First proton–proton collisions at the LHC as observed with the ALICE detector: Measurement of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density at $\sqrt{s}=900$  GeV

Aamodt, K.; Abel, N.; Abeysekara, U.; Abrahantes Quintana, A.; Acero, A.; Adamová, D.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Aglieri Rinella, G.; Agocs, A. G.; Aguilar Salazar, S.; Ahammed, Z.; Ahmad, A.; Ahmad, N.; Ahn, S. U.; Akimoto, R.; Akindinov, A.; Aleksandrov, D.; Alessandro, B.; Alfaro Molina, R.; Alici, A.; Almaráz Aviña, E.; Alme, J.; Alt, T.; Altini, V.; Altinpinar, S.; Andrei, C.; Andronic, A.; Anelli, G.; Angelov, V.; Anson, C.; Antičić, T.; Antinori, F.; Antinori, S.; Antipin, K.; Antończyk, D.; Antonioli, P.; Anzo, A.; Aphecetche, L.; Appelshäuser, H.; Arcelli, S.; Arceo, R.; Arend, A.; Armesto, N.; Arnaldi, R.; Aronsson, T.; Arsene, I. C.; Asryan, A.; Augustinus, A.; Averbeck, R.; Awes, T. C.; Äystö, J.; Azmi, M. D.; Bablok, S.; Bach, M.; Badalà, A.; Baek, Y. W.; Bagnasco, S.; Bailhache, R.; Bala, R.; Baldisseri, A.; Baldit, A.; Bán, J.; Barbera, R.; Barnaföldi, G. G.; Barnby, L.; Barret, V.; Bartke, J.; Barile, F.; Basile, M.; Basmanov, V.; Bastid, N.; Bathen, B.; Batigne, G.; Batyunya, B.; Baumann, C.; Bearden, I. G.; Becker, B.; Belikov, I.; Bellwied, R.; Belmont-Moreno, E.; Belogianni, A.; Benhabib, L.; Beole, S.; Berceanu, I.; Bercuci, A.; Berdermann, E.; Berdnikov, Y.; Betev, L.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bianchi, L.; Bianchi, N.; Bianchin, C.; Bielčík, J.; Bielčíková, J.; Bilandzic, A.; Bimbot, L.; Biolcati, E.; Blanc, A.; Blanco, F.; Blanco, F.; Blau, D.; Blume, C.; Boccioli, M.; Bock, N.; Bøgdanov, A.; Bøggild, H.; Bogolyubsky, M.; Bohm, J.; Boldizsár, L.; Bombara, M.; Bombonati, C.; Bondila, M.; Borel, H.; Borshchov, V.; Bortolin, C.; Bose, S.; Bosisio, L.; Bossú, F.; Botje, M.; Böttger, S.; Bourdaud, G.; Boyer, B.; Braun, M.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Bravina, L.; Bregant, M.; Breitner, T.; Bruckner, G.; Brun, R.; Bruna, E.; Bruno, G. E.; Budnikov, D.; Buesching, H.; Bugaev, K.; Buncic, P.; Busch, O.; Buthelezi, Z.; Caffarri, D.; Cai, X.; Caines, H.; Camacho, E.; Camerini, P.; Campbell, M.; Canoa Roman, V.; Capitani, G. P.; Cara Romeo, G.; Carena, F.; Carena, W.; Carminati, F.; Casanova Díaz, A.; Caselle, M.; Castillo Castellanos, J.; Castillo Hernandez, J. F.; Catanescu, V.; Cattaruzza, E.; Cavicchioli, C.; Cerello, P.; Chambert, V.; Chang, B.; Chapeland, S.; Charpy, A.; Charvet, J. L.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Cherney, M.; Cheshkov, C.; Cheynis, B.; Chiavassa, E.; Chibante Barroso, V.; Chinellato, D. D.; Chochula, P.; Choi, K.; Chojnacki, M.; Christakoglou, P.; Christensen, C. H.; Christiansen, P.; Chujo, T.; Chuman, F.; Cicalo, C.; Cifarelli, L.; Cindolo, F.; Cleymans, J.; Cobanoglu, O.; Coffin, J. -P.; Coli, S.; Colla, A.; Conesa Balbastre, G.; Conesa del Valle, Z.; Conner, E. S.; Constantin, P.; Contin, G.; Contreras, J. G.; Corrales Morales, Y.; Cormier, T. M.; Cortese, P.; Cortés Maldonado, I.; Cosentino, M. R.; Costa, F.; Cotallo, M. E.; Crescio, E.; Crochet, P.; Cuautle, E.; Cunqueiro, L.; Cussonneau, J.; Dainese, A.; Dalsgaard, H. H.; Danu, A.; Das, I.; Das, S.; Dash, A.; Dash, S.; de Barros, G. O.  V.; De Caro, A.; de Cataldo, G.; de Cuveland, J.; De Falco, A.; de Gaspari, M.; de Groot, J.; De Gruttola, D.; de Haas, A. P.; De Marco, N.; de Rooij, R.; De Pasquale, S.; de Vaux, G.; Delagrange, H.; Dellacasa, G.; Deloff, A.; Demanov, V.; Dénes, E.; Deppman, A.; D’Erasmo, G.; Derkach, D.; Devaux, A.; Di Bari, D.; Di Giglio, C.; Di Liberto, S.; Di Mauro, A.; Di Nezza, P.; Dialinas, M.; Díaz, L.; Díaz, R.; Dietel, T.; Ding, H.; Divià, R.; Djuvsland, Ø.; do Amaral Valdiviesso, G.; Dobretsov, V.; Dobrin, A.; Dobrowolski, T.; Dönigus, B.; Domínguez, I.; Don, D. M.  M.; Dordic, O.; Dubey, A. K.; Dubuisson, J.; Ducroux, L.; Dupieux, P.; Dutta Majumdar, A. K.; Dutta Majumdar, M. R.; Elia, D.; Emschermann, D.; Enokizono, A.; Espagnon, B.; Estienne, M.; Evans, D.; Evrard, S.; Eyyubova, G.; Fabjan, C. W.; Fabris, D.; Faivre, J.; Falchieri, D.; Fantoni, A.; Fasel, M.; Fearick, R.; Fedunov, A.; Fehlker, D.; Fekete, V.; Felea, D.; Fenton-Olsen, B.; Feofilov, G.; Fernández Téllez, A.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Ferretti, A.; Ferretti, R.; Figueredo, M. A.  S.; Filchagin, S.; Fini, R.; Fionda, F. M.; Fiore, E. M.; Floris, M.; Fodor, Z.; Foertsch, S.; Foka, P.; Fokin, S.; Formenti, F.; Fragiacomo, E.; Fragkiadakis, M.; Frankenfeld, U.; Frolov, A.; Fuchs, U.; Furano, F.; Furget, C.; Fusco Girard, M.; Gaardhøje, J. J.; Gadrat, S.; Gagliardi, M.; Gago, A.; Gallio, M.; Ganoti, P.; Ganti, M. S.; Garabatos, C.; Garc, C.; Gebelein, J.; Gemme, R.; Germain, M.; Gheata, A.; Gheata, M.; Ghidini, B.; Ghosh, P.; Giraudo, G.; Giubellino, P.; Gladysz-Dziadus, E.; Glasow, R.; Glässel, P.; Glenn, A.; Gomez, R.; González Santos, H.; González-Trueba, L. H.; González-Zamora, P.; Gorbunov, S.; Gorbunov, Y.; Gotovac, S.; Gottschlag, H.; Grabski, V.; Grajcarek, R.; Grelli, A.; Grigoras, A.; Grigoras, C.; Grigoriev, V.; Grigoryan, A.; Grinyov, B.; Grion, N.; Gros, P.; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F.; Grossiord, J. -Y.; Grosso, R.; Guarnaccia, C.; Guber, F.; Guernane, R.; Guerzoni, B.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gulkanyan, H.; Gunji, T.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, R.; Gustafsson, H. -A.; Gutbrod, H.; Haaland, Ø.; Hadjidakis, C.; Haiduc, M.; Hamagaki, H.; Hamar, G.; Hamblen, J.; Han, B. H.; Harris, J. W.; Hartig, M.; Harutyunyan, A.; Hasch, D.; Hasegan, D.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Hayrapetyan, A.; Heide, M.; Heinz, M.; Helstrup, H.; Herghelegiu, A.; Hernández, C.; Herrera Corral, G.; Herrmann, N.; Hetland, K. F.; Hicks, B.; Hiei, A.; Hille, P. T.; Hippolyte, B.; Horaguchi, T.; Hori, Y.; Hristov, P.; Hřivnáčová, I.; Hu, S.; Huber, S.; Humanic, T. J.; Hutter, D.; Hwang, D. S.; Ichou, R.; Ilkaev, R.; Ilkiv, I.; Innocenti, P. 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A.; Listratenko, O.; Liu, L.; Loginov, V.; Lohn, S.; Lopez, X.; López Noriega, M.; López-Ramírez, R.; López Torres, E.; Løvhøiden, G.; Lozea Feijo Soares, A.; Lu, S.; Lunardon, M.; Luparello, G.; Luquin, L.; Lutz, J. -R.; Luvisetto, M.; Ma, K.; Ma, R.; Madagodahettige-Don, D. M.; Maevskaya, A.; Mager, M.; Mahajan, A.; Mahapatra, D. P.; Maire, A.; Makhlyueva, I.; Mal’Kevich, D.; Malaev, M.; Maldonado Cervantes, I.; Malek, M.; Malkiewicz, T.; Malzacher, P.; Mamonov, A.; Manceau, L.; Mangotra, L.; Manko, V.; Manso, F.; Manzari, V.; Mao, Y.; Mareš, J.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Margotti, A.; Marín, A.; Martashvili, I.; Martinengo, P.; Martínez, M. I.; Martínez Davalos, A.; Martínez García, G.; Maruyama, Y.; Marzari Chiesa, A.; Masciocchi, S.; Masera, M.; Masetti, M.; Masoni, A.; Massacrier, L.; Mastromarco, M.; Mastroserio, A.; Matthews, Z. L.; Mattos Tavares, B.; Matyja, A.; Mayani, D.; Mazza, G.; Mazzoni, M. A.; Meddi, F.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Mendez Lorenzo, P.; Meoni, M.; Mercado Pérez, J.; Mereu, P.; Miake, Y.; Michalon, A.; Miftakhov, N.; Milosevic, J.; Minafra, F.; Mischke, A.; Miśkowiec, D.; Mitu, C.; Mizoguchi, K.; Mlynarz, J.; Mohanty, B.; Molnar, L.; Mondal, M. M.; Montaño Zetina, L.; Monteno, M.; Montes, E.; Morando, M.; Moretto, S.; Morsch, A.; Moukhanova, T.; Muccifora, V.; Mudnic, E.; Muhuri, S.; Müller, H.; Munhoz, M. G.; Munoz, J.; Musa, L.; Musso, A.; Nandi, B. K.; Nania, R.; Nappi, E.; Navach, F.; Navin, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Nazarenko, S.; Nazarov, G.; Nedosekin, A.; Nendaz, F.; Newby, J.; Nianine, A.; Nicassio, M.; Nielsen, B. S.; Nikolaev, S.; Nikolic, V.; Nikulin, S.; Nikulin, V.; Nilsen, B. S.; Nilsson, M. 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doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-1227-4

Title: First proton–proton collisions at the LHC as observed with the ALICE detector: Measurement of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density at $$\sqrt{s}=900$$ GeV

Abstract

On 23rd November 2009, during the early commissioning of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), two counter-rotating proton bunches were circulated for the first time concurrently in the machine, at the LHC injection energy of 450 GeV per beam. Although the proton intensity was very low, with only one pilot bunch per beam, and no systematic attempt was made to optimize the collision optics, all LHC experiments reported a number of collision candidates. In the ALICE experiment, the collision region was centred very well in both the longitudinal and transverse directions and 284 events were recorded in coincidence with the two passing proton bunches. The events were immediately reconstructed and analyzed both online and offline. We have used these events to measure the pseudorapidity density of charged primary particles in the central region. In the range |η|<0.5, we obtain dN_ch/dη=3. 10±0. 13(stat.)±0.22(syst.) for all inelastic interactions, and dN_ch/dη=3.51±0. 15(stat.)±0. 25(syst.) for non-single diffractive interactions. These results are consistent with previous measurements in proton-antiproton interactions at the same centre-of-mass energy at the CERN Sp$$\bar{p}$$S collider. They also illustrate the excellent functioning and rapid progress of the LHC accelerator, and of both the hardware and software of the ALICE experiment, in this early start-up phase.

Authors:

Aamodt, K.; Abel, N.; Abeysekara, U.; Abrahantes Quintana, A.; Acero, A.; Adamová, D.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Aglieri Rinella, G.; Agocs, A. G.; Aguilar Salazar, S.; Ahammed, Z.; Ahmad, A.; Ahmad, N.; Ahn, S. U.; Akimoto, R.; Akindinov, A.; Aleksandrov, D.; Alessandro, B.; Alfaro Molina, R.; Alici, A. more »

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Publication Date:: Fri Dec 11 00:00:00 EST 2009

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF); State of Texas; State of Ohio

Contributing Org.:: The ALICE Collaboration

OSTI Identifier:: 1511316

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 973129

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 65; Journal Issue: 1-2; Journal ID: ISSN 1434-6044

Publisher:: Springer

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; CERN; CHARGED PARTICLES; COMMISSIONING; HADRONS; OPTICS; PROTON-ANTIPROTON INTERACTIONS; PROTONS; START-UP; Large Hadron Collider; ALICE Experiment; Silicon Drift Detector; Silicon Strip Detector; Large Hadron Collider Experiment; IRC member: David Silvermyr

Citation Formats


                    Aamodt, K., Abel, N., Abeysekara, U., Abrahantes Quintana, A., Acero, A., Adamová, D., Aggarwal, M. M., Aglieri Rinella, G., Agocs, A. G., Aguilar Salazar, S., Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, A., Ahmad, N., Ahn, S. U., Akimoto, R., Akindinov, A., Aleksandrov, D., Alessandro, B., Alfaro Molina, R., Alici, A., Almaráz Aviña, E., Alme, J., Alt, T., Altini, V., Altinpinar, S., Andrei, C., Andronic, A., Anelli, G., Angelov, V., Anson, C., Antičić, T., Antinori, F., Antinori, S., Antipin, K., Antończyk, D., Antonioli, P., Anzo, A., Aphecetche, L., Appelshäuser, H., Arcelli, S., Arceo, R., Arend, A., Armesto, N., Arnaldi, R., Aronsson, T., Arsene, I. C., Asryan, A., Augustinus, A., Averbeck, R., Awes, T. C., Äystö, J., Azmi, M. D., Bablok, S., Bach, M., Badalà, A., Baek, Y. W., Bagnasco, S., Bailhache, R., Bala, R., Baldisseri, A., Baldit, A., Bán, J., Barbera, R., Barnaföldi, G. G., Barnby, L., Barret, V., Bartke, J., Barile, F., Basile, M., Basmanov, V., Bastid, N., Bathen, B., Batigne, G., Batyunya, B., Baumann, C., Bearden, I. G., Becker, B., Belikov, I., Bellwied, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Belogianni, A., Benhabib, L., Beole, S., Berceanu, I., Bercuci, A., Berdermann, E., Berdnikov, Y., Betev, L., Bhasin, A., Bhati, A. K., Bianchi, L., Bianchi, N., Bianchin, C., Bielčík, J., Bielčíková, J., Bilandzic, A., Bimbot, L., Biolcati, E., Blanc, A., Blanco, F., Blanco, F., Blau, D., Blume, C., Boccioli, M., Bock, N., Bøgdanov, A., Bøggild, H., Bogolyubsky, M., Bohm, J., Boldizsár, L., Bombara, M., Bombonati, C., Bondila, M., Borel, H., Borshchov, V., Bortolin, C., Bose, S., Bosisio, L., Bossú, F., Botje, M., Böttger, S., Bourdaud, G., Boyer, B., Braun, M., Braun-Munzinger, P., Bravina, L., Bregant, M., Breitner, T., Bruckner, G., Brun, R., Bruna, E., Bruno, G. E., Budnikov, D., Buesching, H., Bugaev, K., Buncic, P., Busch, O., Buthelezi, Z., Caffarri, D., Cai, X., Caines, H., Camacho, E., Camerini, P., Campbell, M., Canoa Roman, V., Capitani, G. P., Cara Romeo, G., Carena, F., Carena, W., Carminati, F., Casanova Díaz, A., Caselle, M., Castillo Castellanos, J., Castillo Hernandez, J. F., Catanescu, V., Cattaruzza, E., Cavicchioli, C., Cerello, P., Chambert, V., Chang, B., Chapeland, S., Charpy, A., Charvet, J. L., Chattopadhyay, S., Chattopadhyay, S., Cherney, M., Cheshkov, C., Cheynis, B., Chiavassa, E., Chibante Barroso, V., Chinellato, D. D., Chochula, P., Choi, K., Chojnacki, M., Christakoglou, P., Christensen, C. H., Christiansen, P., Chujo, T., Chuman, F., Cicalo, C., Cifarelli, L., Cindolo, F., Cleymans, J., Cobanoglu, O., Coffin, J. -P., Coli, S., Colla, A., Conesa Balbastre, G., Conesa del Valle, Z., Conner, E. S., Constantin, P., Contin, G., Contreras, J. G., Corrales Morales, Y., Cormier, T. M., Cortese, P., Cortés Maldonado, I., Cosentino, M. R., Costa, F., Cotallo, M. E., Crescio, E., Crochet, P., Cuautle, E., Cunqueiro, L., Cussonneau, J., Dainese, A., Dalsgaard, H. H., Danu, A., Das, I., Das, S., Dash, A., Dash, S., de Barros, G. O.  V., De Caro, A., de Cataldo, G., de Cuveland, J., De Falco, A., de Gaspari, M., de Groot, J., De Gruttola, D., de Haas, A. P., De Marco, N., de Rooij, R., De Pasquale, S., de Vaux, G., Delagrange, H., Dellacasa, G., Deloff, A., Demanov, V., Dénes, E., Deppman, A., D’Erasmo, G., Derkach, D., Devaux, A., Di Bari, D., Di Giglio, C., Di Liberto, S., Di Mauro, A., Di Nezza, P., Dialinas, M., Díaz, L., Díaz, R., Dietel, T., Ding, H., Divià, R., Djuvsland, Ø., do Amaral Valdiviesso, G., Dobretsov, V., Dobrin, A., Dobrowolski, T., Dönigus, B., Domínguez, I., Don, D. M.  M., Dordic, O., Dubey, A. K., Dubuisson, J., Ducroux, L., Dupieux, P., Dutta Majumdar, A. K., Dutta Majumdar, M. R., Elia, D., Emschermann, D., Enokizono, A., Espagnon, B., Estienne, M., Evans, D., Evrard, S., Eyyubova, G., Fabjan, C. W., Fabris, D., Faivre, J., Falchieri, D., Fantoni, A., Fasel, M., Fearick, R., Fedunov, A., Fehlker, D., Fekete, V., Felea, D., Fenton-Olsen, B., Feofilov, G., Fernández Téllez, A., Ferreiro, E. G., Ferretti, A., Ferretti, R., Figueredo, M. A.  S., Filchagin, S., Fini, R., Fionda, F. M., Fiore, E. M., Floris, M., Fodor, Z., Foertsch, S., Foka, P., Fokin, S., Formenti, F., Fragiacomo, E., Fragkiadakis, M., Frankenfeld, U., Frolov, A., Fuchs, U., Furano, F., Furget, C., Fusco Girard, M., Gaardhøje, J. J., Gadrat, S., Gagliardi, M., Gago, A., Gallio, M., Ganoti, P., Ganti, M. S., Garabatos, C., Garc, C., Gebelein, J., Gemme, R., Germain, M., Gheata, A., Gheata, M., Ghidini, B., Ghosh, P., Giraudo, G., Giubellino, P., Gladysz-Dziadus, E., Glasow, R., Glässel, P., Glenn, A., Gomez, R., González Santos, H., González-Trueba, L. H., González-Zamora, P., Gorbunov, S., Gorbunov, Y., Gotovac, S., Gottschlag, H., Grabski, V., Grajcarek, R., Grelli, A., Grigoras, A., Grigoras, C., Grigoriev, V., Grigoryan, A., Grinyov, B., Grion, N., Gros, P., Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F., Grossiord, J. -Y., Grosso, R., Guarnaccia, C., Guber, F., Guernane, R., Guerzoni, B., Gulbrandsen, K., Gulkanyan, H., Gunji, T., Gupta, A., Gupta, R., Gustafsson, H. -A., Gutbrod, H., Haaland, Ø., Hadjidakis, C., Haiduc, M., Hamagaki, H., Hamar, G., Hamblen, J., Han, B. H., Harris, J. W., Hartig, M., Harutyunyan, A., Hasch, D., Hasegan, D., Hatzifotiadou, D., Hayrapetyan, A., Heide, M., Heinz, M., Helstrup, H., Herghelegiu, A., Hernández, C., Herrera Corral, G., Herrmann, N., Hetland, K. F., Hicks, B., Hiei, A., Hille, P. T., Hippolyte, B., Horaguchi, T., Hori, Y., Hristov, P., Hřivnáčová, I., Hu, S., Huber, S., Humanic, T. J., Hutter, D., Hwang, D. S., Ichou, R., Ilkaev, R., Ilkiv, I., Innocenti, P. G., Ippolitov, M., Irfan, M., Ivan, C., Ivanov, A., Ivanov, M., Ivanov, V., Iwasaki, T., Jachołkowski, A., Jacobs, P. M., Jančurová, L., Jangal, S., Janik, R., Jayananda, K., Jena, C., Jena, S., Jirden, L., Jones, G. T., Jones, P. G., Jovanovi, P., Jung, H., Jung, W., Jusko, A., Kaidalov, A. B., Kalcher, S., Kali, P., Kalliokoski, T., Kalweit, A., Kamal, A., Kamermans, R., Kanaki, K., Kang, E., Kang, J. H., Kapitan, J., Kaplin, V., Kapusta, S., Karavicheva, T., Karpechev, E., Kazantsev, A., Kebschull, U., Keidel, R., Khan, M. M., Khan, S. A., Khanzadeev, A., Kharlov, Y., Kikola, D., Kileng, B., Kim, D. J., Kim, D. S., Kim, D. W., Kim, H. N., Kim, J., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. S., Kim, M., Kim, M., Kim, S. H., Kim, S., Kim, Y., Kirsch, S., Kisel, I., Kiselev, S., Kisiel, A., Klay, J. L., Klein, J., Klein, C., Kliemant, M., Klovning, A., Kluge, A., Kniege, S., Koch, K., Kolevatov, R., Kolojvari, A., Kondratiev, V., Kondratyeva, N., Konevskih, A., Kornaś, E., Kour, R., Kowalski, M., Kox, S., Kozlov, K., Kral, J., Králik, I., Kramer, F., Kraus, I., Kravčáková, A., Krawutschke, T., Krivda, M., Krumbhorn, D., Krus, M., Kryshen, E., Krzewicki, M., Kucheriaev, Y., Kuhn, C., Kuijer, P. G., Kumar, L., Kumar, N., Kupczak, R., Kurashvili, P., Kurepin, A., Kurepin, A. N., Kuryakin, A., Kushpil, S., Kushpil, V., Kutouski, M., Kvaerno, H., Kweon, M. J., Kwon, Y., La Rocca, P., Lackner, F., Ladrón de Guevara, P., Lafage, V., Lal, C., Lara, C., Larsen, D. T., Laurenti, G., Lazzeroni, C., Le Bornec, Y., Le Bris, N., Lee, H., Lee, K. S., Lee, S. C., Lefèvre, F., Lenhardt, M., Leistam, L., Lehnert, J., Lenti, V., León, H., León Monzón, I., León Vargas, H., Lévai, P., Li, Y., Lietava, R., Lindal, S., Lindenstruth, V., Lippmann, C., Lisa, M. A., Listratenko, O., Liu, L., Loginov, V., Lohn, S., Lopez, X., López Noriega, M., López-Ramírez, R., López Torres, E., Løvhøiden, G., Lozea Feijo Soares, A., Lu, S., Lunardon, M., Luparello, G., Luquin, L., Lutz, J. -R., Luvisetto, M., Ma, K., Ma, R., Madagodahettige-Don, D. M., Maevskaya, A., Mager, M., Mahajan, A., Mahapatra, D. P., Maire, A., Makhlyueva, I., Mal’Kevich, D., Malaev, M., Maldonado Cervantes, I., Malek, M., Malkiewicz, T., Malzacher, P., Mamonov, A., Manceau, L., Mangotra, L., Manko, V., Manso, F., Manzari, V., Mao, Y., Mareš, J., Margagliotti, G. V., Margotti, A., Marín, A., Martashvili, I., Martinengo, P., Martínez, M. I., Martínez Davalos, A., Martínez García, G., Maruyama, Y., Marzari Chiesa, A., Masciocchi, S., Masera, M., Masetti, M., Masoni, A., Massacrier, L., Mastromarco, M., Mastroserio, A., Matthews, Z. L., Mattos Tavares, B., Matyja, A., Mayani, D., Mazza, G., Mazzoni, M. A., Meddi, F., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Mendez Lorenzo, P., Meoni, M., Mercado Pérez, J., Mereu, P., Miake, Y., Michalon, A., Miftakhov, N., Milosevic, J., Minafra, F., Mischke, A., Miśkowiec, D., Mitu, C., Mizoguchi, K., Mlynarz, J., Mohanty, B., Molnar, L., Mondal, M. M., Montaño Zetina, L., Monteno, M., Montes, E., Morando, M., Moretto, S., Morsch, A., Moukhanova, T., Muccifora, V., Mudnic, E., Muhuri, S., Müller, H., Munhoz, M. G., Munoz, J., Musa, L., Musso, A., Nandi, B. K., Nania, R., Nappi, E., Navach, F., Navin, S., Nayak, T. K., Nazarenko, S., Nazarov, G., Nedosekin, A., Nendaz, F., Newby, J., Nianine, A., Nicassio, M., Nielsen, B. S., Nikolaev, S., Nikolic, V., Nikulin, S., Nikulin, V., Nilsen, B. S., Nilsson, M. S., Noferini, F., Nomokonov, P., Nooren, G., Novitzky, N., Nyatha, A., Nygaard, C., Nyiri, A., Nystrand, J., Ochirov, A., Odyniec, G., Oeschler, H., Oinonen, M., Okada, K., Okada, Y., Oldenburg, M., Oleniacz, J., Oppedisano, C., Orsini, F., Ortíz Velázquez, A., Ortona, G., Oskamp, C., Oskarsson, A., Osmic, F., Österman, L., Ostrowski, P., Otterlund, I., Otwinowski, J., Øvrebekk, G., Oyama, K., Ozawa, K., Pachmayer, Y., Pachr, M., Padilla, F., Pagano, P., Paić, G., Painke, F., Pajares, C., Pal, S., Pal, S. K., Palaha, A., Palmeri, A., Panse, R., Pappalardo, G. S., Park, W. J., Pastirčák, B., Pastore, C., Paticchio, V., Pavlinov, A., Pawlak, T., Peitzmann, T., Pepato, A., Pereira, H., Peressounko, D., Pérez, C., Perini, D., Perrino, D., Peryt, W., Peschek, J., Pesci, A., Peskov, V., Pestov, Y., Peters, A. J., Petráček, V., Petridis, A., Petris, M., Petrov, P., Petrovici, M., Petta, C., Peyré, J., Piano, S., Piccotti, A., Pikna, M., Pillot, P., Pinsky, L., Pitz, N., Piuz, F., Platt, R., Płoskoń, M., Pluta, J., Pocheptsov, T., Pochybova, S., Podesta Lerma, P. L.  M., Poggio, F., Poghosyan, M. G., Polák, K., Polichtchouk, B., Polozov, P., Polyakov, V., Pommeresch, B., Pop, A., Posa, F., Pospíšil, V., Potukuchi, B., Pouthas, J., Prasad, S. K., Preghenella, R., Prino, F., Pruneau, C. A., Pshenichnov, I., Puddu, G., Pujahari, P., Pulvirenti, A., Punin, A., Punin, V., Putiš, M., Putschke, J., Quercigh, E., Rachevski, A., Rademakers, A., Radomski, S., Räihä, T. S., Rak, J., Rakotozafindrabe, A., Ramello, L., Ramírez Reyes, A., Rammler, M., Raniwala, R., Raniwala, S., Räsänen, S., Rashevskaya, I., Rath, S., Read, Jr., Kenneth F., Real, J., Redlich, K., Renfordt, R., Reolon, A. R., Reshetin, A., Rettig, F., Revol, J. -P., Reygers, K., Ricaud, H., Riccati, L., Ricci, R. A., Richter, M., Riedler, P., Riegler, W., Riggi, F., Rivetti, A., Rodriguez Cahuantzi, M., Røed, K., Röhrich, D., Román López, S., Romita, R., Ronchetti, F., Rosinský, P., Rosnet, P., Rossegger, S., Rossi, A., Roukoutakis, F., Rousseau, S., Roy, C., Roy, P., Rubio-Montero, A. J., Rui, R., Rusanov, I., Russo, G., Ryabinkin, E., Rybicki, A., Sadovsky, S., Šafařík, K., Sahoo, R., Saini, J., Saiz, P., Sakata, D., Salgado, C. A., Salgueiro Dominques da Silva, R., Salur, S., Samanta, T., Sambyal, S., Samsonov, V., Šándor, L., Sandoval, A., Sano, M., Sano, S., Santo, R., Santoro, R., Sarkamo, J., Saturnini, P., Scapparone, E., Scarlassara, F., Scharenberg, R. P., Schiaua, C., Schicker, R., Schindler, H., Schmidt, C., Schmidt, H. R., Schreiner, S., Schuchmann, S., Schukraft, J., Schutz, Y., Schwarz, K., Schweda, K., Scioli, G., Scomparin, E., Segato, G., Semenov, D., Senyukov, S., Seo, J., Serci, S., Serkin, L., Serradilla, E., Sevcenco, A., Sgura, I., Shabratova, G., Shahoyan, R., Sharkov, G., Sharma, N., Sharma, S., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shtejer, K., Sibiriak, Y., Siciliano, M., Sicking, E., Siddi, E., Siemiarczuk, T., Silenzi, A., Silvermyr, D., Simili, E., Simonetti, G., Singaraju, R., Singh, R., Singhal, V., Sinha, B. C., Sinha, T., Sitar, B., Sitta, M., Skaali, T. B., Skjerdal, K., Smakal, R., Smirnov, N., Snellings, R., Snow, H., Søgaard, C., Sokolov, O., Soloviev, A., Soltveit, H. K., Soltz, R., Sommer, W., Son, C. W., Son, H. S., Song, M., Soos, C., Soramel, F., Soyk, D., Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, M., Srivastava, B. K., Stachel, J., Staley, F., Stan, I., Stefanek, G., Stefanini, G., Steinbeck, T., Stenlund, E., Steyn, G., Stocco, D., Stock, R., Stolpovsky, P., Strmen, P., Suaide, A. A.  P., Subieta Vásquez, M. A., Sugitate, T., Suire, C., Šumbera, M., Susa, T., Swoboda, D., Symons, T. J.  M., Szanto de Toledo, A., Szarka, I., Szostak, A., Szuba, M., Tadel, M., Tagridis, C., Takahara, A., Takahashi, J., Tanabe, R., Tapia Takaki, J. D., Taureg, H., Tauro, A., Tavlet, M., Tejeda Muñoz, G., Telesca, A., Terrevoli, C., Thäder, J., Tieulent, R., Tlusty, D., Toia, A., Tolyhy, T., Torcato de Matos, C., Torii, H., Torralba, G., Toscano, L., Tosello, F., Tournaire, A., Traczyk, T., Tribedy, P., Tröger, G., Truesdale, D., Trzaska, W. H., Tsiledakis, G., Tsilis, E., Tsuji, T., Tumkin, A., Turrisi, R., Turvey, A., Tveter, T. S., Tydesjö, H., Tywoniuk, K., Ulery, J., Ullaland, K., Uras, A., Urbán, J., Urciuoli, G. M., Usai, G. L., Vacchi, A., Vala, M., Valencia Palomo, L., Vallero, S., van den Brink, A., van der Kolk, N., Vande Vyvre, P., van Leeuwen, M., Vannucci, L., Vargas, A., Varma, R., Vasiliev, A., Vassiliev, I., Vassiliou, M., Vechernin, V., Venaruzzo, M., Vercellin, E., Vergara, S., Vernet, R., Verweij, M., Vetlitskiy, I., Vickovic, L., Viesti, G., Vikhlyantsev, O., Vilakazi, Z., Villalobos Baillie, O., Vinogradov, A., Vinogradov, L., Vinogradov, Y., Virgili, T., Viyogi, Y. P., Vodopianov, A., Voloshin, K., Voloshin, S., Volpe, G., von Haller, B., Vranic, D., Vrláková, J., Vulpescu, B., Wagner, B., Wagner, V., Wallet, L., Wan, R., Wang, D., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Watanabe, K., Wen, Q., Wessels, J., Wiechula, J., Wikne, J., Wilk, A., Wilk, G., Williams, M. C.  S., Willis, N., Windelband, B., Xu, C., Yang, C., Yang, H., Yasnopolsky, A., Yermia, F., Yi, J., Yin, Z., Yokoyama, H., Yoo, I. -K., Yuan, X., Yushmanov, I., Zabrodin, E., Zagreev, B., Zalite, A., Zampolli, C., Zanevsky, Yu., Zaporozhets, S., Zarochentsev, A., Závada, P., Zbroszczyk, H., Zelnicek, P., Zenin, A., Zepeda, A., Zgura, I., Zhalov, M., Zhang, X., Zhou, D., Zhou, S., Zhou, S., Zhu, J., Zichichi, A., Zinchenko, A., Zinovjev, G., Zinovjev, M., Zoccarato, Y., and Zycháček, V. First proton–proton collisions at the LHC as observed with the ALICE detector: Measurement of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density at $\sqrt{s}=900$  GeV.  United States: N. p., 2009. 
Web.  doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-1227-4.

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                    Aamodt, K., Abel, N., Abeysekara, U., Abrahantes Quintana, A., Acero, A., Adamová, D., Aggarwal, M. M., Aglieri Rinella, G., Agocs, A. G., Aguilar Salazar, S., Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, A., Ahmad, N., Ahn, S. U., Akimoto, R., Akindinov, A., Aleksandrov, D., Alessandro, B., Alfaro Molina, R., Alici, A., Almaráz Aviña, E., Alme, J., Alt, T., Altini, V., Altinpinar, S., Andrei, C., Andronic, A., Anelli, G., Angelov, V., Anson, C., Antičić, T., Antinori, F., Antinori, S., Antipin, K., Antończyk, D., Antonioli, P., Anzo, A., Aphecetche, L., Appelshäuser, H., Arcelli, S., Arceo, R., Arend, A., Armesto, N., Arnaldi, R., Aronsson, T., Arsene, I. C., Asryan, A., Augustinus, A., Averbeck, R., Awes, T. C., Äystö, J., Azmi, M. D., Bablok, S., Bach, M., Badalà, A., Baek, Y. W., Bagnasco, S., Bailhache, R., Bala, R., Baldisseri, A., Baldit, A., Bán, J., Barbera, R., Barnaföldi, G. G., Barnby, L., Barret, V., Bartke, J., Barile, F., Basile, M., Basmanov, V., Bastid, N., Bathen, B., Batigne, G., Batyunya, B., Baumann, C., Bearden, I. G., Becker, B., Belikov, I., Bellwied, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Belogianni, A., Benhabib, L., Beole, S., Berceanu, I., Bercuci, A., Berdermann, E., Berdnikov, Y., Betev, L., Bhasin, A., Bhati, A. K., Bianchi, L., Bianchi, N., Bianchin, C., Bielčík, J., Bielčíková, J., Bilandzic, A., Bimbot, L., Biolcati, E., Blanc, A., Blanco, F., Blanco, F., Blau, D., Blume, C., Boccioli, M., Bock, N., Bøgdanov, A., Bøggild, H., Bogolyubsky, M., Bohm, J., Boldizsár, L., Bombara, M., Bombonati, C., Bondila, M., Borel, H., Borshchov, V., Bortolin, C., Bose, S., Bosisio, L., Bossú, F., Botje, M., Böttger, S., Bourdaud, G., Boyer, B., Braun, M., Braun-Munzinger, P., Bravina, L., Bregant, M., Breitner, T., Bruckner, G., Brun, R., Bruna, E., Bruno, G. E., Budnikov, D., Buesching, H., Bugaev, K., Buncic, P., Busch, O., Buthelezi, Z., Caffarri, D., Cai, X., Caines, H., Camacho, E., Camerini, P., Campbell, M., Canoa Roman, V., Capitani, G. P., Cara Romeo, G., Carena, F., Carena, W., Carminati, F., Casanova Díaz, A., Caselle, M., Castillo Castellanos, J., Castillo Hernandez, J. F., Catanescu, V., Cattaruzza, E., Cavicchioli, C., Cerello, P., Chambert, V., Chang, B., Chapeland, S., Charpy, A., Charvet, J. L., Chattopadhyay, S., Chattopadhyay, S., Cherney, M., Cheshkov, C., Cheynis, B., Chiavassa, E., Chibante Barroso, V., Chinellato, D. D., Chochula, P., Choi, K., Chojnacki, M., Christakoglou, P., Christensen, C. H., Christiansen, P., Chujo, T., Chuman, F., Cicalo, C., Cifarelli, L., Cindolo, F., Cleymans, J., Cobanoglu, O., Coffin, J. -P., Coli, S., Colla, A., Conesa Balbastre, G., Conesa del Valle, Z., Conner, E. S., Constantin, P., Contin, G., Contreras, J. G., Corrales Morales, Y., Cormier, T. M., Cortese, P., Cortés Maldonado, I., Cosentino, M. R., Costa, F., Cotallo, M. E., Crescio, E., Crochet, P., Cuautle, E., Cunqueiro, L., Cussonneau, J., Dainese, A., Dalsgaard, H. H., Danu, A., Das, I., Das, S., Dash, A., Dash, S., de Barros, G. O.  V., De Caro, A., de Cataldo, G., de Cuveland, J., De Falco, A., de Gaspari, M., de Groot, J., De Gruttola, D., de Haas, A. P., De Marco, N., de Rooij, R., De Pasquale, S., de Vaux, G., Delagrange, H., Dellacasa, G., Deloff, A., Demanov, V., Dénes, E., Deppman, A., D’Erasmo, G., Derkach, D., Devaux, A., Di Bari, D., Di Giglio, C., Di Liberto, S., Di Mauro, A., Di Nezza, P., Dialinas, M., Díaz, L., Díaz, R., Dietel, T., Ding, H., Divià, R., Djuvsland, Ø., do Amaral Valdiviesso, G., Dobretsov, V., Dobrin, A., Dobrowolski, T., Dönigus, B., Domínguez, I., Don, D. M.  M., Dordic, O., Dubey, A. K., Dubuisson, J., Ducroux, L., Dupieux, P., Dutta Majumdar, A. K., Dutta Majumdar, M. R., Elia, D., Emschermann, D., Enokizono, A., Espagnon, B., Estienne, M., Evans, D., Evrard, S., Eyyubova, G., Fabjan, C. W., Fabris, D., Faivre, J., Falchieri, D., Fantoni, A., Fasel, M., Fearick, R., Fedunov, A., Fehlker, D., Fekete, V., Felea, D., Fenton-Olsen, B., Feofilov, G., Fernández Téllez, A., Ferreiro, E. G., Ferretti, A., Ferretti, R., Figueredo, M. A.  S., Filchagin, S., Fini, R., Fionda, F. M., Fiore, E. M., Floris, M., Fodor, Z., Foertsch, S., Foka, P., Fokin, S., Formenti, F., Fragiacomo, E., Fragkiadakis, M., Frankenfeld, U., Frolov, A., Fuchs, U., Furano, F., Furget, C., Fusco Girard, M., Gaardhøje, J. J., Gadrat, S., Gagliardi, M., Gago, A., Gallio, M., Ganoti, P., Ganti, M. S., Garabatos, C., Garc, C., Gebelein, J., Gemme, R., Germain, M., Gheata, A., Gheata, M., Ghidini, B., Ghosh, P., Giraudo, G., Giubellino, P., Gladysz-Dziadus, E., Glasow, R., Glässel, P., Glenn, A., Gomez, R., González Santos, H., González-Trueba, L. 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                    Aamodt, K., Abel, N., Abeysekara, U., Abrahantes Quintana, A., Acero, A., Adamová, D., Aggarwal, M. M., Aglieri Rinella, G., Agocs, A. G., Aguilar Salazar, S., Ahammed, Z., Ahmad, A., Ahmad, N., Ahn, S. U., Akimoto, R., Akindinov, A., Aleksandrov, D., Alessandro, B., Alfaro Molina, R., Alici, A., Almaráz Aviña, E., Alme, J., Alt, T., Altini, V., Altinpinar, S., Andrei, C., Andronic, A., Anelli, G., Angelov, V., Anson, C., Antičić, T., Antinori, F., Antinori, S., Antipin, K., Antończyk, D., Antonioli, P., Anzo, A., Aphecetche, L., Appelshäuser, H., Arcelli, S., Arceo, R., Arend, A., Armesto, N., Arnaldi, R., Aronsson, T., Arsene, I. C., Asryan, A., Augustinus, A., Averbeck, R., Awes, T. C., Äystö, J., Azmi, M. D., Bablok, S., Bach, M., Badalà, A., Baek, Y. W., Bagnasco, S., Bailhache, R., Bala, R., Baldisseri, A., Baldit, A., Bán, J., Barbera, R., Barnaföldi, G. 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E., Budnikov, D., Buesching, H., Bugaev, K., Buncic, P., Busch, O., Buthelezi, Z., Caffarri, D., Cai, X., Caines, H., Camacho, E., Camerini, P., Campbell, M., Canoa Roman, V., Capitani, G. P., Cara Romeo, G., Carena, F., Carena, W., Carminati, F., Casanova Díaz, A., Caselle, M., Castillo Castellanos, J., Castillo Hernandez, J. F., Catanescu, V., Cattaruzza, E., Cavicchioli, C., Cerello, P., Chambert, V., Chang, B., Chapeland, S., Charpy, A., Charvet, J. L., Chattopadhyay, S., Chattopadhyay, S., Cherney, M., Cheshkov, C., Cheynis, B., Chiavassa, E., Chibante Barroso, V., Chinellato, D. D., Chochula, P., Choi, K., Chojnacki, M., Christakoglou, P., Christensen, C. H., Christiansen, P., Chujo, T., Chuman, F., Cicalo, C., Cifarelli, L., Cindolo, F., Cleymans, J., Cobanoglu, O., Coffin, J. -P., Coli, S., Colla, A., Conesa Balbastre, G., Conesa del Valle, Z., Conner, E. S., Constantin, P., Contin, G., Contreras, J. G., Corrales Morales, Y., Cormier, T. M., Cortese, P., Cortés Maldonado, I., Cosentino, M. R., Costa, F., Cotallo, M. E., Crescio, E., Crochet, P., Cuautle, E., Cunqueiro, L., Cussonneau, J., Dainese, A., Dalsgaard, H. H., Danu, A., Das, I., Das, S., Dash, A., Dash, S., de Barros, G. O.  V., De Caro, A., de Cataldo, G., de Cuveland, J., De Falco, A., de Gaspari, M., de Groot, J., De Gruttola, D., de Haas, A. P., De Marco, N., de Rooij, R., De Pasquale, S., de Vaux, G., Delagrange, H., Dellacasa, G., Deloff, A., Demanov, V., Dénes, E., Deppman, A., D’Erasmo, G., Derkach, D., Devaux, A., Di Bari, D., Di Giglio, C., Di Liberto, S., Di Mauro, A., Di Nezza, P., Dialinas, M., Díaz, L., Díaz, R., Dietel, T., Ding, H., Divià, R., Djuvsland, Ø., do Amaral Valdiviesso, G., Dobretsov, V., Dobrin, A., Dobrowolski, T., Dönigus, B., Domínguez, I., Don, D. M.  M., Dordic, O., Dubey, A. K., Dubuisson, J., Ducroux, L., Dupieux, P., Dutta Majumdar, A. K., Dutta Majumdar, M. R., Elia, D., Emschermann, D., Enokizono, A., Espagnon, B., Estienne, M., Evans, D., Evrard, S., Eyyubova, G., Fabjan, C. W., Fabris, D., Faivre, J., Falchieri, D., Fantoni, A., Fasel, M., Fearick, R., Fedunov, A., Fehlker, D., Fekete, V., Felea, D., Fenton-Olsen, B., Feofilov, G., Fernández Téllez, A., Ferreiro, E. G., Ferretti, A., Ferretti, R., Figueredo, M. A.  S., Filchagin, S., Fini, R., Fionda, F. M., Fiore, E. M., Floris, M., Fodor, Z., Foertsch, S., Foka, P., Fokin, S., Formenti, F., Fragiacomo, E., Fragkiadakis, M., Frankenfeld, U., Frolov, A., Fuchs, U., Furano, F., Furget, C., Fusco Girard, M., Gaardhøje, J. J., Gadrat, S., Gagliardi, M., Gago, A., Gallio, M., Ganoti, P., Ganti, M. S., Garabatos, C., Garc, C., Gebelein, J., Gemme, R., Germain, M., Gheata, A., Gheata, M., Ghidini, B., Ghosh, P., Giraudo, G., Giubellino, P., Gladysz-Dziadus, E., Glasow, R., Glässel, P., Glenn, A., Gomez, R., González Santos, H., González-Trueba, L. H., González-Zamora, P., Gorbunov, S., Gorbunov, Y., Gotovac, S., Gottschlag, H., Grabski, V., Grajcarek, R., Grelli, A., Grigoras, A., Grigoras, C., Grigoriev, V., Grigoryan, A., Grinyov, B., Grion, N., Gros, P., Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F., Grossiord, J. -Y., Grosso, R., Guarnaccia, C., Guber, F., Guernane, R., Guerzoni, B., Gulbrandsen, K., Gulkanyan, H., Gunji, T., Gupta, A., Gupta, R., Gustafsson, H. -A., Gutbrod, H., Haaland, Ø., Hadjidakis, C., Haiduc, M., Hamagaki, H., Hamar, G., Hamblen, J., Han, B. H., Harris, J. W., Hartig, M., Harutyunyan, A., Hasch, D., Hasegan, D., Hatzifotiadou, D., Hayrapetyan, A., Heide, M., Heinz, M., Helstrup, H., Herghelegiu, A., Hernández, C., Herrera Corral, G., Herrmann, N., Hetland, K. F., Hicks, B., Hiei, A., Hille, P. T., Hippolyte, B., Horaguchi, T., Hori, Y., Hristov, P., Hřivnáčová, I., Hu, S., Huber, S., Humanic, T. J., Hutter, D., Hwang, D. S., Ichou, R., Ilkaev, R., Ilkiv, I., Innocenti, P. G., Ippolitov, M., Irfan, M., Ivan, C., Ivanov, A., Ivanov, M., Ivanov, V., Iwasaki, T., Jachołkowski, A., Jacobs, P. M., Jančurová, L., Jangal, S., Janik, R., Jayananda, K., Jena, C., Jena, S., Jirden, L., Jones, G. T., Jones, P. G., Jovanovi, P., Jung, H., Jung, W., Jusko, A., Kaidalov, A. B., Kalcher, S., Kali, P., Kalliokoski, T., Kalweit, A., Kamal, A., Kamermans, R., Kanaki, K., Kang, E., Kang, J. H., Kapitan, J., Kaplin, V., Kapusta, S., Karavicheva, T., Karpechev, E., Kazantsev, A., Kebschull, U., Keidel, R., Khan, M. M., Khan, S. A., Khanzadeev, A., Kharlov, Y., Kikola, D., Kileng, B., Kim, D. J., Kim, D. S., Kim, D. W., Kim, H. N., Kim, J., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. S., Kim, M., Kim, M., Kim, S. H., Kim, S., Kim, Y., Kirsch, S., Kisel, I., Kiselev, S., Kisiel, A., Klay, J. L., Klein, J., Klein, C., Kliemant, M., Klovning, A., Kluge, A., Kniege, S., Koch, K., Kolevatov, R., Kolojvari, A., Kondratiev, V., Kondratyeva, N., Konevskih, A., Kornaś, E., Kour, R., Kowalski, M., Kox, S., Kozlov, K., Kral, J., Králik, I., Kramer, F., Kraus, I., Kravčáková, A., Krawutschke, T., Krivda, M., Krumbhorn, D., Krus, M., Kryshen, E., Krzewicki, M., Kucheriaev, Y., Kuhn, C., Kuijer, P. G., Kumar, L., Kumar, N., Kupczak, R., Kurashvili, P., Kurepin, A., Kurepin, A. N., Kuryakin, A., Kushpil, S., Kushpil, V., Kutouski, M., Kvaerno, H., Kweon, M. J., Kwon, Y., La Rocca, P., Lackner, F., Ladrón de Guevara, P., Lafage, V., Lal, C., Lara, C., Larsen, D. T., Laurenti, G., Lazzeroni, C., Le Bornec, Y., Le Bris, N., Lee, H., Lee, K. S., Lee, S. C., Lefèvre, F., Lenhardt, M., Leistam, L., Lehnert, J., Lenti, V., León, H., León Monzón, I., León Vargas, H., Lévai, P., Li, Y., Lietava, R., Lindal, S., Lindenstruth, V., Lippmann, C., Lisa, M. 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A., Richter, M., Riedler, P., Riegler, W., Riggi, F., Rivetti, A., Rodriguez Cahuantzi, M., Røed, K., Röhrich, D., Román López, S., Romita, R., Ronchetti, F., Rosinský, P., Rosnet, P., Rossegger, S., Rossi, A., Roukoutakis, F., Rousseau, S., Roy, C., Roy, P., Rubio-Montero, A. J., Rui, R., Rusanov, I., Russo, G., Ryabinkin, E., Rybicki, A., Sadovsky, S., Šafařík, K., Sahoo, R., Saini, J., Saiz, P., Sakata, D., Salgado, C. A., Salgueiro Dominques da Silva, R., Salur, S., Samanta, T., Sambyal, S., Samsonov, V., Šándor, L., Sandoval, A., Sano, M., Sano, S., Santo, R., Santoro, R., Sarkamo, J., Saturnini, P., Scapparone, E., Scarlassara, F., Scharenberg, R. P., Schiaua, C., Schicker, R., Schindler, H., Schmidt, C., Schmidt, H. 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S., Willis, N., Windelband, B., Xu, C., Yang, C., Yang, H., Yasnopolsky, A., Yermia, F., Yi, J., Yin, Z., Yokoyama, H., Yoo, I. -K., Yuan, X., Yushmanov, I., Zabrodin, E., Zagreev, B., Zalite, A., Zampolli, C., Zanevsky, Yu., Zaporozhets, S., Zarochentsev, A., Závada, P., Zbroszczyk, H., Zelnicek, P., Zenin, A., Zepeda, A., Zgura, I., Zhalov, M., Zhang, X., Zhou, D., Zhou, S., Zhou, S., Zhu, J., Zichichi, A., Zinchenko, A., Zinovjev, G., Zinovjev, M., Zoccarato, Y., and Zycháček, V. Fri .  
"First proton–proton collisions at the LHC as observed with the ALICE detector: Measurement of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density at $\sqrt{s}=900$  GeV".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-1227-4.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1511316.

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@article{osti_1511316,

  title        = {First proton–proton collisions at the LHC as observed with the ALICE detector: Measurement of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density at $\sqrt{s}=900$  GeV},

  author       = {Aamodt, K. and Abel, N. and Abeysekara, U. and Abrahantes Quintana, A. and Acero, A. and Adamová, D. and Aggarwal, M. M. and Aglieri Rinella, G. and Agocs, A. G. and Aguilar Salazar, S. and Ahammed, Z. and Ahmad, A. and Ahmad, N. and Ahn, S. U. and Akimoto, R. and Akindinov, A. and Aleksandrov, D. and Alessandro, B. and Alfaro Molina, R. and Alici, A. and Almaráz Aviña, E. and Alme, J. and Alt, T. and Altini, V. and Altinpinar, S. and Andrei, C. and Andronic, A. and Anelli, G. and Angelov, V. and Anson, C. and Antičić, T. and Antinori, F. and Antinori, S. and Antipin, K. and Antończyk, D. and Antonioli, P. and Anzo, A. and Aphecetche, L. and Appelshäuser, H. and Arcelli, S. and Arceo, R. and Arend, A. and Armesto, N. and Arnaldi, R. and Aronsson, T. and Arsene, I. C. and Asryan, A. and Augustinus, A. and Averbeck, R. and Awes, T. C. and Äystö, J. and Azmi, M. D. and Bablok, S. and Bach, M. and Badalà, A. and Baek, Y. W. and Bagnasco, S. and Bailhache, R. and Bala, R. and Baldisseri, A. and Baldit, A. and Bán, J. and Barbera, R. and Barnaföldi, G. G. and Barnby, L. and Barret, V. and Bartke, J. and Barile, F. and Basile, M. and Basmanov, V. and Bastid, N. and Bathen, B. and Batigne, G. and Batyunya, B. and Baumann, C. and Bearden, I. G. and Becker, B. and Belikov, I. and Bellwied, R. and Belmont-Moreno, E. and Belogianni, A. and Benhabib, L. and Beole, S. and Berceanu, I. and Bercuci, A. and Berdermann, E. and Berdnikov, Y. and Betev, L. and Bhasin, A. and Bhati, A. K. and Bianchi, L. and Bianchi, N. and Bianchin, C. and Bielčík, J. and Bielčíková, J. and Bilandzic, A. and Bimbot, L. and Biolcati, E. and Blanc, A. and Blanco, F. and Blanco, F. and Blau, D. and Blume, C. and Boccioli, M. and Bock, N. and Bøgdanov, A. and Bøggild, H. and Bogolyubsky, M. and Bohm, J. and Boldizsár, L. and Bombara, M. and Bombonati, C. and Bondila, M. and Borel, H. and Borshchov, V. and Bortolin, C. and Bose, S. and Bosisio, L. and Bossú, F. and Botje, M. and Böttger, S. and Bourdaud, G. and Boyer, B. and Braun, M. and Braun-Munzinger, P. and Bravina, L. and Bregant, M. and Breitner, T. and Bruckner, G. and Brun, R. and Bruna, E. and Bruno, G. E. and Budnikov, D. and Buesching, H. and Bugaev, K. and Buncic, P. and Busch, O. and Buthelezi, Z. and Caffarri, D. and Cai, X. and Caines, H. and Camacho, E. and Camerini, P. and Campbell, M. and Canoa Roman, V. and Capitani, G. P. and Cara Romeo, G. and Carena, F. and Carena, W. and Carminati, F. and Casanova Díaz, A. and Caselle, M. and Castillo Castellanos, J. and Castillo Hernandez, J. F. and Catanescu, V. and Cattaruzza, E. and Cavicchioli, C. and Cerello, P. and Chambert, V. and Chang, B. and Chapeland, S. and Charpy, A. and Charvet, J. L. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Chattopadhyay, S. and Cherney, M. and Cheshkov, C. and Cheynis, B. and Chiavassa, E. and Chibante Barroso, V. and Chinellato, D. D. and Chochula, P. and Choi, K. and Chojnacki, M. and Christakoglou, P. and Christensen, C. H. and Christiansen, P. and Chujo, T. and Chuman, F. and Cicalo, C. and Cifarelli, L. and Cindolo, F. and Cleymans, J. and Cobanoglu, O. and Coffin, J. -P. and Coli, S. and Colla, A. and Conesa Balbastre, G. and Conesa del Valle, Z. and Conner, E. S. and Constantin, P. and Contin, G. and Contreras, J. G. and Corrales Morales, Y. and Cormier, T. M. and Cortese, P. and Cortés Maldonado, I. and Cosentino, M. 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  abstractNote = {On 23rd November 2009, during the early commissioning of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), two counter-rotating proton bunches were circulated for the first time concurrently in the machine, at the LHC injection energy of 450 GeV per beam. Although the proton intensity was very low, with only one pilot bunch per beam, and no systematic attempt was made to optimize the collision optics, all LHC experiments reported a number of collision candidates. In the ALICE experiment, the collision region was centred very well in both the longitudinal and transverse directions and 284 events were recorded in coincidence with the two passing proton bunches. The events were immediately reconstructed and analyzed both online and offline. We have used these events to measure the pseudorapidity density of charged primary particles in the central region. In the range |η|<0.5, we obtain dNch/dη=3. 10±0. 13(stat.)±0.22(syst.) for all inelastic interactions, and dNch/dη=3.51±0. 15(stat.)±0. 25(syst.) for non-single diffractive interactions. These results are consistent with previous measurements in proton-antiproton interactions at the same centre-of-mass energy at the CERN Sp$\bar{p}$S collider. They also illustrate the excellent functioning and rapid progress of the LHC accelerator, and of both the hardware and software of the ALICE experiment, in this early start-up phase.},

  doi          = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-1227-4},

  journal      = {European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields},

  number       = 1-2,

  volume       = 65,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Dec 11 00:00:00 EST 2009},

  month        = {Fri Dec 11 00:00:00 EST 2009}

}

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Fig. 1: The first pp collision candidate shown by the event display in the ALICE counting room (3D view, $r$–$\phi$ and $r$–$z$ projections), the dimensions are shown in cm. The dots correspond to hits in the silicon vertex detectors (SPD, SDD and SSD), the lines correspond to tracks reconstructed usingmore »

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Prino, Francesco
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Commissioning and Prospects for Early Physics with ALICE
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Kuijer, P. G.
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Title: First proton–proton collisions at the LHC as observed with the ALICE detector: Measurement of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density at $$\sqrt{s}=900$$ GeV

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

High energy antiparticle-particle reaction differences and annihilations journal, July 1978

Alice conference, June 2010

Diffraction dissociation at the CERN pulsedpp collider at c.m. Energies of 900 and 200 GeV journal, June 1986

Comparison of p and pp interactions at journal, May 1982

Total and elastic cross-sections and global event characteristics in p̄p and pp collisions at √s=53 GeV conference, January 1982

Scaling of pseudorapidity distributions at c.m. energies up to 0.9 TeV journal, March 1986

Hadron-nucleus interactions and the leading particle effect in a dual-parton model journal, September 1981

Pomeron as quark-gluon strings and multiple hadron production at SPS-Collider energies journal, November 1982

Soft multihadron production from partonic structure and fragmentation functions journal, December 1980

Commissioning and Prospects for Early Physics with ALICE journal, November 2009

ALICE: Physics Performance Report, Volume II journal, September 2006

Hard diffraction in hadron-hadron interactions and in photoproduction journal, August 1995

PYTHIA 6.4 physics and manual journal, May 2006

A study of the general characteristics of proton-antiproton collisions at √s=0.2 to 0.9 TeV journal, May 1990

Multiplicity distributions up to √s = 540 GeV in the dual parton model journal, August 1982

Dual parton model journal, January 1994

Multiparticle production in a two-component dual parton model journal, January 1992

The ALICE Silicon Pixel Detector: readiness for the first proton beam journal, March 2009

Commissioning of the ALICE data acquisition system journal, July 2008

High-energy-physics event generation with PYTHIA 5.7 and JETSET 7.4 journal, August 1994

UA5: A general study of proton-antiproton physics at √s=546 GeV journal, October 1987

LHC Machine journal, August 2008

ALICE: Physics Performance Report, Volume I journal, October 2004

Results from the commissioning of the ALICE Inner Tracking System with cosmics journal, November 2009

The quark-gluon structure of the pomeron and the rise of inclusive spectra at high energies journal, October 1982

Charged particle multiplicity distributions in pp collisions at ISR energies journal, October 1977

Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles produced in p ¯ p interactions as s = 630 and 1800 GeV journal, April 1990

Dual parton model journal, December 2001

ALICE: Physics Performance Report, Volume I journal, October 2004

Results from the commissioning of the ALICE Inner Tracking System with cosmics text, January 2009

Commissioning and Prospects for Early Physics with ALICE text, January 2009

Hard diffraction in hadron--hadron interactions and in photoproduction text, January 1995

Transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 0.9 $ and 2.36 TeV journal, February 2010

Λ c + production in pp collisions at s = 7 $$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ TeV and in p-Pb collisions at s N N = 5.02 $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 $$ TeV journal, April 2018

Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 0.9 $ and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC journal, July 2012

Charged particle pseudorapidity distributions in high energy $$ p{-} \bar{p} $$ or $$ p{-}p $$ collisions and the improved multi-source thermal model journal, October 2012

Charged-particle multiplicities in pp interactions measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC journal, May 2011

Alignment of the ALICE Inner Tracking System with cosmic-ray tracks journal, March 2010

Heavy-ion physics with the ALICE experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider journal, February 2012

Hadron production in p + p , p + Pb , and Pb + Pb collisions with the hijing 2.0 model at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider journal, January 2011

Gluon saturation in p A collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider: Predictions for hadron multiplicities journal, April 2012

Centrality determination of Pb-Pb collisions at s N N = 2.76 TeV with ALICE journal, October 2013

Two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in p p collisions at s = 900 GeV journal, September 2010

Gluon saturation and energy dependence of hadron multiplicity in p p and A A collisions at the LHC journal, June 2011

Measurement of electrons from semileptonic heavy-flavor hadron decays in p p collisions at s = 2.76 TeV journal, January 2015

CGC/saturation approach for high energy soft interactions: v 2 in proton-proton collisions journal, April 2016

Midrapidity Antiproton-to-Proton Ratio in p p Collisons at s = 0.9 and 7 TeV Measured by the ALICE Experiment journal, August 2010

Charged-particle multiplicity measurement in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=0.9$ and 2.36 TeV with ALICE at LHC journal, June 2010

Charged-particle multiplicity measurement in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with ALICE at LHC journal, June 2010

Strange particle production in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=0.9$ $\mbox {${\rm TeV}$}$ with ALICE at the LHC: The ALICE Collaboration journal, March 2011

Production of K∗(892)0 and ϕ(1020) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7\ \mathrm{TeV}$ journal, October 2012

Mid-rapidity anti-baryon to baryon ratios in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 0.9,\ 2.76\mbox{ and }7\mbox{ TeV}$ measured by ALICE journal, July 2013

CGC/saturation approach for soft interactions at high energy: survival probability of central exclusive production journal, March 2016

Charged-particle multiplicities in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 0.9$$ s = 0.9 to 8 TeV journal, January 2017

A CGC/saturation approach for angular correlations in proton–proton scattering journal, September 2017

Evidence of Entropy Scaling in Relativistic Nucleus–Nucleus Collisions journal, July 2012

Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics — Its Past and the Present journal, August 2014

Transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pp collisions at √s = 0.9 and 2.36 TeV text, January 2010

Transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 and 2.36 TeV text, January 2010

Charged-particle multiplicity measurement in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV with ALICE at LHC text, January 2010

CGC/saturation approach for soft interactions at high energy: survival probability of the central exclusive production text, January 2015

Charged-particle multiplicities in pp interactions at sqrt(s) = 900 GeV measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC text, January 2010

Charged-particle multiplicities in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 0.9 to 8 TeV text, January 2015

Charged-particle distributions in $pp$ interactions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV measured with the ATLAS detector text, January 2016

Measuring Charged Particle Multiplicity with Early ATLAS Public Data text, January 2016

High energy antiparticle-particle reaction differences and annihilations
journal, July 1978

Alice
conference, June 2010

Diffraction dissociation at the CERN pulsedpp collider at c.m. Energies of 900 and 200 GeV
journal, June 1986

Comparison of p and pp interactions at
journal, May 1982

Total and elastic cross-sections and global event characteristics in p̄p and pp collisions at √s=53 GeV
conference, January 1982

Scaling of pseudorapidity distributions at c.m. energies up to 0.9 TeV
journal, March 1986

Hadron-nucleus interactions and the leading particle effect in a dual-parton model
journal, September 1981

Pomeron as quark-gluon strings and multiple hadron production at SPS-Collider energies
journal, November 1982

Soft multihadron production from partonic structure and fragmentation functions
journal, December 1980

Commissioning and Prospects for Early Physics with ALICE
journal, November 2009

ALICE: Physics Performance Report, Volume II
journal, September 2006

Hard diffraction in hadron-hadron interactions and in photoproduction
journal, August 1995

PYTHIA 6.4 physics and manual
journal, May 2006

A study of the general characteristics of proton-antiproton collisions at √s=0.2 to 0.9 TeV
journal, May 1990

Multiplicity distributions up to √s = 540 GeV in the dual parton model
journal, August 1982

Dual parton model
journal, January 1994

Multiparticle production in a two-component dual parton model
journal, January 1992

The ALICE Silicon Pixel Detector: readiness for the first proton beam
journal, March 2009

Commissioning of the ALICE data acquisition system
journal, July 2008

High-energy-physics event generation with PYTHIA 5.7 and JETSET 7.4
journal, August 1994

UA5: A general study of proton-antiproton physics at √s=546 GeV
journal, October 1987

LHC Machine
journal, August 2008

ALICE: Physics Performance Report, Volume I
journal, October 2004

Results from the commissioning of the ALICE Inner Tracking System with cosmics
journal, November 2009

The quark-gluon structure of the pomeron and the rise of inclusive spectra at high energies
journal, October 1982

Charged particle multiplicity distributions in pp collisions at ISR energies
journal, October 1977

Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles produced in $\bar{p} p$ interactions as $\sqrt{s} = 630$ and 1800 GeV
journal, April 1990

Dual parton model
journal, December 2001

ALICE: Physics Performance Report, Volume I
journal, October 2004

Results from the commissioning of the ALICE Inner Tracking System with cosmics
text, January 2009

Commissioning and Prospects for Early Physics with ALICE
text, January 2009

Hard diffraction in hadron--hadron interactions and in photoproduction
text, January 1995

Transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 0.9 $ and 2.36 TeV
journal, February 2010

Λ c + production in pp collisions at s = 7 $$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ TeV and in p-Pb collisions at s N N = 5.02 $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 $$ TeV
journal, April 2018

Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 0.9 $ and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
journal, July 2012

Charged particle pseudorapidity distributions in high energy $$ p{-} \bar{p} $$ or $$ p{-}p $$ collisions and the improved multi-source thermal model
journal, October 2012

Charged-particle multiplicities in pp interactions measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
journal, May 2011

Alignment of the ALICE Inner Tracking System with cosmic-ray tracks
journal, March 2010

Heavy-ion physics with the ALICE experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
journal, February 2012

Hadron production in $p + p$ , $p + Pb$ , and $Pb + Pb$ collisions with the hijing 2.0 model at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
journal, January 2011

Gluon saturation in $p A$ collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider: Predictions for hadron multiplicities
journal, April 2012

Centrality determination of Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 2.76$ TeV with ALICE
journal, October 2013

Two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 900 GeV$
journal, September 2010

Gluon saturation and energy dependence of hadron multiplicity in $p p$ and $A A$ collisions at the LHC
journal, June 2011

Measurement of electrons from semileptonic heavy-flavor hadron decays in $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 2.76 TeV$
journal, January 2015

CGC/saturation approach for high energy soft interactions: $v_{2}$ in proton-proton collisions
journal, April 2016

Midrapidity Antiproton-to-Proton Ratio in $p p$ Collisons at $\sqrt{s} = 0.9$ and 7 TeV Measured by the ALICE Experiment
journal, August 2010

Charged-particle multiplicity measurement in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=0.9$ and 2.36 TeV with ALICE at LHC
journal, June 2010

Charged-particle multiplicity measurement in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with ALICE at LHC
journal, June 2010

Strange particle production in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=0.9$ $\mbox {${\rm TeV}$}$ with ALICE at the LHC: The ALICE Collaboration
journal, March 2011

Production of K∗(892)0 and ϕ(1020) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7\ \mathrm{TeV}$
journal, October 2012

Mid-rapidity anti-baryon to baryon ratios in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 0.9,\ 2.76\mbox{ and }7\mbox{ TeV}$ measured by ALICE
journal, July 2013

CGC/saturation approach for soft interactions at high energy: survival probability of central exclusive production
journal, March 2016

Charged-particle multiplicities in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 0.9$$ s = 0.9 to 8 TeV
journal, January 2017

A CGC/saturation approach for angular correlations in proton–proton scattering
journal, September 2017

Evidence of Entropy Scaling in Relativistic Nucleus–Nucleus Collisions
journal, July 2012

Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics — Its Past and the Present
journal, August 2014

Transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pp collisions at √s = 0.9 and 2.36 TeV
text, January 2010

Transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 and 2.36 TeV
text, January 2010

Charged-particle multiplicity measurement in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV with ALICE at LHC
text, January 2010

CGC/saturation approach for soft interactions at high energy: survival probability of the central exclusive production
text, January 2015

Charged-particle multiplicities in pp interactions at sqrt(s) = 900 GeV measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
text, January 2010

Charged-particle multiplicities in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 0.9 to 8 TeV
text, January 2015

Charged-particle distributions in $pp$ interactions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV measured with the ATLAS detector
text, January 2016

Measuring Charged Particle Multiplicity with Early ATLAS Public Data
text, January 2016