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Title: Fluctuations in cool quark matter and the phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics

Abstract

Here, we consider the phase diagram of hadronic matter as a function of temperature,T, and baryon chemical potential, μ. Currently the dominant paradigm is a line of first order transitions which ends at a critical endpoint.

Authors:
; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1509773
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1504875
Report Number(s):
BNL-211498-2019-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010; PRVDAQ; 074025
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0012704
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Physical Review D
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Physical Review D Journal Volume: 99 Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 2470-0010
Publisher:
American Physical Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY

Citation Formats

Pisarski, Robert D., Skokov, Vladimir V., and Tsvelik, Alexei M. Fluctuations in cool quark matter and the phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.99.074025.
Pisarski, Robert D., Skokov, Vladimir V., & Tsvelik, Alexei M. Fluctuations in cool quark matter and the phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.074025
Pisarski, Robert D., Skokov, Vladimir V., and Tsvelik, Alexei M. Mon . "Fluctuations in cool quark matter and the phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.074025.
@article{osti_1509773,
title = {Fluctuations in cool quark matter and the phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics},
author = {Pisarski, Robert D. and Skokov, Vladimir V. and Tsvelik, Alexei M.},
abstractNote = {Here, we consider the phase diagram of hadronic matter as a function of temperature,T, and baryon chemical potential, μ. Currently the dominant paradigm is a line of first order transitions which ends at a critical endpoint.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevD.99.074025},
journal = {Physical Review D},
number = 7,
volume = 99,
place = {United States},
year = {2019},
month = {4}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.99.074025

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Cited by: 18 works
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F.; Scalapino, D. J.</span> </li> <li> Physical Review D, Vol. 8, Issue 4</li> <li> <span class="text-muted related-url">DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.8.1260" class="text-muted" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.1103/physrevd.8.1260<span class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></span> </li> </ul> <hr/> </div> </div> <div class="pagination-container small"> <a class="pure-button prev page" href="#" rel="prev"><span class="sr-only">Previous Page</span><span class="fa fa-angle-left"></span></a> <ul class="pagination d-inline-block" style="padding-left:.2em;"></ul> <a class="pure-button next page" href="#" rel="next"><span class="sr-only">Next Page</span><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 order-sm-3"> <ul class="nav nav-stacked"> <li class="active"><a href="" class="reference-type-filter tab-nav" data-tab="biblio-references" data-filter="type" data-pattern="*"><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span> All References</a></li> <li class="small" style="margin-left:.75em; 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float:none;">[ × clear filter / sort ]</a> </div> <input type="submit" id="sort_submit_references" name="submit" aria-label="submit" style="display: none;"/> </form> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="biblio-related" class="tab-content tab-content-sec " data-tab="biblio"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-9 order-sm-9"> <section id="biblio-similar" class="tab-content tab-content-sec active" data-tab="related"> <div class="padding"> <p class="lead text-muted" style="font-size: 18px; margin-top:0px;">Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:</p> <aside> <ul class="item-list" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ItemList" style="padding-left:0; list-style-type: none;"> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="1" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/pages/biblio/1598592-indications-critical-end-point-phase-diagram-hot-dense-nuclear-matter" itemprop="url">Indications for a Critical End Point in the Phase Diagram for Hot and Dense Nuclear Matter</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Lacey, Roy A.</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - Physical Review Letters</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">Here, exci<a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().next().show().next().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a><span style='display:none;'> tation functions for the Gaussian emission source radii difference ( <math> <msubsup> <mi> R </mi> <mtext> out </mtext> <mn> 2 </mn> </msubsup><mo> - </mo><msubsup> <mi> R </mi> <mtext> side </mtext> <mn> 2 </mn> </msubsup> </math>) obtained from two-pion interferometry measurements in <math> <mi> Au </mi><mo> + </mo><mi> Au </mi> </math> ( <math> <mrow> <msqrt> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi> s </mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi> N </mi> <mi> N </mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msqrt> <mo> = </mo> <mn> 7.7 </mn> <mi> – </mi> <mn> 200 </mn> <mtext></mtext> <mtext></mtext> <mi> GeV </mi> </mrow> </math>) and <math> <mi> Pb </mi><mo> + </mo><mi> Pb </mi> </math> ( <math> <mrow> <msqrt> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi> s </mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi> N </mi> <mi> N </mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msqrt> <mo> = </mo> <mn> 2.76 </mn> <mtext></mtext> <mtext></mtext> <mi> TeV </mi> </mrow> </math>) collisions are reported on for a broad range of collision centralities. The observed nonmonotonic excitation functions validate the finite-size scaling patterns expected for the deconfinement phase transition and the critical end point (CEP), in the temperature versus baryon chemical potential ( <math> <mi> T </mi><mo> , </mo><msub> <mi> μ </mi> <mi> B </mi> </msub> </math>) plane of the nuclear matter phase diagram. A finite-size scaling (FSS) analysis of these data suggests a second order phase transition with the estimates <math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi> T </mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi> cep </mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo> ~ </mo> <mn> 165 </mn> <mtext></mtext> <mtext></mtext> <mi> MeV </mi> </mrow> </math> and <math> <msubsup> <mi> μ </mi> <mi> B </mi> <mi> cep </mi> </msubsup><mo> ~ </mo><mn> 95 </mn><mtext></mtext><mtext></mtext><mi> MeV </mi> </math> for the location of the critical end point. The critical exponents ( <math> <mi> ν </mi><mo> ≈ </mo><mn> 0.66 </mn> </math> and <math> <mi> γ </mi><mo> ≈ </mo><mn> 1.2 </mn> </math>) extracted via the same FSS analysis place this CEP in the 3D Ising model universality class.</span><a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().prev().hide().prev().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;display:none;'>« less</a></div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <span class="fa fa-book text-muted" aria-hidden="true"></span> Cited by 70<div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.142301" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="1598592" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="AM" >https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.142301</a></span></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc fulltext-link " href="/pages/servlets/purl/1598592" title="Link to document media" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-ostiid="1598592" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="AM" >Full Text Available</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="2" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/biblio/20774806-phase-diagram-neutral-quark-matter-nonlocal-chiral-quark-models" itemprop="url">Phase diagram of neutral quark matter in nonlocal chiral quark models</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Gomez Dumm, D Gomez</span> ; <span class="author">Gesellschaft fuer Schwerionenforschung</span> ; <span class="author">Blaschke, D B</span> ; <span class="author">...</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - Physical Review. D, Particles Fields</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">We consider the phase diagram of two-flavor quark matter under neutron star constraints for two nonlocal, covariant quark models within the mean-field approximation. In the first case (Model I) the nonlocality arises from the regularization procedure, motivated by the instanton liquid model, whereas in the second one (Model II) a separable approximation of the one-gluon exchange interaction is applied. We find that Model II predicts a larger quark mass gap and a chiral symmetry breaking (CSB) phase transition line which extends 15-20% further into the phase diagram spanned by temperature (T) and chemical potential ({mu}). The corresponding critical temperature at<a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().next().show().next().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a><span style='display:none;'> {mu}=0, T{sub c}(0){approx_equal}140 MeV, is in better accordance to recent lattice QCD results than the prediction of the standard local NJL model, which exceeds 200 MeV. For both Model I and Model II we have considered various coupling strengths in the scalar diquark channel, showing that different low-temperature quark matter phases can occur at intermediate densities: a normal quark matter (NQM) phase, a two-flavor superconducting (2SC) quark matter phase and a mixed 2SC-NQM phase. Although in most cases there is also a gapless 2SC phase, this occurs in general in a small region at nonzero temperatures, thus its effect should be negligible for compact star applications.</span><a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().prev().hide().prev().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;display:none;'>« less</a></div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.73.114019" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="20774806" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="" >https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.73.114019</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="4" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/pages/biblio/1437871-light-nuclei-production-probe-qcd-phase-diagram" itemprop="url">Light nuclei production as a probe of the QCD phase diagram</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Sun, Kai-Jia</span> ; <span class="author">Chen, Lie-Wen</span> ; <span class="author">Ko, Che Ming</span> ; <span class="author">...</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - Physics Letters B</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">It is generally believed that the quark-hadron transition at small values of baryon chemical potentials µ<sub>B</sub> is a crossover but changes to a first-order phase transition with an associated critical endpoint (CEP) as µ<sub>B</sub> increases. Such a µ<sub>B</sub>-dependent quark-hadron transition is expected to result in a double-peak structure in the collision energy dependence of the baryon density fluctuation in heavy-ion collisions with one at lower energy due to the spinodal instability during the first-order phase transition and another at higher energy due to the critical fluctuations in the vicinity of the CEP. By analyzing the data on the p, d and <sup>3</sup>H yields in central heavy-ion collisions within the coalescence model for light nuclei production, we find that the relative neutron density fluctuation Δρ<sub>n</sub> =<a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().next().show().next().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a><span style='display:none;'> $$\langle$$(δρ<sub>n</sub>)<sup>2</sup>$$\rangle$$/$$\langle$$ρn<sup>2</sup>$$\rangle$$ at kinetic freeze-out indeed displays a clear peak at $$\sqrt{s}$$$$_ {NN}$$ = 8.8 GeV and a possible strong re-enhancement at $$\sqrt{s}$$$$_ {NN}$$ = 4.86 GeV. Thus, our findings provide a strong support for the existence of a first-order phase transition at large µ<sub>B</sub> and its critical endpoint at a smaller µ<sub>B</sub> in the temperature versus baryon chemical potential plane of the QCD phase diagram.</span><a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().prev().hide().prev().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;display:none;'>« less</a></div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <span class="fa fa-book text-muted" aria-hidden="true"></span> Cited by 51<div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.04.035" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="1437871" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="PA" >https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.04.035</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="5" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/biblio/20933244-phase-diagram-finite-temperature-quark-density-strong-coupling-limit-lattice-qcd-color-su" itemprop="url">Phase diagram at finite temperature and quark density in the strong coupling limit of lattice QCD for color SU(3)</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Kawamoto, N</span> ; <span class="author">Miura, K</span> ; <span class="author">Ohnishi, A</span> ; <span class="author">...</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - Physical Review. D, Particles Fields</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">We study the phase diagram of quark matter at finite temperature (T) and chemical potential ({mu}) in the strong coupling limit of lattice QCD for color SU(3). We derive an analytical expression of the effective free energy as a function of T and {mu}, including baryon effects. The finite temperature effects are evaluated by integrating over the temporal link variable exactly in the Polyakov gauge with an antiperiodic boundary condition for fermions. The obtained phase diagram shows the first and the second order phase transition at low and high temperatures, respectively, and those are separated by the tricritical point in<a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().next().show().next().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a><span style='display:none;'> the chiral limit. Baryon has effects to reduce the effective free energy and to extend the hadron phase to a larger {mu} direction at low temperatures.</span><a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().prev().hide().prev().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;display:none;'>« less</a></div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVD.75.014502" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="20933244" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="" >https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVD.75.014502</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="article item document" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"><meta itemprop="position" content="6" /><div class="item-info"> <h2 class="title" itemprop="name headline"><a href="/biblio/20705810-baryon-asymmetry-dark-matter-quantum-chromodynamics" itemprop="url">Baryon asymmetry, dark matter, and quantum chromodynamics</a></h2> <div class="metadata"> <small class="text-muted" style="text-transform:uppercase;display:block;line-height:2.5em;">Journal Article</small><span class="authors"> <span class="author">Oaknin, D H</span> ; <span class="author">Zhitnitsky, A</span> <span class="text-muted pubdata"> - Physical Review. D, Particles Fields</span> </span> </div> <div class="abstract">We propose a novel scenario to explain the observed cosmological asymmetry between matter and antimatter, based on nonperturbative QCD physics. This scenario relies on a mechanism of separation of quarks and antiquarks in two coexisting phases at the end of the cosmological QCD phase transition: ordinary hadrons (and antihadrons), along with massive lumps (and antilumps) of novel color superconducting phase. The latter would serve as the cosmological cold dark matter. In certain conditions the separation of charge is C and CP asymmetric and can leave a net excess of hadrons over antihadrons in the conventional phase, even if the visible<a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().next().show().next().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a><span style='display:none;'> universe is globally baryon symmetric B=0. In this case an equal, but negative, overall baryon charge must be hidden in the lumps of novel phase. Because of the small volume occupied by these dense lumps/antilumps of color superconducting phase and the specific features of their interaction with normal matter in hadronic phase, this scenario does not contradict the current phenomenological constrains on presence of antimatter in the visible universe. Moreover, in this scenario the observed cosmological ratio {omega}{sub DM}{approx}{omega}{sub B} within an order of magnitude finds a natural explanation, as both contributions to {omega} originated from the same physics during the QCD phase transition. The baryon to entropy ratio n{sub B}/n{sub {gamma}}{approx}10{sup -10} would also be a natural outcome, fixed by the temperature T{sub f} < or approx. T{sub QCD} at which the separation of phases is completed.</span><a href='#' onclick='$(this).hide().prev().hide().prev().show();return false;' style='margin-left:10px;display:none;'>« less</a></div><div class="metadata-links small clearfix text-muted" style="margin-top:15px;"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pull-right" style="width:unset;"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><span class="item-info-ftlink"><a class="misc doi-link " href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.71.023519" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Link to document DOI" data-ostiid="20705810" data-product-type="Journal Article" data-product-subtype="" >https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.71.023519</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> </ul> </aside> </div> </section> </div> <div class="col-sm-3 order-sm-3"> <ul class="nav nav-stacked"> <li class="active"><a class="tab-nav disabled" data-tab="related" style="color: #636c72 !important; opacity: 1;"><span class="fa fa-angle-right"></span> Similar Records</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </div></div> </div> </div> </section> <footer class="" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <div class="footer-minor"> <div class="container"> <hr class="footer-separator"/> <br/> <div class="col text-center mt-3"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal"> <ul class="pure-menu-list" id="footer-org-menu"> <li class="pure-menu-item"> <a href="https://energy.gov" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" class="sprite sprite-footer-us-doe-min" alt="U.S. Department of Energy" /> </a> </li> <li class="pure-menu-item"> <a href="https://www.energy.gov/science/office-science" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" class="sprite sprite-footer-office-of-science-min" alt="Office of Science" /> </a> </li> <li class="pure-menu-item"> <a href="https://www.osti.gov" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" class="sprite sprite-footer-osti-min" alt="Office of Scientific and Technical Information" /> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col text-center small" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom:2.0rem;"> <div class="row justify-content-center" style="color:white"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal" style='white-space:normal'> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a href="https://www.osti.gov/disclaim" class="pure-menu-link" target="_blank" ref="noopener noreferrer"><span class="fa fa-institution"></span> Website Policies <span class="d-none d-sm-inline d-print-none" style="color:#737373;">/ Important Links</span></a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item" style='float:none;'><a href="/pages/contact" class="pure-menu-link"><span class="fa fa-comments-o"></span>Contact Us</a></li> <li class="d-block d-md-none mb-1"></li> <li class="pure-menu-item" style='float:none;'><a target="_blank" title="Vulnerability Disclosure Program" class="pure-menu-link" href="https://doe.responsibledisclosure.com/hc/en-us" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vulnerability Disclosure Program</a></li> <li class="d-block d-lg-none mb-1"></li> <li class="pure-menu-item" style="float:none;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/ostigov" target="_blank" class="pure-menu-link social ext fa fa-facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="sr-only" style="background-color: #fff; color: #333;">Facebook</span></a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item" style="float:none;"><a href="https://twitter.com/OSTIgov" target="_blank" class="pure-menu-link social ext fa fa-twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="sr-only" style="background-color: #fff; color: #333;">Twitter</span></a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item" style="float:none;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/ostigov" target="_blank" class="pure-menu-link social ext fa fa-youtube-play" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="sr-only" style="background-color: #fff; color: #333;">Youtube</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <link href="/pages/css/pages.fonts.231205.1954.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="/pages/js/pages.231205.1954.js"></script><noscript></noscript> <script defer src="/pages/js/pages.biblio.231205.1954.js"></script><noscript></noscript> <script defer src="/pages/js/lity.js"></script><noscript></noscript> </body> <!-- DOE PAGES v.231205.1954 --> </html>