Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials

doi:10.1002/prep.201700183

Title: Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials

Abstract

Three new low melting compositions have been developed here based on the ingredients amino-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate, 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate and ammonium nitrate, to create the formulation AAD, in addition to mixtures comprising guanidinium 5-amino-tetrazolate and ammonium nitrate in either a 1 : 3 or 1 : 6 mole ratio (GAN13 and GAN16 respectively). The materials melt in the range of 95–100 °C and do not begin to decompose until >195 °C. The formulations are insensitive to impact, spark and friction and were calculated to show promising explosive performance properties (V_D=8.78–9.0 km/s, P_CJ=28.4–30.6 GPa). HMX mixtures of AAD, GAN13 and GAN16 were also prepared and these materials were characterized with respect to their safety and performance as well.

Authors:

Leonard, Philip W. ^[1]; Chavez, David E. ^[1]; Bowden, Patrick R. ^[1]; Francois, Elizabeth G. ^[1]

Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Publication Date:: 2017-10-24

Research Org.:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOD

OSTI Identifier:: 1514955

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1402522

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-17-25863
Journal ID: ISSN 0721-3115

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 43; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0721-3115

Publisher:: Wiley

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE; ionic liquid; energetic material; melt cast; tetrazole; ammonium nitrate

Citation Formats


                    Leonard, Philip W., Chavez, David E., Bowden, Patrick R., and Francois, Elizabeth G. Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
        Web.  doi:10.1002/prep.201700183.

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                    Leonard, Philip W., Chavez, David E., Bowden, Patrick R., & Francois, Elizabeth G. Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials.  United States.  doi:10.1002/prep.201700183.

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                    Leonard, Philip W., Chavez, David E., Bowden, Patrick R., and Francois, Elizabeth G. Tue .  
        "Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials".  United States.  doi:10.1002/prep.201700183.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1514955.

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@article{osti_1514955,

  title        = {Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials},

  author       = {Leonard, Philip W. and Chavez, David E. and Bowden, Patrick R. and Francois, Elizabeth G.},

  abstractNote = {Three new low melting compositions have been developed here based on the ingredients amino-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate, 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate and ammonium nitrate, to create the formulation AAD, in addition to mixtures comprising guanidinium 5-amino-tetrazolate and ammonium nitrate in either a 1 : 3 or 1 : 6 mole ratio (GAN13 and GAN16 respectively). The materials melt in the range of 95–100 °C and do not begin to decompose until >195 °C. The formulations are insensitive to impact, spark and friction and were calculated to show promising explosive performance properties (VD=8.78–9.0 km/s, PCJ=28.4–30.6 GPa). HMX mixtures of AAD, GAN13 and GAN16 were also prepared and these materials were characterized with respect to their safety and performance as well.},

  doi          = {10.1002/prep.201700183},

  journal      = {Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 43,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2017},

  month        = {10}

}

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DOI: 10.1002/prep.201700183

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Figure 1: Ingredients used in this study

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Works referenced in this record:

Energized nitro-substituted azoles through ether bridges
journal, January 2015

Tang, Yongxing; He, Chunlin; Gao, Haixiang
Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 3, Issue 30
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Review on Melt Cast Explosives
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Ravi, Pasupala; Badgujar, Dilip M.; Gore, Girish M.
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, Vol. 36, Issue 5
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Comparative study of melting points of 3,4-bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan (DNTF)/1,3,3-trinitroazetidine (TNAZ) eutectic compositions using molecular dynamic simulations
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Liu, Ning; Zeman, Svatopluk; Shu, Yuan-jie
RSC Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 64
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Melt-cast materials: combining the advantages of highly nitrated azoles and open-chain nitramines
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Klapötke, Thomas M.; Penger, Alexander; Pflüger, Carolin
New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 40, Issue 7
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Ecotoxicological assessment of a high energetic and insensitive munitions compound: 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN)
journal, November 2013

Dodard, Sabine G.; Sarrazin, Manon; Hawari, Jalal
Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 262
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The nitration of 5-aminotetrazole
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Herbst, Robert M.; Garrison, James A.
The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 18, Issue 8
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Basicity and structure of 1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives
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Bagal, L. I.; Pevzner, M. S.; Lopyrev, V. A.
Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Vol. 2, Issue 3
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Synthesis and properties of 1,5-diaminotetrazole
journal, December 1984

Gaponik, P. N.; Karavai, V. P.
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Drake, Gregory; Hawkins, Tommy; Brand, Adam
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, Vol. 28, Issue 4
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New Compounds. Salts of 5-Aminotetrazole
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Henry, Ronald
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Development of a reaction mechanism for liquid-phase decomposition of guanidinium 5-amino tetrazolate
journal, April 2014

Kumbhakarna, N.; Thynell, S. T.
Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 582
DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2014.02.014

Works referencing / citing this record:

Efficient synthesis of N -methyltetranitropyrrole: A stable, insensitive and high energy melt-castable material
journal, January 2019

Thaltiri, Vikranth; Chavva, Kurumurthy; Kumar, B. Sathish
New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 43, Issue 31
DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01227c

Figures / Tables found in this record:

Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.

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Similar Records

Title: Nitrate Salt Based Melt Cast Materials

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Energized nitro-substituted azoles through ether bridges journal, January 2015

Review on Melt Cast Explosives journal, October 2011

Comparative study of melting points of 3,4-bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan (DNTF)/1,3,3-trinitroazetidine (TNAZ) eutectic compositions using molecular dynamic simulations journal, January 2016

Melt-cast materials: combining the advantages of highly nitrated azoles and open-chain nitramines journal, January 2016

Ecotoxicological assessment of a high energetic and insensitive munitions compound: 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) journal, November 2013

The nitration of 5-aminotetrazole journal, August 1953

Basicity and structure of 1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives journal, January 1967

Synthesis and properties of 1,5-diaminotetrazole journal, December 1984

Energetic, Low-Melting Salts of Simple Heterocycles journal, August 2003

New Compounds. Salts of 5-Aminotetrazole journal, December 1952

Development of a reaction mechanism for liquid-phase decomposition of guanidinium 5-amino tetrazolate journal, April 2014

Efficient synthesis of N -methyltetranitropyrrole: A stable, insensitive and high energy melt-castable material journal, January 2019

Energized nitro-substituted azoles through ether bridges
journal, January 2015

Review on Melt Cast Explosives
journal, October 2011

Comparative study of melting points of 3,4-bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan (DNTF)/1,3,3-trinitroazetidine (TNAZ) eutectic compositions using molecular dynamic simulations
journal, January 2016

Melt-cast materials: combining the advantages of highly nitrated azoles and open-chain nitramines
journal, January 2016

Ecotoxicological assessment of a high energetic and insensitive munitions compound: 2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN)
journal, November 2013

The nitration of 5-aminotetrazole
journal, August 1953

Basicity and structure of 1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives
journal, January 1967

Synthesis and properties of 1,5-diaminotetrazole
journal, December 1984

Energetic, Low-Melting Salts of Simple Heterocycles
journal, August 2003

New Compounds. Salts of 5-Aminotetrazole
journal, December 1952

Development of a reaction mechanism for liquid-phase decomposition of guanidinium 5-amino tetrazolate
journal, April 2014

Efficient synthesis of N -methyltetranitropyrrole: A stable, insensitive and high energy melt-castable material
journal, January 2019