Island Formation Resulting From Radially Symmetric Flow Expansion

Shaw, John B.; Miller, Kimberly; McElroy, Brandon

doi:10.1002/2017jf004464

Title: Island Formation Resulting From Radially Symmetric Flow Expansion

Journal Article · 07 February 2018 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jf004464 · OSTI ID:1512957

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Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR (United States); none
Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (United States); Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (United States)

Island formation and distributary channel branching are important processes in prograding river deltas. In this study, we develop and test a new theory predicting the distance to islands and channel bifurcations based on fluid mass conservation and radially symmetric transport conditions. We analyze channelization and island formation using nine new and five existing delta experiments as well as four field deltas. The new experiments were designed to produce islands from initial deposition of a mouth bar. Before island formation, each bar evolved into a radially symmetric deposit with unchannelized flow over its top previously described as a topographic flow expansion. This morphology was stable to topographic perturbations, and its distal limit prograded basinward while maintaining a characteristic flow depth. Island formation and channel branching occurred on top of this deposit. We hypothesize that this distance (Ψ) is set by the location where boundary shear stress applied by expanding, radially averaged flow falls below the threshold of sediment motion. The model predicts that the distance to the first island scales with water discharge, scales inversely with flow depth, and scales with the inverse square root of median grain diameter. Finally, from experiment to field scales, distances to island locations are predicted within a factor of two.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0016163

OSTI ID:: 1512957

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 123; ISSN 2169-9003

Publisher:: American Geophysical UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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58 GEOSCIENCES
coast
delta
flow expansion
island
jet
mouth bar

Title: Island Formation Resulting From Radially Symmetric Flow Expansion

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References (50)

Cited By (4)

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