journal, May 2015

The third-order QCD corrections to deep-inelastic scattering by photon exchange journal, September 2005

The longitudinal structure function at the third order journal, January 2005

Power corrections and renormalons in deep inelastic structure functions journal, August 1996

Renormalon model predictions for power corrections to flavor-singlet deep-inelastic structure functions journal, December 1998

A measurement of αs and of higher twists from a QCD analysis of high statistics F2 data on hydrogen and deuterium targets journal, January 1992

Mesonic and binding contributions to the EMC effect in a relativistic many-body approach journal, December 1996

Pion cloud contribution to K + -nucleus scattering journal, January 1995

Global study of nuclear structure functions journal, January 2006

Pionic parton distributions journal, December 1992

Pion parton distribution function in the valence region journal, December 2005

Measurement of the A dependence of deep-inelastic electron scattering journal, May 1994

The A dependence of the nuclear structure function ratios journal, December 1996

Measurement of the proton and deuteron structure functions, F2p and F2d, and of the ratio journal, January 1997

nCTEQ15: Global analysis of nuclear parton distributions with uncertainties in the CTEQ framework journal, April 2016

Semiphenomenological approach to nucleon properties in nuclear matter journal, November 1992

Parity violating asymmetry with nuclear medium effects in deep inelastic e → scattering journal, August 2015

Nuclear medium effects in ν ( ν ¯ ) -nucleus deep inelastic scattering journal, November 2011

ν ( ν ¯ ) − 208 Pb deep-inelastic scattering journal, May 2012

Effects of the nuclear medium and non-isoscalarity in extracting sin 2 θ W using the Paschos-Wolfenstein relation journal, March 2013

Nuclear medium modification of the structure function journal, May 2011

Nuclear medium effects in Drell–Yan process journal, March 2017

Asymptotic freedom in parton language journal, August 1977

NNLO evolution of deep-inelastic structure functions: the non-singlet case journal, February 2000

NNLO evolution of deep-inelastic structure functions: the singlet case journal, November 2000

Lepton-hadron processes beyond leading order in quantum chromodynamics journal, December 1982

Numerical solution of Q2 evolution equations for polarized structure functions journal, January 1998

A FORTRAN program for numerical solution of the Altarelli-Parisi equations by the Laguerre method journal, March 1992

QCD evolution equations: Numerical algorithms from the Laguerre expansion journal, May 1999

Matrix approach to a numerical solution of the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi evolution equations journal, April 2001

Modeling Lepton-Nucleon Inelastic Scattering from High to Low Momentum Transfer conference, January 2007

Constraints on large- x parton distributions from new weak boson production and deep-inelastic scattering data journal, June 2016

Uncertainties of predictions from parton distributions II: theoretical errors journal, June 2004

Studies of higher twist and higher order effects in NLO and NNLO QCD analysis of lepton-nucleon scattering data on $F_2$ and $R ={\sigma_L}/{\sigma_T}$ journal, March 2000

Nuclear effects and higher twists in F3 structure function journal, November 2000

Parton distributions for the pion extracted from Drell-Yan and prompt photon experiments journal, April 1992

Parton distributions: a new global analysis journal, July 1998

Experimental study of muon pairs produced by 252-GeV pions on tungsten journal, January 1989

A detailed study of the proton structure functions in deep inelastic muon-proton scattering journal, September 1985

Parton distributions: a new global analysis journal, January 1998

Nuclear corrections in νA DIS and their compatibility with global NPDF analyses conference, January 2011

Pion cloud contribution to K+-nucleus scattering journal, March 1995

Coulomb Distortion in the Inelastic Regime text, January 2009

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in Nuclei text, January 2013

Nuclear medium effects in Drell-Yan process preprint, January 2013

Parity violating asymmetry with nuclear medium effects in deep inelastic $\vec e$ scattering text, January 2014

NuSTEC 1 1Neutrino Scattering Theory Experiment Collaboration http://nustec.fnal.gov. White Paper: Status and challenges of neutrino–nucleus scattering
journal, May 2018

Impact of nuclear dependence of $R = σ_{L} / σ_{T}$ on antishadowing in nuclear structure functions
journal, October 2012

Coulomb distortion in the inelastic regime
conference, January 2009

Nuclear Corrections in ν A DIS and Their Compatibility with Global NPDF Analyses
journal, January 2012

Nuclear medium effects in $F_{2 A}^{EM} (x, Q^{2})$ and $F_{2 A}^{Weak} (x, Q^{2})$ structure functions
journal, November 2016

Nuclear medium effects in structure functions of nucleon at moderate $Q^{2}$
journal, November 2015

Scaling, Duality, and the Behavior of Resonances in Inelastic Electron-Proton Scattering
journal, October 1970

Measurement of partonic nuclear effects in deep-inelastic neutrino scattering using MINERvA
journal, April 2016

High-Energy Electroproduction and the Constitution of the Electric Current
journal, January 1969

Quark–hadron duality in electron scattering
journal, January 2005

Target mass corrections
journal, March 2008

Evidence for higher twist from $R = \frac{σ_{L}}{σ_{T}}$ data in deep-inelastic electron scattering
journal, October 1989

Twist-four corrections to charged- and neutral-current neutrino scattering
journal, June 1985

Structure functions at low : higher twists and target mass effects
journal, February 2007

A precise extraction of R=σL/σT from a global analysis of the SLAC deep inelastic e-p and e-d scattering cross sections
journal, November 1990

Empirical fit to precision inclusive electron-proton cross sections in the resonance region
journal, May 2010

Measurements of R=σL/σT for 0.03<x<0.1 and fit to world data
journal, April 1999

Precision Measurement of $R = \frac{σ_{L}}{σ_{T}}$ and $F_{2}$ in Deep-Inelastic Electron Scattering
journal, August 1988

Measurement of kinematic and nuclear dependence of $R = \frac{σ_{L}}{σ_{T}}$ in deep inelastic electron scattering
journal, June 1994

Measurement of the Difference in $R = \frac{σ_{L}}{σ_{T}}$ and of $\frac{σ^{A}}{σ^{D}}$ in Deep-Inelastic $e - D$ , $e - F e$ , and $e - A u$ Scattering
journal, June 1988

Longitudinal-Transverse Separations of Deep-Inelastic Structure Functions at Low $Q^{2}$ for Hydrogen and Deuterium
journal, April 2007

Moments of the Longitudinal Proton Structure Function $F_{L}$ from Global Data in the $Q^{2}$ Range $0.75 - 45.0 (GeV / c)^{2}$
journal, April 2013

A high statistics measurement of the proton structure functions F2(x, Q2) and R from deep inelastic muon scattering at high Q2
journal, June 1989

A high statistics measurement of the nucleon structure function F2(x,Q2) from deep inelastic muon-carbon scattering at high Q2
journal, August 1987

The ratio of the nucleon structure functions F2N for iron and deuterium
journal, March 1983

Electron Scattering from Nuclear Targets and Quark Distributions in Nuclei
journal, May 1983

Comparison of the Deep-Inelastic Structure Functions of Deuterium and Aluminum Nuclei
journal, August 1983

The challenge of the EMC effect: Existing data and future directions
journal, August 2014

The Nuclear EMC Effect
journal, December 1995

The emc Effect and high Momentum Nucleons in Nuclei
journal, July 2013

Parton distributions in the LHC era: MMHT 2014 PDFs
journal, May 2015

The third-order QCD corrections to deep-inelastic scattering by photon exchange
journal, September 2005

The longitudinal structure function at the third order
journal, January 2005

Power corrections and renormalons in deep inelastic structure functions
journal, August 1996

Renormalon model predictions for power corrections to flavor-singlet deep-inelastic structure functions
journal, December 1998

A measurement of αs and of higher twists from a QCD analysis of high statistics F2 data on hydrogen and deuterium targets
journal, January 1992

Mesonic and binding contributions to the EMC effect in a relativistic many-body approach
journal, December 1996

Pion cloud contribution to $K^{+}$ -nucleus scattering
journal, January 1995

Global study of nuclear structure functions
journal, January 2006

Pionic parton distributions
journal, December 1992

Pion parton distribution function in the valence region
journal, December 2005

Measurement of the $A$ dependence of deep-inelastic electron scattering
journal, May 1994

The A dependence of the nuclear structure function ratios
journal, December 1996

Measurement of the proton and deuteron structure functions, F2p and F2d, and of the ratio
journal, January 1997

nCTEQ15: Global analysis of nuclear parton distributions with uncertainties in the CTEQ framework
journal, April 2016

Semiphenomenological approach to nucleon properties in nuclear matter
journal, November 1992

Parity violating asymmetry with nuclear medium effects in deep inelastic $\vec{e}$ scattering
journal, August 2015

Nuclear medium effects in $ν (\bar{ν})$ -nucleus deep inelastic scattering
journal, November 2011

$ν (\bar{ν})$ $-^{208}$ Pb deep-inelastic scattering
journal, May 2012

Effects of the nuclear medium and non-isoscalarity in extracting $\sin^{2} θ_{W}$ using the Paschos-Wolfenstein relation
journal, March 2013

Nuclear medium modification of the structure function
journal, May 2011

Nuclear medium effects in Drell–Yan process
journal, March 2017

Asymptotic freedom in parton language
journal, August 1977

NNLO evolution of deep-inelastic structure functions: the non-singlet case
journal, February 2000

NNLO evolution of deep-inelastic structure functions: the singlet case
journal, November 2000

Lepton-hadron processes beyond leading order in quantum chromodynamics
journal, December 1982

Numerical solution of Q2 evolution equations for polarized structure functions
journal, January 1998

A FORTRAN program for numerical solution of the Altarelli-Parisi equations by the Laguerre method
journal, March 1992

QCD evolution equations: Numerical algorithms from the Laguerre expansion
journal, May 1999

Matrix approach to a numerical solution of the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi evolution equations
journal, April 2001

Modeling Lepton-Nucleon Inelastic Scattering from High to Low Momentum Transfer
conference, January 2007

Constraints on large- $x$ parton distributions from new weak boson production and deep-inelastic scattering data
journal, June 2016

Uncertainties of predictions from parton distributions II: theoretical errors
journal, June 2004

Studies of higher twist and higher order effects in NLO and NNLO QCD analysis of lepton-nucleon scattering data on $F_2$ and $R ={\sigma_L}/{\sigma_T}$
journal, March 2000

Nuclear effects and higher twists in F3 structure function
journal, November 2000

Parton distributions for the pion extracted from Drell-Yan and prompt photon experiments
journal, April 1992

Parton distributions: a new global analysis
journal, July 1998

Experimental study of muon pairs produced by 252-GeV pions on tungsten
journal, January 1989

A detailed study of the proton structure functions in deep inelastic muon-proton scattering
journal, September 1985

Parton distributions: a new global analysis
journal, January 1998

Nuclear corrections in νA DIS and their compatibility with global NPDF analyses
conference, January 2011

Pion cloud contribution to K+-nucleus scattering
journal, March 1995

Coulomb Distortion in the Inelastic Regime
text, January 2009

The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in Nuclei
text, January 2013

Nuclear medium effects in Drell-Yan process
preprint, January 2013

Parity violating asymmetry with nuclear medium effects in deep inelastic $\vec e$ scattering
text, January 2014

nCTEQ15 - Global analysis of nuclear parton distributions with uncertainties in the CTEQ framework
text, January 2015

Constraints on large-$x$ parton distributions from new weak boson production and deep-inelastic scattering data
text, January 2016

NuSTEC White Paper: Status and Challenges of Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering
text, January 2017

Studies of Higher Twist and Higher Order Effects in NLO and NNLO QCD Analysis of Lepton-Nucleon Scattering Data on F_2 and R =sigma_L/sigma_T
text, January 1999