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Title: Comparison of two Minkowski-space approaches to heavy quarkonia

Abstract

In this work we compare mass spectra and decay constants obtained from two recent, independent, and fully relativistic approaches to the quarkonium bound-state problem: the Basis Light-Front Quantization approach, where light-front wave functions are naturally formulated; and, the Covariant Spectator Theory (CST), based on a reorganization of the Bethe–Salpeter equation. Even though conceptually different, both solutions are obtained in Minkowski space. Comparisons of decay constants for more than ten states of charmonium and bottomonium show favorable agreement between the two approaches as well as with experiment where available. We also apply the Brodsky–Huang–Lepage prescription to convert the CST amplitudes into functions of light-front variables. This provides an ideal opportunity to investigate the similarities and differences at the level of the wave functions. Several qualitative features are observed in remarkable agreement between the two approaches even for the rarely addressed excited states. Leading-twist distribution amplitudes as well as parton distribution functions of heavy quarkonia are also analyzed.

Authors:
ORCiD logo; ; ; ; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States); Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1402251
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1510279
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231; FG02-87ER40371; SC0008485
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields Journal Volume: 77 Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 1434-6044
Publisher:
Springer
Country of Publication:
Germany
Language:
English
Subject:
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

Citation Formats

Leitão, Sofia, Li, Yang, Maris, Pieter, Peña, M. T., Stadler, Alfred, Vary, James P., and Biernat, Elmar P. Comparison of two Minkowski-space approaches to heavy quarkonia. Germany: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5248-0.
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Leitão, Sofia, Li, Yang, Maris, Pieter, Peña, M. T., Stadler, Alfred, Vary, James P., & Biernat, Elmar P. Comparison of two Minkowski-space approaches to heavy quarkonia. Germany. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5248-0
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Leitão, Sofia, Li, Yang, Maris, Pieter, Peña, M. T., Stadler, Alfred, Vary, James P., and Biernat, Elmar P. Mon . "Comparison of two Minkowski-space approaches to heavy quarkonia". Germany. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5248-0.
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@article{osti_1402251,
title = {Comparison of two Minkowski-space approaches to heavy quarkonia},
author = {Leitão, Sofia and Li, Yang and Maris, Pieter and Peña, M. T. and Stadler, Alfred and Vary, James P. and Biernat, Elmar P.},
abstractNote = {In this work we compare mass spectra and decay constants obtained from two recent, independent, and fully relativistic approaches to the quarkonium bound-state problem: the Basis Light-Front Quantization approach, where light-front wave functions are naturally formulated; and, the Covariant Spectator Theory (CST), based on a reorganization of the Bethe–Salpeter equation. Even though conceptually different, both solutions are obtained in Minkowski space. Comparisons of decay constants for more than ten states of charmonium and bottomonium show favorable agreement between the two approaches as well as with experiment where available. We also apply the Brodsky–Huang–Lepage prescription to convert the CST amplitudes into functions of light-front variables. This provides an ideal opportunity to investigate the similarities and differences at the level of the wave functions. Several qualitative features are observed in remarkable agreement between the two approaches even for the rarely addressed excited states. Leading-twist distribution amplitudes as well as parton distribution functions of heavy quarkonia are also analyzed.},
doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5248-0},
journal = {European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields},
number = 10,
volume = 77,
place = {Germany},
year = {Mon Oct 23 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Mon Oct 23 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5248-0
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Kroll, Peter; Metz, Andreas</span> </li> <li> Physical Review D, Vol. 85, Issue 5</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.85.051502" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1103/PhysRevD.85.051502<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.074007" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Covariant spectator theory of quark-antiquark bound states: Mass spectra and vertex functions of heavy and heavy-light mesons<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2017-10-01">October 2017</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Leitão, Sofia; Stadler, Alfred; Peña, M. T.</span> </li> <li> Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 7</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.074007" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1103/PhysRevD.96.074007<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40975-5_4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Heavy Quarks on the Lattice<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">book</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2004-08-13">August 2004</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> McNeile, Craig</span> </li> <li> Heavy Quark Physics</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40975-5_4" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1007/978-3-540-40975-5_4<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00601-010-0105-9" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Covariant Spectator Theory: Foundations and Applications: A Mini-Review of the Covariant Spectator Theory<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2010-10-17">October 2010</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Stadler, Alfred; Gross, Franz</span> </li> <li> Few-Body Systems, Vol. 49, Issue 1-4</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00601-010-0105-9" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1007/s00601-010-0105-9<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00601-017-1215-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">The CST: Its Achievements and Its Connection to the Light Cone<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2017-01-19">January 2017</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Gross, Franz</span> </li> <li> Few-Body Systems, Vol. 58, Issue 2</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00601-017-1215-4" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1007/s00601-017-1215-4<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> <div> <h2 class="title" style="margin-bottom:0;" data-apporder=""> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-4616-0" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="name">Euclidean to Minkowski Bethe–Salpeter amplitude and observables<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase; font-size:0.75rem;"><br/> <span class="type">journal</span>, <span class="date" data-date="2017-01-01">January 2017</span></small> </h2> <ul class="small references-list" style="list-style-type:none; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 0; line-height:1.8em;"> <li> <span style="color:#5C7B2D;"> Carbonell, J.; Frederico, T.; Karmanov, V. A.</span> </li> <li> The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 77, Issue 1</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-4616-0" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-4616-0<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> </div> <div class="pagination-container small"> <a class="pure-button prev page" href="#" rel="prev"><span class="sr-only">Previous Page</span><span class="fa fa-angle-left"></span></a> <ul class="pagination d-inline-block" style="padding-left:.2em;"></ul> <a class="pure-button next page" href="#" rel="next"><span class="sr-only">Next Page</span><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 order-sm-3"> <ul class="nav nav-stacked"> <li class="active"><a href="" class="reference-type-filter tab-nav" data-tab="biblio-references" data-filter="type" data-pattern="*"><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span> All References</a></li> <li class="small" style="margin-left:.75em; text-transform:capitalize;"><a href="" class="reference-type-filter tab-nav" data-tab="biblio-references" data-filter="type" data-pattern="book"><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span> book<small class="text-muted"> (1)</small></a></li> <li class="small" style="margin-left:.75em; text-transform:capitalize;"><a href="" class="reference-type-filter tab-nav" data-tab="biblio-references" data-filter="type" data-pattern="journal"><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span> journal<small class="text-muted"> (60)</small></a></li> </ul> <div style="margin-top:2em;"> <form class="pure-form small text-muted reference-search"> <label for="reference-search-text" class="sr-only">Search</label> <input class="search form-control pure-input-1" id="reference-search-text" placeholder="Search" style="margin-bottom:10px;" /> <fieldset aria-label="Sort By"> <legend class="legend-filters sr-only">Sort by:</legend> <div style="margin-left:1em; font-weight:normal; line-height: 1.6em;"><input type="radio" class="sort" name="references-sort" data-sort="name" style="position:relative;top:2px;" id="reference-search-sort-name"><label for="reference-search-sort-name" style="margin-left: .3em;">Sort by title</label></div> <div style="margin-left:1em; font-weight:normal; line-height: 1.6em;"><input type="radio" class="sort" name="references-sort" data-sort="date" data-order="desc" style="position:relative;top:2px;" id="reference-search-sort-date"><label for="reference-search-sort-date" style="margin-left: .3em;">Sort by date</label></div> </fieldset> <div class="text-left" style="margin-left:1em;"> <a href="" class="filter-clear clearfix" title="Clear filter / sort" style="font-weight:normal; float:none;">[ × clear filter / sort ]</a> </div> <input type="submit" id="sort_submit_references" name="submit" aria-label="submit" style="display: none;"/> </form> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="biblio-related" class="tab-content tab-content-sec " data-tab="biblio"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-9 order-sm-9"> <section id="biblio-similar" class="tab-content tab-content-sec active" data-tab="related"> <div class="padding"> <p class="lead text-muted" style="font-size: 18px; margin-top:0px;">Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:</p> <aside> <ul class="item-list" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ItemList" style="padding-left:0; list-style-type: none;"> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="1" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/pages/biblio/1536337-quarkonium-relativistic-bound-state-light-front" itemprop="url">Quarkonium as a relativistic bound state on the light front</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Li, Yang</span> ; <span class="author">Maris, Pieter</span> ; <span class="author">Vary, James P.</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - Physical Review. D.</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">We study charmonium and bottomonium as relativistic bound states in a light-front quantized Hamiltonian formalism. The effective Hamiltonian is based on light-front holography. We use a recently proposed longitudinal confinement to complete the soft-wall holographic potential for the heavy flavors. The spin structure is generated from the one-gluon exchange interaction with a running coupling. The adoption of asymptotic freedom improves the spectroscopy compared with previous light-front results. Within this model, we compute the mass spectroscopy, decay constants and the r.m.s. radii. We also present a detailed study of the obtained light-front wave functions and use the wave functions to compute<a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().next().show().next().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a><span style='display:none;'> the light-cone distributions, specifically the distribution amplitudes and parton distribution functions. Overall, our model provides a reasonable description of the heavy quarkonia.</span><a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().prev().hide().prev().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;display:none;'>« less</a></div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <span class="fa fa-book text-muted" aria-hidden="true"></span> Cited by 17<div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.96.016022" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="1536337" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="AM" >https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.96.016022</a></span></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc fulltext-link " href="/pages/servlets/purl/1536337" title="Link to document media" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-ostiid="1536337" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="AM" >Full Text Available</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="2" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/pages/biblio/1603457-heavy-quarkonia-production-energies-available-cern-large-hadron-collider-future-electron-ion-colliding-facilities-using-basis-light-front-quantization-wave-functions" itemprop="url">Heavy quarkonia production at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and future electron-ion colliding facilities using basis light-front quantization wave functions</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Chen, Guangyao</span> ; <span class="author">Li, Yang</span> ; <span class="author">Tuchin, Kirill</span> ; <span class="author">...</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - Physical Review C</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">We study here exclusive charmonium and bottomonium production in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions and electron-ion collisions within the dipole picture. We employ heavy quarkonium light-front wave functions obtained within the basis light-front quantization framework, which has some features of the light-front holographic QCD. We focus on comparison with measurements of exclusive charmonium and bottomonium production in ultraperipheral pp, pPb, and PbPb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and find reasonable agreement with the cross sections. We also discuss the coherent production cross-section ratios of excited states to the ground state for charmonium and bottomonium, which exhibit insensitivity to the dipole<a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().next().show().next().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a><span style='display:none;'> model parameters. We demonstrate that electron-ion collisions provide an opportunity for a quantitative study of heavy quarkonium structure.</span><a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().prev().hide().prev().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;display:none;'>« less</a></div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <span class="fa fa-book text-muted" aria-hidden="true"></span> Cited by 8<div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.100.025208" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="1603457" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="AM" >https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.100.025208</a></span></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc fulltext-link " href="/pages/servlets/purl/1603457" title="Link to document media" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-ostiid="1603457" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="AM" >Full Text Available</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="3" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/pages/biblio/1251523-heavy-quarkonium-holographic-basis" itemprop="url">Heavy quarkonium in a holographic basis</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Li, Yang</span> ; <span class="author">Maris, Pieter</span> ; <span class="author">Zhao, Xingbo</span> ; <span class="author">...</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - Physics Letters B</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">Here, we study the heavy quarkonium within the basis light-front quantization approach. We implement the one-gluon exchange interaction and a confining potential inspired by light-front holography. We adopt the holographic light-front wavefunction (LFWF) as our basis function and solve the non-perturbative dynamics by diagonalizing the Hamiltonian matrix. We obtain the mass spectrum for charmonium and bottomonium. With the obtained LFWFs, we also compute the decay constants and the charge form factors for selected eigenstates. The results are compared with the experimental measurements and with other established methods.</div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <span class="fa fa-book text-muted" aria-hidden="true"></span> Cited by 64<div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2016.04.065" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="1251523" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="PA" >https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2016.04.065</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="5" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/pages/biblio/1466449-radiative-transitions-between-heavy-quarkonia-light-front" itemprop="url">Radiative transitions between <math> <msup> <mn>0</mn> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> </math> and <math> <msup> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </math> heavy quarkonia on the light front</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Li, Meijian</span> ; <span class="author">Li, Yang</span> ; <span class="author">Maris, Pieter</span> ; <span class="author">...</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - Physical Review D</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">We present calculations of radiative transitions between vector and pseudoscalar quarkonia in the light-front Hamiltonian approach. The valence sector light-front wave functions of heavy quarkonia are obtained from the Basis Light-Front Quantization approach in a holographic basis. We study the transition form factor with both the traditional “good current” J<sup>+</sup> and the transverse current<a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().next().show().next().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a><span style='display:none;'> $$→\atop{J}_⊥$$ (in particular, J<sup>R</sup> = J<sup>x</sup> + iJ<sup>y</sup>). This allows us to investigate the role of rotational symmetry by considering vector mesons with different magnetic projections (m<sub>j</sub> = 0 , ± 1 ). We use the m<sub>j</sub> = 0 state of the vector meson to obtain the transition form factor, since this procedure employs the dominant spin components of the light-front wave functions and is more robust in practical calculations. While the m<sub>j</sub> = ± 1 states are also examined, transition form factors depend on subdominant components of the light-front wave functions and are less robust. Transitions between states below the open-flavor thresholds are computed, including those for excited states. Comparisons are made with the experimental measurements, as well as with lattice QCD and quark model results. In addition, we apply the transverse current to calculate the decay constant of vector mesons where we obtain consistent results using either m<sub>j</sub> = 0 or m<sub>j</sub> = 1 light-front wave functions. This consistency provides evidence for features of rotational symmetry within the model.</span><a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().prev().hide().prev().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;display:none;'>« less</a></div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <span class="fa fa-book text-muted" aria-hidden="true"></span> Cited by 18<div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.98.034024" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="1466449" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="PA" >https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.98.034024</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="7" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/pages/biblio/1609527-bc-mesons-properties-light-front" itemprop="url"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> mesons and their properties on the light front</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Tang, Shuo</span> ; <span class="author">Li, Yang</span> ; <span class="author">Maris, Pieter</span> ; <span class="author">...</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - Physical Review D</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">We investigate the unequal-mass relativistic bound-state system, the B<sub>c</sub> mesons, in a light-front Hamiltonian formalism. We adopt an effective Hamiltonian based on soft-wall light-front holography, together with a longitudinal confinement that was first introduced for heavy quarkonium. We also include the one-gluon-exchange interaction with a running coupling, which produces the spin structure. Here, we present the mass spectrum and light-front wave functions. We also use the light-front wave functions to calculate decay constants, charge and momentum densities, as well as distribution amplitudes. The results are compared with experiments and other theoretical approaches, all of which are in reasonable agreement.</div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <span class="fa fa-book text-muted" aria-hidden="true"></span> Cited by 22<div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.98.114038" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="1609527" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="AM" >https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.98.114038</a></span></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc fulltext-link " href="/pages/servlets/purl/1609527" title="Link to document media" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-ostiid="1609527" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="AM" >Full Text Available</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> </ul> </aside> </div> </section> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 order-sm-3"> <ul class="nav nav-stacked"> <li class="active"><a class="tab-nav disabled" data-tab="related" style="color: #636c72 !important; 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