Structure and Magnetism of Mn5Ge3 Nanoparticles

Tosun, Onur; Salehi-Fashami, Mohammed; Balasubramanian, Balamurugan; Skomski, Ralph; Sellmyer, David J.; Hadjipanayis, George

doi:10.3390/nano8040241

Title: Structure and Magnetism of Mn₅Ge₃ Nanoparticles

Journal Article · 15 April 2018 · Nanomaterials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8040241 · OSTI ID:1511046

Tosun, Onur ^[1]; Salehi-Fashami, Mohammed ^[1]; Balasubramanian, Balamurugan ^[2]; Skomski, Ralph ^[2]; Sellmyer, David J. ^[2]; Hadjipanayis, George ^[1]

Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience

In this work, we investigated the magnetic and structural properties of isolated Mn₅Ge₃ nanoparticles prepared by the cluster-beam deposition technique. Particles with sizes between 7.2 and 12.6 nm were produced by varying the argon pressure and power in the cluster gun. X-ray diffraction (XRD)and selected area diffraction (SAD) measurements show that the nanoparticles crystallize in the hexagonal Mn₅Si₃-type crystal structure, which is also the structure of bulk Mn₅Ge₃. The temperature dependence of the magnetization shows that the as-made particles are ferromagnetic at room temperature and have slightly different Curie temperatures. Hysteresis-loop measurements show that the saturation magnetization of the nanoparticles increases significantly with particle size, varying from 31 kA/m to 172 kA/m when the particle size increases from 7.2 to 12.6 nm. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K at 50 K, determined by fitting the high-field magnetization data to the law of approach to saturation, also increases with particle size, from 0.4 × 10⁵ J/m³ to 2.9 × 10⁵ J/m³ for the respective sizes. This trend is mirrored by the coercivity at 50 K, which increases from 0.04 T to 0.13 T. A possible explanation for the magnetization trend is a radial Ge concentration gradient.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States); Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-04ER46152; FG02-90ER45413

OSTI ID:: 1511046

Journal Information:: Nanomaterials, Vol. 8, Issue 4; ISSN 2079-4991

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 5 works

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Epitaxial growth of Mn5Ge3/Ge(111) heterostructures for spin injection Olive-Mendez, S.; Spiesser, A.; Michez, L. A. Thin Solid Films, Vol. 517, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2008.08.090	journal	November 2008
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Enhanced spin accumulation and novel magnetotransport in nanoparticles Yakushiji, Kay; Ernult, Franck; Imamura, Hiroshi Nature Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1278	journal	December 2004
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Magnetoresistance of Mn:Ge ferromagnetic nanoclusters in a diluted magnetic semiconductor matrix Park, Y. D.; Wilson, A.; Hanbicki, A. T. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 78, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1369151	journal	April 2001
High anisotropy Sm–Co nanoparticles: Preparation by cluster gun technique and their magnetic properties Stoyanov, S.; Skumryev, V.; Zhang, Y. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 93, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1544503	journal	May 2003
Magnetic order by C-ion implantation into Mn5Si3 and Mn5Ge3 and its lateral modification Sürgers, C.; Potzger, K.; Strache, T. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2969403	journal	August 2008
Spin polarization tuning in Mn5−xFexGe3 Stroppa, A.; Kresse, G.; Continenza, A. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 93, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2977469	journal	September 2008
Structure and magnetism of Ge3Mn5 clusters Jain, A.; Jamet, M.; Barski, A. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 109, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3531222	journal	January 2011
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Growth competition between semiconducting Ge _{1− x} Mn _x nanocolumns and metallic Mn ₅ Ge ₃ clusters Le, Thi-Giang; Dau, Minh-Tuan; Le Thanh, Vinh Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/3/2/025007	journal	April 2012
Thin films from energetic cluster impact: A feasibility study Haberland, Hellmut; Karrais, Martin; Mall, Martin Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.577853	journal	September 1992
A Group-IV Ferromagnetic Semiconductor: MnxGe1-x Park, Y. D. Science, Vol. 295, Issue 5555 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1066348	journal	January 2002
Giant Magnetic Anisotropy of Single Cobalt Atoms and Nanoparticles Gambardella, P. Science, Vol. 300, Issue 5622 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1082857	journal	May 2003
Spin Transfer Torques in MnSi at Ultra-low Current Densities Jonietz, F.; Mühlbauer, S.; Pfleiderer, C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1012.3496	text	January 2010
Magnetic Mn5Ge3 nanocrystals embedded in crystalline Ge: a magnet/semiconductor hybrid synthesized by ion implantation Zhou, Shengqiang; Zhang, Wenxu; Shalimov, A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1211.2070	text	January 2012
Magnetotransport in ferromagnetic Mn5Ge3, Mn5Ge3C0.8, and Mn5Si3C0.8 thin films Sürgers, Christoph; Fischer, Gerda; Winkel, Patrick arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1406.1442	text	January 2014
Self-assembled Mn5Ge3 nanomagnets close to the surface and deep inside a Ge1-xMnx epilayer Lechner, R. T.; Holy, V.; Ahlers, S. Universität Regensburg https://doi.org/10.5283/epub.27789	text	January 2009

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