Electron extraction efficiency study for dual-phase xenon dark matter experiments

Xu, J.; Pereverzev, S.; Lenardo, B.; Kingston, J.; Naim, D.; Bernstein, A.; Kazkaz, K.; Tripathi, M.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.99.103024

Title: Electron extraction efficiency study for dual-phase xenon dark matter experiments

Journal Article · 28 May 2019 · Physical Review D

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.103024 · OSTI ID:1524736

Xu, J. ^[1]; Pereverzev, S. ^[1]; Lenardo, B. ^[2]; Kingston, J. ^[1]; Naim, D. ^[3]; Bernstein, A. ^[1]; Kazkaz, K. ^[1]; Tripathi, M. ^[3]

Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics; Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Dual-phase xenon detectors are widely used in dark matter direct detection experiments, and have demonstrated the highest sensitivities to a variety of dark matter interactions. However, a key component of the dual-phase detector technology—the efficiency of charge extraction from liquid xenon into gas—has not been well characterized. We report a new measurement of the electron extraction efficiency (EEE) in a small xenon detector using two monoenergetic decay features of $$^{37}\mathrm{Ar}$$. By achieving stable operation at very high voltages, we measured the EEE values at the highest extraction electric field strength reported to date. For the first time, an apparent saturation of the EEE is observed over a large range of electric field; between 7.5 and $$10.4\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kV}/\mathrm{cm}$$ extraction field in the liquid xenon the EEE stays stable at the level of 1% $$(\mathrm{kV}/\mathrm{cm}{)}^{{-}1}$$. In the context of electron transport models developed for xenon, we discuss how the observed saturation may help calibrate this relative EEE measurement to the absolute EEE values. In addition, we present the implications of this result not only to current and future xenon-based dark matter searches, but also to xenon-based searches for coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scatters.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; NA0000979

OSTI ID:: 1524736

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1518507

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-758497; 946651

Journal Information:: Physical Review D, Vol. 99, Issue 10; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 20 works

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Title: Electron extraction efficiency study for dual-phase xenon dark matter experiments

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