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Title: Scaling from gauge and scalar radiation in Abelian-Higgs string networks

Abstract

In this work, we investigate cosmic string networks in the Abelian Higgs model using data from a campaign of large-scale numerical simulations on lattices of up to 40963 grid points. We observe scaling or self-similarity of the networks over a wide range of scales and estimate the asymptotic values of the mean string separation in horizon length units ξ ˙ and of the mean square string velocity v ¯ 2 in the continuum and large time limits. The scaling occurs because the strings lose energy into classical radiation of the scalar and gauge fields of the Abelian Higgs model. We quantify the energy loss with a dimensionless radiative efficiency parameter and show that it does not vary significantly with lattice spacing or string separation. This implies that the radiative energy loss underlying the scaling behavior is not a lattice artifact, and justifies the extrapolation of measured network properties to large times for computations of cosmological perturbations. We also show that the core growth method, which increases the defect core width with time to extend the dynamic range of simulations, does not introduce significant systematic error. We compare ξ ˙ and v ¯ 2 to values measured in simulations using the Nambu-Goto approximation, finding that the latter underestimate the mean string separation by about 25%, and overestimate v ¯ 2 by about 10%. The scaling of the string separation implies that string loops decay by the emission of massive radiation within a Hubble time in field theory simulations, in contrast to the Nambu-Goto scenario which neglects this energy loss mechanism. String loops surviving for only one Hubble time emit much less gravitational radiation than in the Nambu-Goto scenario and are consequently subject to much weaker gravitational wave constraints on their tension.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Univ. of Sussex, Brighton (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics & Astronomy; Univ. of Helsinki (Finland). Dept. of Physics and Helsinki Inst. of Physics
  2. Univ. of Basque Country, Bilbao (Spain). Dept. of Theoretical Physics; Univ. of Basque Country, Bilbao (Spain). Dept. of Applied Mathematics
  3. Univ. of Basque Country, Bilboa (Spain). Dept. of Theoretical Physics
  4. Centre for Theoretical Cosmology, Cambridge (United Kingdom). Dept. of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics; African Inst. for Mathematical Sciences, Cape Town (South Africa); Univ. de Geneve, Geneve (Switzerland). Dept. de Physique Theorique and Center for Astroparticle Physics
  5. Univ. de Geneve, Geneve (Switzerland). Dept. de Physique Theoretique and Center for Astroparticle Physics
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1523885
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physical Review D
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 96; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Citation Formats

Hindmarsh, Mark, Lizarraga, Joanes, Urrestilla, Jon, Daverio, David, and Kunz, Martin. Scaling from gauge and scalar radiation in Abelian-Higgs string networks. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.96.023525.
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Hindmarsh, Mark, Lizarraga, Joanes, Urrestilla, Jon, Daverio, David, & Kunz, Martin. Scaling from gauge and scalar radiation in Abelian-Higgs string networks. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.023525
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Hindmarsh, Mark, Lizarraga, Joanes, Urrestilla, Jon, Daverio, David, and Kunz, Martin. Fri . "Scaling from gauge and scalar radiation in Abelian-Higgs string networks". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.023525. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1523885.
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@article{osti_1523885,
title = {Scaling from gauge and scalar radiation in Abelian-Higgs string networks},
author = {Hindmarsh, Mark and Lizarraga, Joanes and Urrestilla, Jon and Daverio, David and Kunz, Martin},
abstractNote = {In this work, we investigate cosmic string networks in the Abelian Higgs model using data from a campaign of large-scale numerical simulations on lattices of up to 40963 grid points. We observe scaling or self-similarity of the networks over a wide range of scales and estimate the asymptotic values of the mean string separation in horizon length units ξ˙ and of the mean square string velocity v¯2 in the continuum and large time limits. The scaling occurs because the strings lose energy into classical radiation of the scalar and gauge fields of the Abelian Higgs model. We quantify the energy loss with a dimensionless radiative efficiency parameter and show that it does not vary significantly with lattice spacing or string separation. This implies that the radiative energy loss underlying the scaling behavior is not a lattice artifact, and justifies the extrapolation of measured network properties to large times for computations of cosmological perturbations. We also show that the core growth method, which increases the defect core width with time to extend the dynamic range of simulations, does not introduce significant systematic error. We compare ξ˙ and v¯2 to values measured in simulations using the Nambu-Goto approximation, finding that the latter underestimate the mean string separation by about 25%, and overestimate v¯2 by about 10%. The scaling of the string separation implies that string loops decay by the emission of massive radiation within a Hubble time in field theory simulations, in contrast to the Nambu-Goto scenario which neglects this energy loss mechanism. String loops surviving for only one Hubble time emit much less gravitational radiation than in the Nambu-Goto scenario and are consequently subject to much weaker gravitational wave constraints on their tension.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.96.023525},
journal = {Physical Review D},
number = 2,
volume = 96,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jul 21 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Fri Jul 21 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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Journal Article:
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.023525
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Cited by: 62 works
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Figures / Tables:

FIG. 1 FIG. 1: Slice through the Nielsen-Olesen vortex, showing total energy density $ρ$, in a 64 × 64 region with $∆x$ = 0.25. The total energy density is equal to the negative of the Lagrangian density and the negative of the diagonal component orthogonal to the plane, $T$33.
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journal, September 2016

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journal, September 2016

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text, January 2010

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text, January 2011

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text, January 2011

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text, January 2011

Fast Analytic Computation of Cosmic String Power Spectra
text, January 2012

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text, January 2013

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text, January 2013

Improving cosmic string network simulations
text, January 2014

CMB power spectrum of Nambu-Goto cosmic strings
text, January 2014

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text, January 2015

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text, January 2016

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text, January 2016

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text, January 1997

Cosmic microwave background anisotropy from wiggly strings
text, January 1999

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text, January 1999

Cosmic String Structure at the Gravitational Radiation Scale
text, January 2007

Extending the Velocity-dependent One-scale String Evolution Model
text, January 2000

Cosmic strings
text, January 1994

Effective action and motion of a cosmic string
text, January 1997

Solitonic D-branes and brane annihilation
text, January 2002

Formation and evolution of cosmic D-strings
text, January 2003

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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Cosmological backgrounds of gravitational waves
    journal, July 2018

    Cosmic string loop production functions
    journal, June 2019

    • Auclair, Pierre; Ringeval, Christophe; Sakellariadou, Mairi
    • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2019, Issue 06
    • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2019/06/015

    Inferring cosmic string tension through the neural network prediction of string locations in CMB maps
    journal, December 2018

    • Ciuca, Razvan; Hernández, Oscar F.
    • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 483, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty3478

    Extending and calibrating the velocity dependent one-scale model for cosmic strings with one thousand field theory simulations
    journal, November 2019

    Ionization from cosmic strings at cosmic dawn
    journal, January 2020

    Decay of Cosmic String Loops Due to Particle Radiation
    text, January 2019

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