DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Progress in understanding the four dominant intra-particle phenomena of lignocellulose pyrolysis: chemical reactions, heat transfer, mass transfer, and phase change

Journal Article · · Green Chemistry
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C9GC00585D · OSTI ID:1514727

Four principal intra-particle phenomena occur in a highly concerted manner during the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials: heat transfer, mass transfer, chemical reactions, and phase changes.

Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC36-08GO28308
OSTI ID:
1514727
Journal Information:
Green Chemistry, Journal Name: Green Chemistry Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 21; ISSN GRCHFJ; ISSN 1463-9262
Publisher:
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United Kingdom
Language:
English

References (254)

An Integral Model for the Transient Pyrolysis of Solid Materials journal January 1997
Application of the distributed activation energy model to biomass and biomass constituents devolatilization journal October 2009
Heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions of pyrolysis vapors from pine wood journal November 2011
Effects of intraparticle heat and mass transfer during devolatilization of a single coal particle journal October 1985
Product yields and kinetics from the vapor phase cracking of wood pyrolysis tars journal January 1989
An experimental and modeling study of softening coal pyrolysis journal May 1989
Modeling intra- and extra-particle processes of wood fast pyrolysis journal October 2002
Molecular weight decrease in the early pyrolysis of crystalline and amorphous cellulose journal December 1973
A kinetic model for pyrolysis of cellulose journal June 1979
Fast pyrolysis technology development journal March 2010
A model for primary and heterogeneous secondary reactions of wood pyrolysis journal June 1996
A mathematical model for pyrolysis of a solid particle: Effects of the lewis number journal February 1977
Kinetics of reactions involved in pyrolysis of cellulose I. The three reaction model journal June 1988
Kinetic modelling of the pyrolysis of biomass and biomass components journal February 1989
Product Distribution from the Fast Pyrolysis of Hemicellulose journal May 2011
The Origin of Molecular Mobility During Biomass Pyrolysis as Revealed by In situ 1H NMR Spectroscopy journal May 2012
Heat and Mass Transfer Effects in a Furnace-Based Micropyrolyzer journal August 2016
A Critical Review on Hemicellulose Pyrolysis journal August 2016
Bio-oil production from rapid pyrolysis of cottonseed cake: product yields and compositions journal June 2006
Pyrolytic Reactions of Carbohydrates. Part V. Isothermal Decomposition of Cellulose in Vacuo journal January 1969
The pyrolysis of biomass: A general review journal December 1982
Effects of side-chain hydroxyl groups on pyrolytic β-ether cleavage of phenolic lignin model dimer journal June 2007
Effect of operating parameters on methanation reaction for the production of synthetic natural gas journal May 2013
Techno-Economic Analysis of Fast Pyrolysis as a Process Step Within Biomass-to-Liquid Fuel Production journal August 2010
Cellulose char structure: a combined analytical Py-GC-MS, FTIR, and NMR study journal September 1994
Heat transfer and kinetics in the low temperature pyrolysis of solids journal January 1984
A model for pyrolysis of wet wood journal January 1989
Transport phenomena in multi-particle systems—IV. Heat transfer to a large freely moving particle in gas fluidized bed of smaller particles journal January 1991
Heat transfer mechanisms and multi-step kinetics in the ablative pyrolysis of cellulose journal May 1996
Mathematical model of wood pyrolysis including internal forced convection journal January 1977
Pyrolysis of white pine journal November 1984
Simultaneous drying and pyrolysis of solid fuel particles journal August 1996
Mathematical modelling of biomass pyrolysis phenomena journal November 1985
Modelling and experimental verification of physical and chemical processes during pyrolysis of a large biomass particle journal November 1985
Fast pyrolysis of wood: direct measurement and study of ablation rate journal November 1985
A gas-solid reaction model for flash wood pyrolysis journal November 1989
Secondary reactions of flash pyrolysis tars measured in a fluidized bed pyrolysis reactor with some novel design features journal March 1989
Influence of mineral matter on biomass pyrolysis characteristics journal December 1995
Internal mass transfer considerations during the pyrolysis of an isolated spherical softening coal particle journal October 1989
Reaction kinetics in thermal analysis. Part 1. The sensitivity of kinetic equations to experimental errors. A mathematical analysis journal August 1982
Reaction kinetics in thermal analysis: a brief survey of fundamental research problems journal February 1987
Isolation of lignin book January 1988
On the presence of anhydro-oligosaccharides in the sirups from the fast pyrolysis of cellulose journal June 1987
Fusion-like behaviour of wood pyrolysis journal May 1987
First chemical events in pyrolysis of wood journal April 1988
Evidence for oligomers in pyrolysates of microcrystalline cellulose journal March 1989
Influence of metal ions and of salts on products from pyrolysis of wood: Applications to thermochemical processing of newsprint and biomass journal September 1991
Influence of linkage position and orientation in pyrolysis of polysaccharides: A study of several glucans journal March 1992
Influence of inorganic species on the formation of polysaccharide and lignin degradation products in the analytical pyrolysis of pulps journal October 1995
Coal pyrolysis: Experiments, kinetic rates and mechanisms journal January 1992
A unified, global model for the pyrolysis of cellulose journal January 1994
The kinetics of vapour-phase cellulose fast pyrolysis reactions journal January 1994
Reaction temperature of solid particles undergoing an endothermal volatilization. Application to the fast pyrolysis of biomass journal January 1994
Modelling the fast pyrolysis of cellulosic particles in fluid-bed reactors journal December 2000
Flash pyrolysis of cellulose pellets submitted to a concentrated radiation: experiments and modelling journal January 2002
Approximations to the distributed activation energy model for the pyrolysis of coal journal April 2003
A mathematical model of wood pyrolysis journal April 1972
Thermal decomposition kinetics of wood pyrolysis journal February 1972
Overview of water evolution during the thermal degradation of cellulose journal May 2001
Kinetic analysis of the gas-phase pyrolysis of carbohydrates journal October 2001
Mechanisms and kinetics of homogeneous secondary reactions of tar from continuous pyrolysis of wood chips journal May 2002
Pyrolysis kinetics of lignocellulosic materials—three independent reactions model journal February 1999
Pyrolysis of Turkish Zonguldak bituminous coal. Part 1. Effect of mineral matter journal August 2000
Radionuclide re-entrainment at bubbling water pool surfaces journal September 2000
Predicting the rapid devolatilization of diverse forms of biomass with bio-flashchain journal January 2000
Flash pyrolysis of cellulose for production of anhydro-oligomers journal November 2000
Pretreatment of poplar wood for fast pyrolysis: rate of cation removal journal February 2001
Cellulose pyrolysis: the kinetics of hydroxyacetaldehyde evolution journal February 2001
Pyrolysis behavior and kinetics of biomass derived materials journal February 2002
Low temperature mechanism for the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the pyrolysis of cellulose journal January 2003
Modeling the evolution of volatile species during tobacco pyrolysis journal January 2003
Distribution of activation energy model applied to the rapid pyrolysis of coal blends journal June 2004
Kinetic modeling of biomass pyrolysis journal June 1997
Comparison of semi-global mechanisms for primary pyrolysis of lignocellulosic fuels journal September 1998
Radiant flash pyrolysis of cellulose—Evidence for the formation of short life time intermediate liquid species journal September 1998
A second look at fast pyrolysis of biomass—the RTI process journal July 1999
Pyrolysis rates of biomass materials journal November 1998
Mineral matter effects in rapid pyrolysis of beech wood journal March 1997
Fixed-bed pyrolysis of safflower seed: influence of pyrolysis parameters on product yields and compositions journal May 2002
Thermal conductivity of wood—models for different stages of combustion journal July 2002
Flash pyrolysis of biomass particles in fluidized bed for bio-oil production journal April 2005
Mechanism of Formation and Consequent Evolution of Active Cellulose during Cellulose Pyrolysis journal November 2008
Influence of extractives on mechanism of biomass pyrolysis journal February 2010
Current technologies for analysis of biomass thermochemical processing: A review journal October 2009
Current research on thermochemical conversion of biomass at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory journal April 2012
Modelling of tar formation and evolution for biomass gasification: A review journal November 2013
Combustion kinetics of wet-torrefied forest residues using the distributed activation energy model (DAEM) journal January 2017
Experimental study of nucleate pool boiling heat transfer of water on silicon oxide nanoparticle coated copper heating surface journal March 2016
Modelling solid-convective flash pyrolysis of straw and wood in the Pyrolysis Centrifuge Reactor journal June 2009
Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading journal March 2012
Plate reactor as an analysis tool for rapid pyrolysis of biomass journal July 2011
Slow and fast pyrolysis of Douglas-fir lignin: Importance of liquid-intermediate formation on the distribution of products journal July 2014
Effect of temperature on the fast pyrolysis of organic-acid leached pinewood; the potential of low temperature pyrolysis journal June 2016
Evaluation of alternatives for the evolution of palm oil mills into biorefineries journal December 2016
Chemical and morphological evaluation of chars produced from primary biomass constituents: Cellulose, xylan, and lignin journal September 2017
New distributed activation energy model: Numerical solution and application to pyrolysis kinetics of some types of biomass journal May 2008
Influence of inorganic salts on the primary pyrolysis products of cellulose journal June 2010
Thermal degradation mechanisms of wood under inert and oxidative environments using DAEM methods journal January 2011
Logistic distributed activation energy model – Part 2: Application to cellulose pyrolysis journal February 2011
A critical study of the Miura–Maki integral method for the estimation of the kinetic parameters of the distributed activation energy model journal February 2011
Distinguishing primary and secondary reactions of cellulose pyrolysis journal April 2011
Modeling of the devolatilization kinetics during pyrolysis of grape residues journal January 2012
Transient behavior of devolatilization and char reaction during steam gasification of biomass journal April 2013
Effect of pyrolysis temperature on aromatic cluster size of cellulose char by quantitative multi cross-polarization 13C NMR with long range dipolar dephasing journal May 2017
Interactions of structurally different hemicelluloses with nanofibrillar cellulose journal August 2011
A coarse-grain force-field for xylan and its interaction with cellulose journal August 2015
Fast pyrolysis in a novel wire-mesh reactor: Design and initial results journal May 2012
Fast pyrolysis in a novel wire-mesh reactor: Decomposition of pine wood and model compounds journal April 2012
A computational framework for the pyrolysis of anisotropic biomass particles journal August 2017
Major trends and roadblocks in CFD-aided process intensification of biomass pyrolysis journal May 2018
An algorithm for determining the kinetics of devolatilisation of complex solid fuels from thermogravimetric experiments journal April 2006
Modelling intra-particle phenomena of biomass pyrolysis journal October 2011
Influence of mineral matter on pyrolysis of palm oil wastes journal September 2006
Experimental and theoretical investigation of heat and mass transfer processes during wood pyrolysis journal March 2010
A phenomenological model of the mechanisms of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis processes journal January 2014
Recent developments in fast pyrolysis of ligno-cellulosic materials journal June 2013
Kinetic scheme of biomass pyrolysis considering secondary charring reactions journal November 2014
Optimum conditions for maximising pyrolysis liquids of oil palm empty fruit bunches journal May 2011
Study of the micro-explosion temperature of water in oil emulsion droplets during the Leidenfrost effect journal November 2012
Pool boiling and flow boiling on micro- and nanostructured surfaces journal May 2015
Addressing the challenges of climate change and biofuel production for food and nutrition security journal August 2010
A model for the evaporation of biomass pyrolysis oil droplets journal March 2006
Kinetic analyses of biomass pyrolysis using the distributed activation energy model journal March 2008
Is it possible to predict gas yields of any biomass after rapid pyrolysis at high temperature from its composition in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin? journal March 2009
Effects of particle size on the fast pyrolysis of oil mallee woody biomass journal October 2009
Tar destruction and coke formation during rapid pyrolysis and gasification of biomass in a drop-tube furnace journal February 2010
Techno-economic comparison of biomass-to-transportation fuels via pyrolysis, gasification, and biochemical pathways journal November 2010
Effect of particle size on the composition of lignin derived oligomers obtained by fast pyrolysis of beech wood journal June 2014
Understanding the primary and secondary slow pyrolysis mechanisms of holocellulose, lignin and wood with laser-induced fluorescence journal August 2015
Processing of TGA data: Analysis of isoconversional and model fitting methods journal February 2016
Puffing and micro-explosion of diesel–biodiesel–ethanol blends journal February 2016
Time and temperature depended fuel gas generation from pyrolysis of real world municipal plastic waste journal June 2016
Modelling heat of reaction in biomass pyrolysis with detailed reaction schemes journal October 2017
Influence of pyrolysis temperature and heating rate on the production of bio-oil and char from safflower seed by pyrolysis, using a well-swept fixed-bed reactor journal May 2007
Mechanism and modelling of bamboo pyrolysis journal February 2013
Effect of different isolation methods on structure and properties of lignin from valonea of Quercus variabilis journal April 2016
Modelling the pyrolysis of wet wood – I. Three-dimensional formulation and analysis journal October 2007
Hydrogen synthesis from biomass pyrolysis with in situ carbon dioxide capture using calcium oxide journal April 2011
Pyrolysis behaviors of wood and its constituent polymers at gasification temperature journal March 2007
Cellulose–hemicellulose and cellulose–lignin interactions in wood pyrolysis at gasification temperature journal August 2007
Different pyrolytic pathways of levoglucosan in vapor- and liquid/solid-phases journal September 2008
The facts and hypotheses relating to the phenomenological model of cellulose pyrolysis journal January 2009
Comparison of gasification and pyrolysis of thermal pre-treated wood board waste journal May 2009
Study on the pyrolytic behaviour of xylan-based hemicellulose using TG–FTIR and Py–GC–FTIR journal March 2010
FTIR study of pyrolysis products evolving from typical agricultural residues journal July 2010
Biomass pyrolysis kinetics: A comparative critical review with relevant agricultural residue case studies journal May 2011
Influence of the interaction of components on the pyrolysis behavior of biomass journal May 2011
Gas- and solid/liquid-phase reactions during pyrolysis of softwood and hardwood lignins journal November 2011
Cellulose pyrolysis kinetics: An historical review on the existence and role of intermediate active cellulose journal March 2012
Influence of impregnated metal on the pyrolysis conversion of biomass constituents journal May 2012
A comparative study on the pyrolysis of metal- and ash-enriched wood and the combustion properties of the gained char journal July 2012
An experimental study of the competing processes of evaporation and polymerization of levoglucosan in cellulose pyrolysis journal January 2013
Effect of cellulose crystallinity on the formation of a liquid intermediate and on product distribution during pyrolysis journal March 2013
High-speed imaging of biomass particles heated with a laser journal September 2013
Quantitative and kinetic TG-FTIR investigation on three kinds of biomass pyrolysis journal November 2013
Modeling the physiochemistry of levoglucosan during cellulose pyrolysis journal January 2014
Comparison of the pyrolysis behavior of pyrolytic lignin and milled wood lignin by using TG–FTIR analysis journal July 2014
Boiling point of levoglucosan and devolatilization temperatures in cellulose pyrolysis measured at different heating area temperatures journal September 2014
Py-GC/MS studies and principal component analysis to evaluate the impact of feedstock and temperature on the distribution of products during fast pyrolysis journal September 2014
Bio-oil production from Colombian bagasse by fast pyrolysis in a fluidized bed: An experimental study journal March 2015
Temperature and heating rate of solid particles undergoing a thermal decomposition. Which criteria for characterizing fast pyrolysis? journal May 2015
Cellulose-Lignin interactions during slow and fast pyrolysis journal July 2015
Phenols and aromatics from fast pyrolysis of variously prepared lignins from hard- and softwoods journal September 2015
Coupling DAEM and CFD for simulating biomass fast pyrolysis in fluidized beds journal January 2016
Micro-explosion of liquid intermediates during the fast pyrolysis of sucrose and organosolv lignin journal November 2016
Effect of temperature and heating rate on product distribution from the pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse in a hot plate reactor journal January 2017
Identification of the fractions responsible for morphology conservation in lignocellulosic pyrolysis: Visualization studies of sugarcane bagasse and its pseudo-components journal January 2017
Single particle model for biomass pyrolysis with bubble formation dynamics inside the liquid intermediate and its contribution to aerosol formation by thermal ejection journal March 2017
Methodology for estimation of thermal ejection droplet size distribution and intensity during the pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse and model compounds journal May 2017
Online experiments and modelling with a detailed reaction scheme of single particle biomass pyrolysis journal September 2017
Convection and radiation combined surface heat transfer coefficient in baking ovens journal October 2009
Mathematical modelling of slow pyrolysis of a particle of treated wood waste journal October 2009
Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis mechanism: A state-of-the-art review journal September 2017
Modeling droplet breakup processes under micro-explosion conditions journal January 2007
Pyrolytic oil from fixed bed pyrolysis of municipal solid waste and its characterization journal March 2005
A review on operating parameters for optimum liquid oil yield in biomass pyrolysis journal September 2012
State-of-the-art of fast pyrolysis in IEA bioenergy member countries journal April 2013
Does energy consumption contribute to climate change? Evidence from major regions of the world journal August 2014
A review on pyrolysis of biomass constituents: Mechanisms and composition of the products obtained from the conversion of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin journal October 2014
Biomass pyrolysis—A review of modelling, process parameters and catalytic studies journal October 2015
Pyrolysis characteristics of bean dregs and in situ visualization of pyrolysis transformation journal December 2012
The combustion of wood. Part I journal June 1946
Wood-Derived Materials for Green Electronics, Biological Devices, and Energy Applications journal July 2016
Role of Pretreatments in the Thermal Runaway of Hazelnut Shell Pyrolysis journal March 2015
Extractives Extend the Applicability of Multistep Kinetic Scheme of Biomass Pyrolysis journal September 2015
Low-Order Modeling of Internal Heat Transfer in Biomass Particle Pyrolysis journal May 2016
Experimental Study on Charcoal Production from Woody Biomass journal September 2016
X-ray Computed Tomography Visualization of the Woody Char Intraparticle Pore Structure and Its Role on Anisotropic Evolution during Char Gasification journal January 2018
Coupled Structural and Kinetic Model of Lignin Fast Pyrolysis journal January 2018
Integrated Particle- and Reactor-Scale Simulation of Pine Pyrolysis in a Fluidized Bed journal September 2018
Modified Pyroprobe Captive Sample Reactor: Characterization of Reactor and Cellulose Pyrolysis at Vacuum and Atmospheric Pressures journal April 2017
Effect of a Vacuum on the Fast Pyrolysis of Cellulose: Nature of Secondary Reactions in a Liquid Intermediate journal April 2017
Effect of Pressure on Pyrolysis of Milled Wood Lignin and Acid-Washed Hybrid Poplar Wood journal August 2017
Estimation of Heat Transfer Coefficients for Biomass Particles by Direct Numerical Simulation Using Microstructured Particle Models in the Laminar Regime journal November 2016
Overview of Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Reactor-Scale Biomass Pyrolysis journal March 2017
Four Years of ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering : Reflections and New Developments journal December 2016
Five Rules for Measuring Biomass Pyrolysis Rates: Pulse-Heated Analysis of Solid Reaction Kinetics of Lignocellulosic Biomass journal November 2017
Heterogeneous cracking of wood pyrolysis tars over fresh wood char surfaces journal November 1989
Is the Broido-Shafizadeh Model for Cellulose Pyrolysis True? journal November 1994
Evaluation of Vapor-Phase Reactivity of Primary Tar Produced by Flash Pyrolysis of Coal journal March 1995
Effects of Intraparticle Heat and Mass Transfer on Biomass Devolatilization:  Experimental Results and Model Predictions journal July 2004
In-Depth Investigation of Biomass Pyrolysis Based on Three Major Components:  Hemicellulose, Cellulose and Lignin journal January 2006
Comprehensive Kinetic Modeling Study of Bio-oil Formation from Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass journal October 2010
Influence of Pyrolysis Operating Conditions on Bio-Oil Components: A Microscale Study in a Pyroprobe journal March 2011
Fractional Condensation of Biomass Pyrolysis Vapors journal April 2011
Effect of Particle Geometry and Microstructure on Fast Pyrolysis of Beech Wood journal March 2012
In Situ Analysis of Biomass Pyrolysis by High Temperature Rheology in Relations with 1 H NMR journal October 2012
Differences in Water-Soluble Intermediates from Slow Pyrolysis of Amorphous and Crystalline Cellulose journal February 2013
Secondary Vapor Phase Reactions of Lignin-Derived Oligomers Obtained by Fast Pyrolysis of Pine Wood journal March 2013
The Role of Sample Dimension and Temperature in Cellulose Pyrolysis journal March 2013
Thermal Runaway in the Pyrolysis of Some Lignocellulosic Biomasses journal March 2014
Formation of Anhydro-sugars in the Primary Volatiles and Solid Residues from Cellulose Fast Pyrolysis in a Wire-Mesh Reactor journal July 2014
Biomass Particle Models with Realistic Morphology and Resolved Microstructure for Simulations of Intraparticle Transport Phenomena journal December 2014
Effects of Temperature on the Formation of Lignin-Derived Oligomers during the Fast Pyrolysis of Mallee Woody Biomass journal May 2008
Modeling of Lignin Thermolysis journal July 2008
Chemical Kinetics of Biomass Pyrolysis journal November 2008
Real-Time and Post-reaction Microscopic Structural Analysis of Biomass Undergoing Pyrolysis journal July 2009
Analysis of Cross-Linking Behavior during Pyrolysis of Cellulose for Elucidating Reaction Pathway journal December 2009
High-Yield Biomass Charcoal journal January 1996
A Simple Method for Estimating f (E) and k 0 ( E ) in the Distributed Activation Energy Model journal September 1998
Cellulose Pyrolysis Kinetics: The Current State of Knowledge journal March 1995
Cellulose Thermal Decomposition Kinetics: Global Mass Loss Kinetics journal April 1995
The role of temperature in the fast pyrolysis of cellulose and wood journal January 1988
Kinetics of the pyrolysis of almond shells and almond shells impregnated with cobalt dichloride in a fluidized bed reactor and in a pyroprobe 100 journal September 1990
Biomass Pyrolysis in a Fluidized Bed Reactor. Part 1:  Literature Review and Model Simulations journal November 2005
Biomass Pyrolysis in a Fluidized Bed Reactor. Part 2:  Experimental Validation of Model Results journal November 2005
Multistep Mechanism for the Devolatilization of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oils journal August 2006
Effect of Cellulose Crystallinity on Solid/Liquid Phase Reactions Responsible for the Formation of Carbonaceous Residues during Pyrolysis journal February 2014
Thermal Lag, Fusion, and the Compensation Effect during Biomass Pyrolysis journal January 1996
Thermal Effects in Cellulose Pyrolysis:  Relationship to Char Formation Processes journal January 1996
Ab Initio Dynamics of Cellulose Pyrolysis: Nascent Decomposition Pathways at 327 and 600 °C journal August 2012
Vapor Pressures and Enthalpies of Sublimation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Derivatives journal May 1998
Vapor Pressures and Enthalpies of Sublimation of d -Glucose, d -Xylose, Cellobiose, and Levoglucosan journal January 1999
Kinetics and Mechanism of Cellulose Pyrolysis journal October 2009
Revealing pyrolysis chemistry for biofuels production: Conversion of cellulose to furans and small oxygenates journal January 2012
The interplay between chemistry and heat/mass transfer during the fast pyrolysis of cellulose journal January 2016
PAH formation in acetylene–benzene pyrolysis journal January 1999
Reactive boiling of cellulose for integrated catalysis through an intermediate liquid journal January 2009
Aerosol generation by reactive boiling ejection of molten cellulose journal January 2011
Bimetallic catalysts for upgrading of biomass to fuels and chemicals journal January 2012
Top ten fundamental challenges of biomass pyrolysis for biofuels journal January 2012
A mechanistic model of fast pyrolysis of glucose-based carbohydrates to predict bio-oil composition journal January 2012
The chain length effect in pyrolysis: bridging the gap between glucose and cellulose journal January 2012
Solar flash pyrolysis of biomass direct measurement of the optical properties of biomass components journal March 1999
Chemical Effects of Heat on Cellulose journal August 1975
On the Combustion of Wood II: The Influence of Internal Convection on the Transient Pyrolysis of Cellulose journal August 1970
Influence of Particle Sizes and Environmental Conditions on High Temperature Pyrolysis of Cellulosic Material—I (Theoretical) journal August 1973
Radiation Heat Transfer in Fluidized Beds: A Comparison of Exact and Simplified Approaches journal August 1994
An Indication of Molten Cellulose Produced in a Laser Beam journal February 1974
Effect of Biomass Size and Aspect Ratio on Intra-Particle Tar Decomposition during Wood Cylinder Pyrolysis journal January 2012
Optical and Mass Spectrometric Study of the Pyrolysis Gas of Wood Particles journal February 2003
Biomass Pyrolysis: Comments on Some Sources of Confusions in the Definitions of Temperatures and Heating Rates journal April 2010
Biomass pyrolysis for chemicals journal March 2011
Influence of Biomass Pyrolysis Temperature, Heating Rate and Type of Biomass on Produced Char in a Fluidized Bed Reactor journal April 2014

Similar Records

Related Subjects