Cellulose hydrolysis by Clostridium thermocellum is agnostic to substrate structural properties in contrast to fungal cellulases
Abstract
The native recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass hinders its effective deconstruction for biological conversion to fuel ethanol. However, once cellulose is physically available to enzymes/microbes, i.e., macro-accessible, cellulose micro-accessibility, i.e., the accessibility as influenced by cellulose properties, further affects cellulose conversion. Here, we performed a comparative study of the effect of cellulose micro-accessibility on cellulose conversion by two biological approaches of potential commercial interest: consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) using Clostridium thermocellum and cell-free saccharification mediated by fungal enzymes. Commercially available cellulosic substrates, Avicel® PH-101, Sigmacell Cellulose Type 50, cotton linters, Whatman™ 1 milled filter paper, and α-cellulose were employed to constitute different cellulose micro-accessibilities. Physiochemical characterization was performed on these substrates to determine key morphological and chemical differences. Biological conversion of these substrates showed that C. was unaffected overall by cellulose structural properties, i.e., micro-accessibility, and achieved similar solids solubilization and metabolite production from these structurally different materials. However, fungal enzymes digested these substrates to different extents. Specifically, glucan conversion of these substrates diminished in the following order: milled filter paper > Avicel > Sigmacell and α-cellulose > cotton linters. Here, we propose that C. thermocellum digestion of lignocellulosic biomass is primarily controlled by the physical availability of cellulose in the lignocellulosicmore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[4];
[5];
[6];
[8];
[9];
[10]
- Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States). Bourns College of Engineering, Dept. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). BioEnergy Science Center (BESC)
- Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), and Biosciences Division
- Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States). Bourns College of Engineering, Dept. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). UT-ORNL Joint Inst. for Biological Sciences; Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). BioEnergy Science Center (BESC)
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States). Biosciences Center
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). UT-ORNL Joint Inst. for Biological Sciences; Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). BioEnergy Science Center (BESC); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI)
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States). Biosciences Center; Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). BioEnergy Science Center (BESC); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI)
- Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI),; Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States). Inst. of Agriculture, Dept. of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon; Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Biosciences Division; Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Joint Inst. of Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division
- Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States). Bourns College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). BioEnergy Science Center (BESC); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI)
- Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States). Bourns College of Engineering, Dept. of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). BioEnergy Science Center (BESC); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1525764
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1511773; OSTI ID: 1511910
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/JA-2700-74123
Journal ID: ISSN 1463-9262; GRCHFJ
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC36-08GO28308; PS02-06ER64304; AC05- 00OR22725.; AC05-00OR22725
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Green Chemistry
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 21; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 1463-9262
- Publisher:
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 09 BIOMASS FUELS; 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; lignocellulosic biomass; cellulose conversion; consolidated bioprocessing; saccharification; fungal enzymes
Citation Formats
Kothari, Ninad, Bhagia, Samarthya, Zaher, Maher, Pu, Yunqiao, Mittal, Ashutosh, Yoo, Chang Geun, Himmel, Michael E., Ragauskas, Arthur J., Kumar, Rajeev, and Wyman, Charles E. Cellulose hydrolysis by Clostridium thermocellum is agnostic to substrate structural properties in contrast to fungal cellulases. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1039/C9GC00262F.
Kothari, Ninad, Bhagia, Samarthya, Zaher, Maher, Pu, Yunqiao, Mittal, Ashutosh, Yoo, Chang Geun, Himmel, Michael E., Ragauskas, Arthur J., Kumar, Rajeev, & Wyman, Charles E. Cellulose hydrolysis by Clostridium thermocellum is agnostic to substrate structural properties in contrast to fungal cellulases. United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9GC00262F
Kothari, Ninad, Bhagia, Samarthya, Zaher, Maher, Pu, Yunqiao, Mittal, Ashutosh, Yoo, Chang Geun, Himmel, Michael E., Ragauskas, Arthur J., Kumar, Rajeev, and Wyman, Charles E. Wed .
"Cellulose hydrolysis by Clostridium thermocellum is agnostic to substrate structural properties in contrast to fungal cellulases". United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9GC00262F. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1525764.
@article{osti_1525764,
title = {Cellulose hydrolysis by Clostridium thermocellum is agnostic to substrate structural properties in contrast to fungal cellulases},
author = {Kothari, Ninad and Bhagia, Samarthya and Zaher, Maher and Pu, Yunqiao and Mittal, Ashutosh and Yoo, Chang Geun and Himmel, Michael E. and Ragauskas, Arthur J. and Kumar, Rajeev and Wyman, Charles E.},
abstractNote = {The native recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass hinders its effective deconstruction for biological conversion to fuel ethanol. However, once cellulose is physically available to enzymes/microbes, i.e., macro-accessible, cellulose micro-accessibility, i.e., the accessibility as influenced by cellulose properties, further affects cellulose conversion. Here, we performed a comparative study of the effect of cellulose micro-accessibility on cellulose conversion by two biological approaches of potential commercial interest: consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) using Clostridium thermocellum and cell-free saccharification mediated by fungal enzymes. Commercially available cellulosic substrates, Avicel® PH-101, Sigmacell Cellulose Type 50, cotton linters, Whatman™ 1 milled filter paper, and α-cellulose were employed to constitute different cellulose micro-accessibilities. Physiochemical characterization was performed on these substrates to determine key morphological and chemical differences. Biological conversion of these substrates showed that C. was unaffected overall by cellulose structural properties, i.e., micro-accessibility, and achieved similar solids solubilization and metabolite production from these structurally different materials. However, fungal enzymes digested these substrates to different extents. Specifically, glucan conversion of these substrates diminished in the following order: milled filter paper > Avicel > Sigmacell and α-cellulose > cotton linters. Here, we propose that C. thermocellum digestion of lignocellulosic biomass is primarily controlled by the physical availability of cellulose in the lignocellulosic matrix and largely unaffected by cellulose properties once cellulose is made macro-accessible. Finally, in contrast, fungal enzymes require cellulose to be physically accessible, i.e., macro-accessible, as well as have properties amenable to digestion, i.e., micro-accessible.},
doi = {10.1039/C9GC00262F},
journal = {Green Chemistry},
number = 10,
volume = 21,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Wed May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 11 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Substrate and Enzyme Characteristics that Limit Cellulose Hydrolysis
journal, October 1999
- Mansfield, S. D.; Mooney, C.; Saddler, J. N.
- Biotechnology Progress, Vol. 15, Issue 5
Yield-determining factors in high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose
journal, January 2009
- Kristensen, Jan B.; Felby, Claus; Jørgensen, Henning
- Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Structure and properties of high quality natural cellulose fibers from cornstalks
journal, July 2005
- Reddy, Narendra; Yang, Yiqi
- Polymer, Vol. 46, Issue 15
Thermal decomposition of wood: Influence of wood components and cellulose crystallite size
journal, April 2012
- Poletto, Matheus; Zattera, Ademir J.; Forte, Maria M. C.
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 109
The characterization of pretreated lignocellulosic substrates prior to enzymatic hydrolysis, part 1: A modified Simons' staining technique
journal, September 2008
- Chandra, Richard; Ewanick, Shannon; Hsieh, Carmen
- Biotechnology Progress, Vol. 24, Issue 5
Fungal cellulases and complexed cellulosomal enzymes exhibit synergistic mechanisms in cellulose deconstruction
journal, January 2013
- Resch, Michael G.; Donohoe, Bryon S.; Baker, John O.
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 6, Issue 6
Continuous microwave drying of the seeds of the invasive Chinese tallow tree
journal, March 2015
- Fennell, Laura Picou; Bourgeois, Brianna Leilani; Boldor, Dorin
- Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, Vol. 9, Issue 3
Xylan biosynthesis
journal, April 2014
- Rennie, Emilie A.; Scheller, Henrik Vibe
- Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Vol. 26
Comparative characterization of all cellulosomal cellulases from Clostridium thermocellum reveals high diversity in endoglucanase product formation essential for complex activity
journal, October 2017
- Leis, Benedikt; Held, Claudia; Bergkemper, Fabian
- Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 10, Issue 1
The origin and evolution of lignin biosynthesis: Tansley review
journal, June 2010
- Weng, Jing-Ke; Chapple, Clint
- New Phytologist, Vol. 187, Issue 2
Analyzing cellulose degree of polymerization and its relevancy to cellulosic ethanol
journal, January 2011
- Hallac, Bassem B.; Ragauskas, Arthur J.
- Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, Vol. 5, Issue 2
Biomass augmentation through thermochemical pretreatments greatly enhances digestion of switchgrass by Clostridium thermocellum
journal, August 2018
- Kothari, Ninad; Holwerda, Evert K.; Cai, Charles M.
- Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 11, Issue 1
Enhancement in enzymatic hydrolysis by mechanical refining for pretreated hardwood lignocellulosics
journal, November 2013
- Jones, Brandon W.; Venditti, Richard; Park, Sunkyu
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 147
Comparison of lab, pilot, and industrial scale low consistency mechanical refining for improvements in enzymatic digestibility of pretreated hardwood
journal, September 2014
- Jones, Brandon W.; Venditti, Richard; Park, Sunkyu
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 167
Mechanism of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose: Effects of major structural features of cellulose on enzymatic hydrolysis
journal, January 1980
- Fan, L. T.; Lee, Yong-Hyun; Beardmore, David H.
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 22, Issue 1
Use of the Simons' Staining Technique to Assess Cellulose Accessibility in Pretreated Substrates
journal, August 2012
- Chandra, Richard P.; Saddler, Jack N.
- Industrial Biotechnology, Vol. 8, Issue 4
Study on crystal structures of enzyme-hydrolyzed cellulosic materials by X-ray diffraction
journal, February 2005
- Cao, Yu; Tan, Huimin
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology, Vol. 36, Issue 2-3
Access to cellulose limits the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis: the role of amorphogenesis
journal, January 2010
- Arantes, Valdeir; Saddler, Jack N.
- Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Pentose sugars inhibit metabolism and increase expression of an AgrD-type cyclic pentapeptide in Clostridium thermocellum
journal, February 2017
- Verbeke, Tobin J.; Giannone, Richard J.; Klingeman, Dawn M.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Correlation between X-ray diffraction measurements of cellulose crystalline structure and the susceptibility to microbial cellulase
journal, June 1979
- Sasaki, Takashi; Tanaka, Takashi; Nanbu, Noriko
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 21, Issue 6
The challenge of enzyme cost in the production of lignocellulosic biofuels
journal, November 2011
- Klein-Marcuschamer, Daniel; Oleskowicz-Popiel, Piotr; Simmons, Blake A.
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 109, Issue 4
Structural constraints affecting the initial enzymatic hydrolysis of recycled paper
journal, January 1995
- Nazhad, M. M.; Ramos, L. P.; Paszner, L.
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology, Vol. 17, Issue 1
Deactivation of Cellulase at the Air-Liquid Interface Is the Main Cause of Incomplete Cellulose Conversion at Low Enzyme Loadings
journal, January 2018
- Bhagia, Samarthya; Dhir, Rachna; Kumar, Rajeev
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Deposition of Lignin Droplets Produced During Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Maize Stems Retards Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose
journal, December 2007
- Selig, M. J.; Viamajala, S.; Decker, S. R.
- Biotechnology Progress, Vol. 23, Issue 6
Comparative evaluation of Populus variants total sugar release and structural features following pretreatment and digestion by two distinct biological systems
journal, November 2017
- Thomas, Vanessa A.; Kothari, Ninad; Bhagia, Samarthya
- Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Recent progress in consolidated bioprocessing
journal, June 2012
- Olson, Daniel G.; McBride, John E.; Joe Shaw, A.
- Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Vol. 23, Issue 3, p. 396-405
Toward a Systems Approach to Understanding Plant Cell Walls
journal, December 2004
- Somerville, C.
- Science, Vol. 306, Issue 5705
Overview and Evaluation of Fuel Ethanol from Cellulosic Biomass: Technology, Economics, the Environment, and Policy
journal, November 1996
- Lynd, Lee R.
- Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, Vol. 21, Issue 1, p. 403-465
The effect of switchgrass loadings on feedstock solubilization and biofuel production by Clostridium thermocellum
journal, November 2017
- Verbeke, Tobin J.; Garcia, Gabriela M.; Elkins, James G.
- Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 10, Issue 1
Cellulose polymorphy, crystallite size, and the Segal Crystallinity Index
journal, February 2013
- French, Alfred D.; Santiago Cintrón, Michael
- Cellulose, Vol. 20, Issue 1
NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis
journal, June 2012
- Schneider, Caroline A.; Rasband, Wayne S.; Eliceiri, Kevin W.
- Nature Methods, Vol. 9, Issue 7
Toward an aggregated understanding of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose: Noncomplexed cellulase systems
journal, November 2004
- Zhang, Yi-Heng Percival; Lynd, Lee R.
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 88, Issue 7, p. 797-824
Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on the morphology and fine structure of pretreated cellulosic residues
journal, October 1993
- Ramos, L. P.; Nazhad, M. M.; Saddler, J. N.
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology, Vol. 15, Issue 10
Applying Direct Yellow 11 to a modified Simons’ staining assay
journal, March 2017
- Kwok, Thomas T.; Fogg, David N.; Realff, Matthew J.
- Cellulose, Vol. 24, Issue 6
Restructuring the Crystalline Cellulose Hydrogen Bond Network Enhances Its Depolymerization Rate
journal, July 2011
- Chundawat, Shishir P. S.; Bellesia, Giovanni; Uppugundla, Nirmal
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 133, Issue 29
Cellulose pretreatment in subcritical water: Effect of temperature on molecular structure and enzymatic reactivity
journal, February 2010
- Kumar, Sandeep; Gupta, Rajesh; Lee, Y. Y.
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 101, Issue 4
Effect of digestion by pure cellulases on crystallinity and average chain length for bacterial and microcrystalline celluloses
journal, March 2007
- Chen, Yao; Stipanovic, Arthur J.; Winter, William T.
- Cellulose, Vol. 14, Issue 4
Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose: An overview
journal, January 1991
- Walker, L. P.; Wilson, D. B.
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 36, Issue 1
Recent updates on lignocellulosic biomass derived ethanol - A review
journal, March 2016
- Kumar, Rajeev; Tabatabaei, Meisam; Karimi, Keikhosro
- Biofuel Research Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Impact of the supramolecular structure of cellulose on the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis
journal, April 2015
- Peciulyte, Ausra; Karlström, Katarina; Larsson, Per Tomas
- Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals and Biotechnology
journal, September 2002
- Lynd, L. R.; Weimer, P. J.; van Zyl, W. H.
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Vol. 66, Issue 3, p. 506-577
Structure of native cellulose microfibrils, the starting point for nanocellulose manufacture
journal, December 2017
- Jarvis, Michael C.
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 376, Issue 2112
Comparative studies on hydrothermal pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of leaves and internodes of alamo switchgrass
journal, July 2011
- Hu, Zhoujian; Foston, Marcus; Ragauskas, Arthur J.
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 102, Issue 14
Cellulose synthase complex organization and cellulose microfibril structure
journal, December 2017
- Turner, Simon; Kumar, Manoj
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 376, Issue 2112
Studying cellulose fiber structure by SEM, XRD, NMR and acid hydrolysis
journal, March 2007
- Zhao, H.; Kwak, J.; Conradzhang, Z.
- Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 68, Issue 2
Flowthrough pretreatment with very dilute acid provides insights into high lignin contribution to biomass recalcitrance
journal, November 2016
- Bhagia, Samarthya; Li, Hongjia; Gao, Xiadi
- Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 9, Issue 1
On the Interpretation of X-Ray Diffraction Powder Patterns in Terms of the Nanostructure of Cellulose I Fibres
journal, August 2005
- Garvey, Christopher J.; Parker, Ian H.; Simon, George P.
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 206, Issue 15
Impact of Pretreated Switchgrass and Biomass Carbohydrates on Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 Cellulosome Composition: A Quantitative Proteomic Analysis
journal, April 2009
- Raman, Babu; Pan, Chongle; Hurst, Gregory B.
- PLoS ONE, Vol. 4, Issue 4, Article No. e5271
An Empirical Method for Estimating the Degree of Crystallinity of Native Cellulose Using the X-Ray Diffractometer
journal, October 1959
- Segal, L.; Creely, J. J.; Martin, A. E.
- Textile Research Journal, Vol. 29, Issue 10
CP/MAS 13C NMR analysis of cellulase treated bleached softwood kraft pulp
journal, April 2006
- Pu, Yunqiao; Ziemer, Cherie; Ragauskas, Arthur J.
- Carbohydrate Research, Vol. 341, Issue 5
Cellulose crystallinity index: measurement techniques and their impact on interpreting cellulase performance
journal, January 2010
- Park, Sunkyu; Baker, John O.; Himmel, Michael E.
- Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Impact of Drying on Wood Ultrastructure: Similarities in Cell Wall Alteration between Native Wood and Isolated Wood-Based Fibers
journal, August 2010
- Suchy, Miro; Kontturi, Eero; Vuorinen, Tapani
- Biomacromolecules, Vol. 11, Issue 8
Effect of pore size in substrate and diffusion of enzyme on hydrolysis of cellulosic materials with cellulases
journal, August 1988
- Tanaka, Mitsuo; Ikesaka, Makoto; Matsuno, Ryuichi
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 32, Issue 5
Effects of Biomass Accessibility and Klason Lignin Contents during Consolidated Bioprocessing in Populus trichocarpa
journal, April 2017
- Akinosho, Hannah; Dumitrache, Alexandru; Natzke, Jace
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 6
Effect of crystallinity and degree of polymerization of cellulose on enzymatic saccharification
journal, October 1984
- Puri, Vinod P.
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 26, Issue 10
The cellulosome — A treasure-trove for biotechnology
journal, September 1994
- Bayer, Edward A.; Morag, Ely; Lamed, Raphael
- Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 12, Issue 9
The exometabolome of Clostridium thermocellum reveals overflow metabolism at high cellulose loading
journal, October 2014
- Holwerda, Evert K.; Thorne, Philip G.; Olson, Daniel G.
- Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Biomass-water interactions correlate to recalcitrance and are intensified by pretreatment: An investigation of water constraint and retention in pretreated spruce using low field NMR and water retention value techniques
journal, November 2016
- Weiss, Noah D.; Thygesen, Lisbeth Garbrecht; Felby, Claus
- Biotechnology Progress, Vol. 33, Issue 1
Insights into the effect of dilute acid, hot water or alkaline pretreatment on the cellulose accessible surface area and the overall porosity of Populus
journal, January 2015
- Meng, Xianzhi; Wells, Tyrone; Sun, Qining
- Green Chemistry, Vol. 17, Issue 8
The biosynthesis of cellulose
journal, December 1987
- Brown, R. Malcolm
- Food Hydrocolloids, Vol. 1, Issue 5-6
Comparison of laboratory delignification methods, their selectivity, and impacts on physiochemical characteristics of cellulosic biomass
journal, February 2013
- Kumar, Rajeev; Hu, Fan; Hubbell, Christopher A.
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 130
Coordinated development of leading biomass pretreatment technologies
journal, December 2005
- Wyman, Charles E.; Dale, Bruce E.; Elander, Richard T.
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 96, Issue 18, p. 1959-1966
The Multi Domain Caldicellulosiruptor bescii CelA Cellulase Excels at the Hydrolysis of Crystalline Cellulose
journal, August 2017
- Brunecky, Roman; Donohoe, Bryon S.; Yarbrough, John M.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
The Effect of Pore Size Distribution on the Rate of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Substrates
journal, February 1985
- Grethlein, Hans E.
- Bio/Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 2
Lignocellulose fermentation and residual solids characterization for senescent switchgrass fermentation by Clostridium thermocellum in the presence and absence of continuous in situ ball-milling
journal, January 2017
- Balch, Michael L.; Holwerda, Evert K.; Davis, Mark F.
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 5
The effect of enzyme concentration on the rate of the hydrolysis of cellulose
journal, April 1989
- Sattler, W.; Esterbauer, H.; Glatter, O.
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 33, Issue 10
Comparative sugar recovery data from laboratory scale application of leading pretreatment technologies to corn stover
journal, December 2005
- Wyman, Charles E.; Dale, Bruce E.; Elander, Richard T.
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 96, Issue 18, p. 2026-2032
Organization and distribution of the cellulosome in Clostridium thermocellum.
journal, January 1985
- Bayer, E. A.; Setter, E.; Lamed, R.
- Journal of Bacteriology, Vol. 163, Issue 2
The effect of liquid anhydrous ammonia in the structure and morphology of cotton cellulose
journal, January 1971
- Lewin, Menachem; Roldan, Luis G.
- Journal of Polymer Science Part C: Polymer Symposia, Vol. 36, Issue 1
The Biosynthesis of Cellulose
journal, October 1996
- Brown, R. Malcolm
- Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A, Vol. 33, Issue 10
Access to cellulose limits the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis: the role of amorphogenesis
text, January 2010
- Arantes, Valdeir; Saddler, Jack N.
- BioMed Central
Works referencing / citing this record:
Pretreatment for biorefineries: a review of common methods for efficient utilisation of lignocellulosic materials
journal, December 2019
- Galbe, Mats; Wallberg, Ola
- Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 12, Issue 1