Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials
Abstract
Three new low melting compositions have been developed here based on the ingredients amino-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate, 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate and ammonium nitrate, to create the formulation AAD, in addition to mixtures comprising guanidinium 5-amino-tetrazolate and ammonium nitrate in either a 1 : 3 or 1 : 6 mole ratio (GAN13 and GAN16 respectively). The materials melt in the range of 95–100 °C and do not begin to decompose until >195 °C. The formulations are insensitive to impact, spark and friction and were calculated to show promising explosive performance properties (VD=8.78–9.0 km/s, PCJ=28.4–30.6 GPa). HMX mixtures of AAD, GAN13 and GAN16 were also prepared and these materials were characterized with respect to their safety and performance as well.
- Authors:
-
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOD
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1514955
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1402522
- Report Number(s):
- LA-UR-17-25863
Journal ID: ISSN 0721-3115
- Grant/Contract Number:
- 89233218CNA000001
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 43; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0721-3115
- Publisher:
- Wiley
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE; ionic liquid; energetic material; melt cast; tetrazole; ammonium nitrate
Citation Formats
Leonard, Philip W., Chavez, David E., Bowden, Patrick R., and Francois, Elizabeth G. Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1002/prep.201700183.
Leonard, Philip W., Chavez, David E., Bowden, Patrick R., & Francois, Elizabeth G. Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials. United States. doi:10.1002/prep.201700183.
Leonard, Philip W., Chavez, David E., Bowden, Patrick R., and Francois, Elizabeth G. Tue .
"Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials". United States. doi:10.1002/prep.201700183. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1514955.
@article{osti_1514955,
title = {Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials},
author = {Leonard, Philip W. and Chavez, David E. and Bowden, Patrick R. and Francois, Elizabeth G.},
abstractNote = {Three new low melting compositions have been developed here based on the ingredients amino-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate, 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate and ammonium nitrate, to create the formulation AAD, in addition to mixtures comprising guanidinium 5-amino-tetrazolate and ammonium nitrate in either a 1 : 3 or 1 : 6 mole ratio (GAN13 and GAN16 respectively). The materials melt in the range of 95–100 °C and do not begin to decompose until >195 °C. The formulations are insensitive to impact, spark and friction and were calculated to show promising explosive performance properties (VD=8.78–9.0 km/s, PCJ=28.4–30.6 GPa). HMX mixtures of AAD, GAN13 and GAN16 were also prepared and these materials were characterized with respect to their safety and performance as well.},
doi = {10.1002/prep.201700183},
journal = {Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics},
number = 1,
volume = 43,
place = {United States},
year = {2017},
month = {10}
}
Figures / Tables:

Works referenced in this record:
Energized nitro-substituted azoles through ether bridges
journal, January 2015
- Tang, Yongxing; He, Chunlin; Gao, Haixiang
- Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 3, Issue 30
Review on Melt Cast Explosives
journal, October 2011
- Ravi, Pasupala; Badgujar, Dilip M.; Gore, Girish M.
- Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, Vol. 36, Issue 5
Comparative study of melting points of 3,4-bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan (DNTF)/1,3,3-trinitroazetidine (TNAZ) eutectic compositions using molecular dynamic simulations
journal, January 2016
- Liu, Ning; Zeman, Svatopluk; Shu, Yuan-jie
- RSC Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 64
Melt-cast materials: combining the advantages of highly nitrated azoles and open-chain nitramines
journal, January 2016
- Klapötke, Thomas M.; Penger, Alexander; Pflüger, Carolin
- New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 40, Issue 7
Ecotoxicological assessment of a high energetic and insensitive munitions compound: 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN)
journal, November 2013
- Dodard, Sabine G.; Sarrazin, Manon; Hawari, Jalal
- Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 262
The nitration of 5-aminotetrazole
journal, August 1953
- Herbst, Robert M.; Garrison, James A.
- The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 18, Issue 8
Basicity and structure of 1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives
journal, January 1967
- Bagal, L. I.; Pevzner, M. S.; Lopyrev, V. A.
- Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Vol. 2, Issue 3
Synthesis and properties of 1,5-diaminotetrazole
journal, December 1984
- Gaponik, P. N.; Karavai, V. P.
- Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Vol. 20, Issue 12
Energetic, Low-Melting Salts of Simple Heterocycles
journal, August 2003
- Drake, Gregory; Hawkins, Tommy; Brand, Adam
- Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, Vol. 28, Issue 4
New Compounds. Salts of 5-Aminotetrazole
journal, December 1952
- Henry, Ronald
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 74, Issue 24
Development of a reaction mechanism for liquid-phase decomposition of guanidinium 5-amino tetrazolate
journal, April 2014
- Kumbhakarna, N.; Thynell, S. T.
- Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 582
Works referencing / citing this record:
Efficient synthesis of N -methyltetranitropyrrole: A stable, insensitive and high energy melt-castable material
journal, January 2019
- Thaltiri, Vikranth; Chavva, Kurumurthy; Kumar, B. Sathish
- New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 43, Issue 31
Figures / Tables found in this record: