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Title: Improved Activity of a Thermophilic Cellulase, Cel5A, from Thermotoga maritima on Ionic Liquid Pretreated Switchgrass

Abstract

Ionic liquid pretreatment of biomass has been shown to greatly reduce the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass, resulting in improved sugar yields after enzymatic saccharification. However, even under these improved saccharification conditions the cost of enzymes still represents a significant proportion of the total cost of producing sugars and ultimately fuels from lignocellulosic biomass. Much of the high cost of enzymes is due to the low catalytic efficiency and stability of lignocellulolytic enzymes, especially cellulases, under conditions that include high temperatures and the presence of residual pretreatment chemicals, such as acids, organic solvents, bases, or ionic liquids. Improving the efficiency of the saccharification process on ionic liquid pretreated biomass will facilitate reduced enzyme loading and cost. Thermophilic cellulases have been shown to be stable and active in ionic liquids but their activity is typically at lower levels. Cel5A--Tma, a thermophilic endoglucanase from Thermotoga maritima, is highly active on cellulosic substrates and is stable in ionic liquid environments. Here, our motivation was to engineer mutants of Cel5A--Tma with higher activity on 1-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]) pretreated biomass. We developed a robotic platform to screen a random mutagenesis library of Cel5A-Tma. Twelve mutants with 25-42% improvement in specific activity on carboxymethyl cellulose andmore » up to 30% improvement on ionic-liquid pretreated switchgrass were successfully isolated and characterized from a library of twenty thousand variants. Interestingly, most of the mutations in the improved variants are located distally to the active site on the protein surface and are not directly involved with substrate binding.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [2];  [4];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [2]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Joint BioEnergy Inst. (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  2. Joint BioEnergy Inst. (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
  3. Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
  4. Joint BioEnergy Inst. (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23), Biological Systems Science Division (SC-23.2 )
OSTI Identifier:
1511377
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
PLoS ONE
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 8; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 1932-6203
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Citation Formats

Chen, Zhiwei, Pereira, Jose H., Liu, Hanbin, Tran, Huu M., Hsu, Nathan S. Y., Dibble, Dean, Singh, Seema, Adams, Paul D., Sapra, Rajat, Hadi, Masood Z., Simmons, Blake A., and Sale, Kenneth L. Improved Activity of a Thermophilic Cellulase, Cel5A, from Thermotoga maritima on Ionic Liquid Pretreated Switchgrass. United States: N. p., 2013. Web. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079725.
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Chen, Zhiwei, Pereira, Jose H., Liu, Hanbin, Tran, Huu M., Hsu, Nathan S. Y., Dibble, Dean, Singh, Seema, Adams, Paul D., Sapra, Rajat, Hadi, Masood Z., Simmons, Blake A., & Sale, Kenneth L. Improved Activity of a Thermophilic Cellulase, Cel5A, from Thermotoga maritima on Ionic Liquid Pretreated Switchgrass. United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079725
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Chen, Zhiwei, Pereira, Jose H., Liu, Hanbin, Tran, Huu M., Hsu, Nathan S. Y., Dibble, Dean, Singh, Seema, Adams, Paul D., Sapra, Rajat, Hadi, Masood Z., Simmons, Blake A., and Sale, Kenneth L. Thu . "Improved Activity of a Thermophilic Cellulase, Cel5A, from Thermotoga maritima on Ionic Liquid Pretreated Switchgrass". United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079725. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1511377.
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@article{osti_1511377,
title = {Improved Activity of a Thermophilic Cellulase, Cel5A, from Thermotoga maritima on Ionic Liquid Pretreated Switchgrass},
author = {Chen, Zhiwei and Pereira, Jose H. and Liu, Hanbin and Tran, Huu M. and Hsu, Nathan S. Y. and Dibble, Dean and Singh, Seema and Adams, Paul D. and Sapra, Rajat and Hadi, Masood Z. and Simmons, Blake A. and Sale, Kenneth L.},
abstractNote = {Ionic liquid pretreatment of biomass has been shown to greatly reduce the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass, resulting in improved sugar yields after enzymatic saccharification. However, even under these improved saccharification conditions the cost of enzymes still represents a significant proportion of the total cost of producing sugars and ultimately fuels from lignocellulosic biomass. Much of the high cost of enzymes is due to the low catalytic efficiency and stability of lignocellulolytic enzymes, especially cellulases, under conditions that include high temperatures and the presence of residual pretreatment chemicals, such as acids, organic solvents, bases, or ionic liquids. Improving the efficiency of the saccharification process on ionic liquid pretreated biomass will facilitate reduced enzyme loading and cost. Thermophilic cellulases have been shown to be stable and active in ionic liquids but their activity is typically at lower levels. Cel5A--Tma, a thermophilic endoglucanase from Thermotoga maritima, is highly active on cellulosic substrates and is stable in ionic liquid environments. Here, our motivation was to engineer mutants of Cel5A--Tma with higher activity on 1-ethyl-3- methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]) pretreated biomass. We developed a robotic platform to screen a random mutagenesis library of Cel5A-Tma. Twelve mutants with 25-42% improvement in specific activity on carboxymethyl cellulose and up to 30% improvement on ionic-liquid pretreated switchgrass were successfully isolated and characterized from a library of twenty thousand variants. Interestingly, most of the mutations in the improved variants are located distally to the active site on the protein surface and are not directly involved with substrate binding.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0079725},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
number = 11,
volume = 8,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Nov 14 00:00:00 EST 2013},
month = {Thu Nov 14 00:00:00 EST 2013}
}
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Journal Article:
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079725
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Cited by: 20 works
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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: The relative activity of Cel5A_Tma under six different error rates was used to determine the optimal error rate for library construction. The proportion of null mutants produced using an error rate M1.4 (29 ng of cel5a_Tma gene) was ~34 %, which indicated that the library constructed using themore » M1.4 error rate was suitable. The average mutation rate in the M1.4 library was ~4.8 bp/kb gene (0.48 %)To determine the optimal error rate for Cel5A_Tma mutation, mutant libraries were constructed using six different error rates. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079725.g001« less
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Thermodynamic Prediction of Protein Neutrality
text, January 2004

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    • Molecules, Vol. 24, Issue 16
    • DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162879
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