Effect of HCO3- on electrochemical kinetics of carbon steel corrosion in CO2-saturated brines

Wright, Ruishu F.; Brand, Edward R.; Ziomek-Moroz, Margaret; Tylczak, Joseph H.; Ohodnicki, Jr., Paul R.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.114

Title: Effect of HCO₃^- on electrochemical kinetics of carbon steel corrosion in CO₂-saturated brines

Journal Article · 19 September 2018 · Electrochimica Acta

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.114 · OSTI ID:1509718

Wright, Ruishu F. ^[1]; Brand, Edward R. ^[2]; Ziomek-Moroz, Margaret ^[3]; Tylczak, Joseph H. ^[3]; Ohodnicki, Jr., Paul R. ^[4]

National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Pittsburgh, PA, (United States); AECOM, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Pittsburgh, PA, (United States)
National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Albany, OR (United States)
National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Pittsburgh, PA, (United States); Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

The effect of HCO₃^–(aq) on CO₂ corrosion of carbon steel was investigated in deaerated 3.5 wt% NaCl solutions at 30 °C from pH 3.96 to 7.15. In the CO₂-saturated solutions, the pH was adjusted with different HCO₃^–(aq) concentrations, c[HCO₃^–(aq)]. The corrosion rate decreased by a factor of 2 as the pH and c[HCO₃^–(aq)] increased. The cathodic current density during polarization increased at higher pH with higher c[HCO₃^–(aq)], indicating that HCO₃^–(aq) acted as an additional hydrogen source for the hydrogen evolution reaction. As the pH increased, the active dissolution regions displayed similar anodic Tafel slopes and suggested a modified Bockris mechanism for the Fe oxidation reaction. The exchange current densities for the half reactions were calculated to study kinetics of the anodic and cathodic half reactions independently. The anodic exchange current density (j_0,a) increased by one order of magnitude in the presence of CO₂, indicating the involvement of CO₂(aq) in the Fe oxidation reaction. As the pH and c[HCO₃^–(aq)] increased, the cathodic exchange current density (j_0,c) decreased by a factor of 50 because the increase in j_0,c[HCO₃^–(aq)] was not high enough to compensate the decline from the other hydrogen sources, especially j_0,c[H⁺(aq)]; and j_0,a decreased by a factor of 2.4 because HCO₃^–(aq) may have competed with CO₂(aq) for the surface coverage and the increase in j_0,a[CO₂(aq)] could not compensate the decrease in j_0,a[CO₂(aq)]. It suggests that the reaction rate constant of HCO₃^–(aq) was smaller than CO₂(aq) for the anodic half reaction and was smaller than H⁺(aq) for the cathodic half reaction. The XPS results verified that the corrosion products transitioned from iron carbonate to hydroxide as the pH increased while iron carbonate remained the major product. As the pH increased with HCO₃^–(aq), a second time constant was observed at lower frequencies of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

View Accepted Manuscript (Publisher)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), Pittsburgh, PA, Morgantown, WV, and Albany, OR (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: FE; USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: FE0004000

OSTI ID:: 1509718

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1635818

Report Number(s):: NETL-PUB-22327

Journal Information:: Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 290, Issue C; ISSN 0013-4686

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 53 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (42)

A Mechanistic Model for Carbon Dioxide Corrosion of Mild Steel in the Presence of Protective Iron Carbonate Films—Part 1: Theory and Verification Nordsveen, M.; Nešić, S.; Nyborg, R. CORROSION, Vol. 59, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3277576	journal	May 2003
Electrochemical Model of Mild Steel Corrosion in a Mixed H ₂ S/CO ₂ Aqueous Environment in the Absence of Protective Corrosion Product Layers Zheng, Yougui; Ning, Jing; Brown, Bruce CORROSION, Vol. 71, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5006/1287	journal	March 2015
Modeling the Properties of H2S/CO2/Salt/Water Systems in Wide Ranges of Temperature and Pressure Springer, Ronald D.; Wang, Peiming; Anderko, Andrzej SPE Journal, Vol. 20, Issue 05 https://doi.org/10.2118/173902-PA	journal	October 2015
A speciation-based model for mixed-solvent electrolyte systems Wang, Peiming; Anderko, Andrzej; Young, Robert D. Fluid Phase Equilibria, Vol. 203, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3812(02)00178-4	journal	December 2002
Corrosion, Passivity, and Pitting of Carbon Steel in Aqueous Solutions of HCO ₃ ⁻ , CO ₂ , and Cl ⁻ Videm, K.; Koren, A. M. CORROSION, Vol. 49, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3316127	journal	September 1993
Some Observations on Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Aqueous Environments Containing Carbon Dioxide Ogundele, G. I.; White, W. E. CORROSION, Vol. 42, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3584888	journal	February 1986
The anodic dissolution process on active iron in alkaline solutions Dražić, D. M.; Hao, Chen Shen Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 27, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(82)80031-5	journal	October 1982
Electrochemical Growth of Iron Sulfide Films in H ₂ S-Saturated Chloride Media Vedage, H.; Ramanarayanan, T. A.; Mumford, J. D. CORROSION, Vol. 49, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3299205	journal	February 1993
Comparison of corrosion behaviour for X-65 carbon steel in supercritical CO2-saturated water and water-saturated/unsaturated supercritical CO2 Hua, Yong; Barker, Richard; Neville, Anne The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Vol. 97 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2014.12.005	journal	February 2015
Corrosion of Iron in an H ₂ S-CO ₂ -H ₂ O System Mechanism of Sulfide Film Formation and Kinetics of Corrosion Reaction Sardisco, J. B.; Pitts, R. E. CORROSION, Vol. 21, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-21.8.245	journal	August 1965
On the fundamentals of electrochemical corrosion of X65 steel in CO2-containing formation water in the presence of acetic acid in petroleum production Zhang, G. A.; Cheng, Y. F. Corrosion Science, Vol. 51, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2008.10.013	journal	January 2009
An Electrochemical Model for Prediction of Corrosion of Mild Steel in Aqueous Carbon Dioxide Solutions Nesic, S.; Postlethwaite, J.; Olsen, S. CORROSION, Vol. 52, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3293640	journal	April 1996
Effects of a magnetic field on the anodic dissolution, passivation and transpassivation behaviour of iron in weakly alkaline solutions with or without halides Lu, Zhanpeng; Huang, Chunbo; Huang, Delun Corrosion Science, Vol. 48, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2005.11.014	journal	October 2006
Effect of bicarbonate concentration on corrosion of high strength steel Eliyan, F. F.; Alfantazi, A. Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology, Vol. 50, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1179/1743278214Y.0000000243	journal	December 2014
Quantifying the Acetate-Enhanced Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Oilfield Brines Garsany, Y.; Pletcher, D.; Sidorin, D. CORROSION, Vol. 60, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3299229	journal	December 2004
High-Temperature Electrochemical Corrosion of Ultra-High Strength Carbon Steel in H2S-Containing Alkaline Brines Feng, Ruishu; Beck, Justin; Ziomek-Moroz, Margaret Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 241 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.04.111	journal	July 2017
An XPS characterization of FeCO3 films from CO2 corrosion Heuer, J. K.; Stubbins, J. F. Corrosion Science, Vol. 41, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-938X(98)00180-2	journal	July 1999
Formation mechanism and protective property of corrosion product scale on X70 steel under supercritical CO 2 environment Wei, Liang; Pang, Xiaolu; Liu, Chao Corrosion Science, Vol. 100 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2015.08.016	journal	November 2015
A theoretical treatment of the kinetics of iron dissolution and passivation El Miligy, A. A.; Geana, D.; Lorenz, W. J. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 20, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(75)90005-5	journal	April 1975
Effect of bicarbonate on corrosion of carbon steel in CO2 saturated brines Han, Jiabin; Zhang, Jinsuo; Carey, J. William International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 5, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2011.08.003	journal	November 2011
Mechanisms of Corrosion and Electrochemical Significance of Metallurgy and Environment with Corrosion of Iron and Steel in Bicarbonate and Carbonate Solutions—A Review Eliyan, Faysal Fayez; Alfantazi, Akram CORROSION, Vol. 70, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.5006/1213	journal	September 2014
The behaviour of iron electrode in CO2− saturated neutral electrolyte—I. Electrochemical study Wiȩckowski, Andrzej; Ghali, Edward; Szklarczyk, Marek Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 28, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(83)85226-8	journal	November 1983
The Effects of Bicarbonate on the Corrosion and Passivation of Iron Davies, D. H.; Burstein, G. T. CORROSION, Vol. 36, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-36.8.416	journal	August 1980
Electrochemical Corrosion of Ultra-high Strength Carbon Steel in Alkaline Brines Containing Hydrogen Sulfide Feng, Ruishu; Beck, Justin; Ziomek-Moroz, Margaret Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 212 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.07.070	journal	September 2016
The Electrochemical Behavior of Scratched Iron Surfaces in Aqueous Solutions Burstein, G. T. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 128, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2127383	journal	January 1981
Electrochemical Polarization Stern, M.; Geaby, A. L. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 104, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2428496	journal	January 1957
Electrochemistry of CO 2 corrosion of mild steel: Effect of CO 2 on iron dissolution reaction Kahyarian, Aria; Brown, Bruce; Nesic, Srdjan Corrosion Science, Vol. 129 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2017.10.005	journal	December 2017
Impedance studies of the growth of porous magnetite films on carbon steel in high temperature aqueous systems Park, J. R.; Macdonald, D. D. Corrosion Science, Vol. 23, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-938X(83)90063-X	journal	January 1983
Electrochemical study of carbon steel corrosion in buffered acetic acid solutions with chlorides and H2S Veloz, M. A.; González, I. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 48, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(02)00549-2	journal	November 2002
Effect of CO2 and H2S on the composition and stability of passive film on iron alloys in geothermal water Banaś, J.; Lelek-Borkowska, U.; Mazurkiewicz, B. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 52, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.01.086	journal	May 2007
A Method For Determining Corrosion Rates From Linear Polarization Data Stern, Milton CORROSION, Vol. 14, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-14.9.60	journal	September 1958
Optical waveguide modeling of refractive index mediated pH responses in silica nanocomposite thin film based fiber optic sensors Ohodnicki, P. R.; Wang, C. Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 119, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4941103	journal	February 2016
Localized corrosion of carbon steel in a CO2-saturated oilfield formation water Zhang, G. A.; Cheng, Y. F. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 56, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.10.059	journal	January 2011
The electrode kinetics of the deposition and dissolution of iron Bockris, J. O'M.; Drazic, D.; Despic, A. R. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 4, Issue 2-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(61)80026-1	journal	August 1961
Key issues related to modelling of internal corrosion of oil and gas pipelines – A review Nešić, Srdjan Corrosion Science, Vol. 49, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2007.06.006	journal	December 2007
Thermodynamics of hydrothermal systems at elevated temperatures and pressures Helgeson, H. C. American Journal of Science, Vol. 267, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.267.7.729	journal	September 1969
Electrochemical behavior of carbon steel in alkaline sour environments measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Cabrera-Sierra, R.; Garcı́a, I.; Sosa, E. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 46, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00567-3	journal	December 2000
Carbonic Acid Corrosion of Steel De Waard, C.; Milliams, D. E. CORROSION, Vol. 31, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-31.5.177	journal	May 1975
The influence of hydrogen sulfide on corrosion of iron under different conditions Ma, Houyi; Cheng, Xiaoliang; Li, Guiqiu Corrosion Science, Vol. 42, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-938X(00)00003-2	journal	October 2000
Novel silica surface charge density mediated control of the optical properties of embedded optically active materials and its application for fiber optic pH sensing at elevated temperatures Wang, Congjun; Ohodnicki, Paul R.; Su, Xin Nanoscale, Vol. 7, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4NR06232A	journal	January 2015
Definition of the transfer coefficient in electrochemistry (IUPAC Recommendations 2014) Guidelli, Rolando; Compton, Richard G.; Feliu, Juan M. Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 86, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-5025	journal	February 2014
Electrochemical Corrosion and Passivation Behavior of Titanium and Its Ti-6Al-4V Alloy in Low and Highly Concentrated HBr Solutions Heakal, F. El-Taib; Awad, Kh. A. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, Vol. 6, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1452-3981(23)19695-7	journal	December 2011

Cited By (6)

Fully distributed optical fiber sensor for water and humidity monitoring Wright, Ruishu; Badar, Mudabbir; Egbu, James C. Fiber Optic Sensors and Applications XVI https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2519239	conference	May 2019
Advantages of asymmetrical over symmetrical cells for detection of under deposit CO ₂ corrosion using electrochemical noise Zeidabadinejad, Mahdieh; Shahidi‐Zandi, Mehdi; Foroughi, Mohammad Mehdi Materials and Corrosion, Vol. 70, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201910950	journal	May 2019
Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Artificial Geothermal Brine: Influence of Carbon Dioxide at 70 °C and 150 °C Aristia, Gabriela; Hoa, Le Quynh; Bäßler, Ralph Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12223801	journal	November 2019
Transformation between localized and general corrosion behavior of die‐cast AZ91D magnesium alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solutions Zhang, Shaohua; Hou, Lifeng; Du, Huayun Materials and Corrosion, Vol. 70, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/maco.201911183	journal	June 2019
Electrochemical mechanisms of an advanced low-temperature fuel cell with a SrTiO ₃ electrolyte Chen, Gang; Liu, Hailiang; He, Yang Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta00499h	journal	January 2019
Effect of thiosulphate/H ₂ S on crevice corrosion behaviour of P110 carbon steel in CO ₂ -saturated solution Dong, Lijin; Zhang, Xiaolong; Li, Yifeng Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology, Vol. 55, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1080/1478422x.2020.1721945	journal	February 2020