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Title: Upscaled diurnal cycles of land–atmosphere fluxes: a new global half-hourly data product

Abstract

Interactions between the biosphere and the atmosphere can be well characterized by fluxes between the two. In particular, carbon and energy fluxes play a major role in understanding biogeochemical processes on an ecosystem level or global scale. However, the fluxes can only be measured at individual sites, e.g., by eddy covariance towers, and an upscaling of these local observations is required to analyze global patterns. Previous work focused on upscaling monthly, 8-day, or daily average values, and global maps for each flux have been provided accordingly. In this paper, we raise the upscaling of carbon and energy fluxes between land and atmosphere to the next level by increasing the temporal resolution to subdaily timescales. We provide continuous half-hourly fluxes for the period from 2001 to 2014 at 0.5° spatial resolution, which allows for analyzing diurnal cycles globally. The data set contains four fluxes: gross primary production (GPP), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), latent heat (LE), and sensible heat (H). We propose two prediction approaches for the diurnal cycles based on large-scale regression models and compare them in extensive cross-validation experiments using different sets of predictor variables. We analyze the results for a set of FLUXNET tower sites showing the suitability of our approaches for thismore » upscaling task. Finally, we have selected one approach to calculate the global half-hourly data products based on predictor variables from remote sensing and meteorology at daily resolution as well as half-hourly potential radiation. In addition, we provide a derived product that only contains monthly average diurnal cycles, which is a lightweight version in terms of data storage that still allows studying the important characteristics of diurnal patterns globally. We recommend to primarily use these monthly average diurnal cycles, because they are less affected by the impacts of day-to-day variation, observation noise, and short-term fluctuations on subdaily timescales compared to the full half-hourly flux products. The global half-hourly data products are available at https://doi.org/10.17871/BACI.224.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2]
  1. Max Planck Society, Jena (Germany). Max Planck Inst. for Biogeochemistry
  2. Max Planck Society, Jena (Germany). Max Planck Inst. for Biogeochemistry; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig (Germany); Michael Stifel Center Jena (Germany)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
OSTI Identifier:
1507382
Grant/Contract Number:  
FG02-04ER63911; FG02-04ER63917
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Earth System Science Data (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Earth System Science Data (Online); Journal Volume: 10; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 1866-3516
Publisher:
Copernicus
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Citation Formats

Bodesheim, Paul, Jung, Martin, Gans, Fabian, Mahecha, Miguel D., and Reichstein, Markus. Upscaled diurnal cycles of land–atmosphere fluxes: a new global half-hourly data product. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.5194/essd-10-1327-2018.
Bodesheim, Paul, Jung, Martin, Gans, Fabian, Mahecha, Miguel D., & Reichstein, Markus. Upscaled diurnal cycles of land–atmosphere fluxes: a new global half-hourly data product. United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1327-2018
Bodesheim, Paul, Jung, Martin, Gans, Fabian, Mahecha, Miguel D., and Reichstein, Markus. Fri . "Upscaled diurnal cycles of land–atmosphere fluxes: a new global half-hourly data product". United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1327-2018. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1507382.
@article{osti_1507382,
title = {Upscaled diurnal cycles of land–atmosphere fluxes: a new global half-hourly data product},
author = {Bodesheim, Paul and Jung, Martin and Gans, Fabian and Mahecha, Miguel D. and Reichstein, Markus},
abstractNote = {Interactions between the biosphere and the atmosphere can be well characterized by fluxes between the two. In particular, carbon and energy fluxes play a major role in understanding biogeochemical processes on an ecosystem level or global scale. However, the fluxes can only be measured at individual sites, e.g., by eddy covariance towers, and an upscaling of these local observations is required to analyze global patterns. Previous work focused on upscaling monthly, 8-day, or daily average values, and global maps for each flux have been provided accordingly. In this paper, we raise the upscaling of carbon and energy fluxes between land and atmosphere to the next level by increasing the temporal resolution to subdaily timescales. We provide continuous half-hourly fluxes for the period from 2001 to 2014 at 0.5° spatial resolution, which allows for analyzing diurnal cycles globally. The data set contains four fluxes: gross primary production (GPP), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), latent heat (LE), and sensible heat (H). We propose two prediction approaches for the diurnal cycles based on large-scale regression models and compare them in extensive cross-validation experiments using different sets of predictor variables. We analyze the results for a set of FLUXNET tower sites showing the suitability of our approaches for this upscaling task. Finally, we have selected one approach to calculate the global half-hourly data products based on predictor variables from remote sensing and meteorology at daily resolution as well as half-hourly potential radiation. In addition, we provide a derived product that only contains monthly average diurnal cycles, which is a lightweight version in terms of data storage that still allows studying the important characteristics of diurnal patterns globally. We recommend to primarily use these monthly average diurnal cycles, because they are less affected by the impacts of day-to-day variation, observation noise, and short-term fluctuations on subdaily timescales compared to the full half-hourly flux products. The global half-hourly data products are available at https://doi.org/10.17871/BACI.224.},
doi = {10.5194/essd-10-1327-2018},
journal = {Earth System Science Data (Online)},
number = 3,
volume = 10,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {7}
}

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Improving canopy processes in the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4) using global flux fields empirically inferred from FLUXNET data
journal, January 2011

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The full greenhouse gas balance of an abandoned peat meadow
journal, January 2007

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Seasonal and interannual patterns of carbon and water fluxes of a poplar plantation under peculiar eco-climatic conditions
journal, September 2009


Forest and agricultural land-use-dependent CO2 exchange in Thuringia, Germany
journal, December 2004


Landscape-level terrestrial methane flux observed from a very tall tower
journal, February 2015


Predicting carbon dioxide and energy fluxes across global FLUXNET sites with regression algorithms
journal, January 2016

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Partitioning European grassland net ecosystem CO2 exchange into gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration using light response function analysis
journal, June 2007

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Experimental analysis of flux footprint for varying stability conditions in an alpine meadow
journal, December 2005


The role of grazing management for the net biome productivity and greenhouse gas budget (CO2, N2O and CH4) of semi-natural grassland
journal, June 2007

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Carbon, nitrogen and Greenhouse gases budgets over a four years crop rotation in northern France
journal, March 2011


The carbon budget of semi-arid grassland in a wet and a dry year in Hungary
journal, June 2007


The carbon budget of newly established temperate grassland depends on management intensity
journal, June 2007

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High density biomass estimation for wetland vegetation using WorldView-2 imagery and random forest regression algorithm
journal, August 2012

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Eight years of continuous carbon fluxes measurements in a Portuguese eucalypt stand under two main events: Drought and felling
journal, April 2011


Carbon exchange between ecosystems and atmosphere in the Czech Republic is affected by climate factors
journal, May 2011


Bagging predictors
journal, August 1996


Random Forests for Classification in Ecology
journal, November 2007

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Modeling carbon dynamics in two adjacent spruce forests with different soil conditions in Russia
journal, January 2008


Regional inversion of CO 2 ecosystem fluxes from atmospheric measurements: reliability of the uncertainty estimates
journal, January 2013

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ECOWAT—A model for ecosystem evapotranspiration estimation
journal, October 2009


Biophysical regulations of carbon fluxes of a steppe and a cultivated cropland in semiarid Inner Mongolia
journal, October 2007


Carbon dioxide exchange in a semidesert grassland through drought-induced vegetation change
journal, January 2010

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Monitoring the Multi-Year Carbon Balance of a Subarctic Palsa Mire with Micrometeorological Techniques
journal, July 2012

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An atmospheric perspective on North American carbon dioxide exchange: CarbonTracker
journal, November 2007

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  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 104, Issue 48
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Evidence for Enhanced Land–Atmosphere Feedback in a Warming Climate
journal, June 2012

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Carbon dioxide fluxes dominate the greenhouse gas exchanges of a seasonal wetland in the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia
journal, December 2013


Mapping Arctic Tundra Vegetation Communities Using Field Spectroscopy and Multispectral Satellite Data in North Alaska, USA
journal, November 2016

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Implications of the carbon cycle steady state assumption for biogeochemical modeling performance and inverse parameter retrieval: STEADY STATE EFFECTS ON C FLUX MODELING
journal, April 2008

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  • Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 22, Issue 2
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Soil moisture controls on canopy-scale water and carbon fluxes in an African savanna: SOIL MOISTURE CONTROLS ON FLUXES
journal, September 2004

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The carbon balance of a young Beech forest
journal, June 2000


Spatial and temporal variability in forest-atmosphere CO2 exchange
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Variability in carbon exchange of European croplands
journal, November 2010

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Seasonal Variation in CO2 Efflux of Stems and Branches of Norway Spruce Trees
journal, December 2007

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  • Annals of Botany, Vol. 101, Issue 3
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Carbon exchange of a mature, naturally regenerated pine forest in north Florida
journal, August 2008


Using landscape and depth gradients to decouple the impact of correlated environmental variables on soil microbial community composition
journal, February 2007


A long-term record of carbon exchange in a boreal black spruce forest: means, responses to interannual variability, and decadal trends
journal, March 2007


Separating the effects of climate and vegetation on evapotranspiration along a successional chronosequence in the southeastern US
journal, November 2006


Reviews and syntheses: An empirical spatiotemporal description of the global surface–atmosphere carbon fluxes: opportunities and data limitations
journal, January 2017

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  • Biogeosciences, Vol. 14, Issue 15
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Carbon, energy and water fluxes at mature and disturbed forest sites, Saskatchewan, Canada
journal, February 2006


Drag coefficient and turbulence intensity in conifer canopies
journal, February 2004


Fluxes all of the time? A primer on the temporal representativeness of FLUXNET: FLUXES ALL OF THE TIME?
journal, February 2017

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River flow forecasting through conceptual models part I — A discussion of principles
journal, April 1970


Ecosystem-level CO2 fluxes from a boreal cutover in eastern Canada before and after scarification
journal, November 2006


Random and systematic CO2 flux sampling errors for tower measurements over forests in the convective boundary layer
journal, January 2009


Long-term impact of a stand-replacing fire on ecosystem CO 2 exchange of a ponderosa pine forest
journal, August 2008


Random Forests
journal, January 2001


Large carbon uptake by an unmanaged 250-year-old deciduous forest in Central Germany
journal, September 2003

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Physiological optimization underlies growth rate-independent chlorophyll-specific gross and net primary production
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Global patterns of land-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, latent heat, and sensible heat derived from eddy covariance, satellite, and meteorological observations
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Soil respiration in a Mediterranean oak forest at different developmental stages after coppicing
journal, January 2006


Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning
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Closing the carbon budget of estuarine wetlands with tower-based measurements and MODIS time series: CORRIGENDUM
journal, September 2008


The full greenhouse gas balance of an abandoned peat meadow
journal, January 2007

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Seasonal and inter-annual variation of CO2 flux between a temperate forest and the atmosphere in Japan
journal, April 1999


Linking flux network measurements to continental scale simulations: ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange capacity under non-water-stressed conditions
journal, March 2007


Savanna fires and their impact on net ecosystem productivity in North Australia
journal, March 2007


Ground-Based Optical Measurements at European Flux Sites: A Review of Methods, Instruments and Current Controversies
journal, August 2011

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CO 2 and water vapor exchange of a larch forest in northern Japan
journal, January 2003

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Atmospheric O2, CO2 and δ13C measurements from aircraft sampling over Griffin Forest, Perthshire, UK
text, January 2005

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  • Wiley
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Towards global empirical upscaling of FLUXNET eddy covariance observations: validation of a model tree ensemble approach using a biosphere model
journal, January 2009


Upscaled diurnal cycles of carbon and energy fluxes
dataset, January 2017

  • Bodesheim, Paul; Jung, Martin
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Carbon balance assessment of a natural steppe of southern Siberia by multiple constraint approach
journal, January 2007

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Measuring eddy covariance fluxes of ammonia using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy
journal, January 2005

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Seven years of recent European net terrestrial carbon dioxide exchange constrained by atmospheric observations
text, January 2010

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Monitoring the Multi-Year Carbon Balance of a Subarctic Palsa Mire with Micrometeorological Techniques
journal, July 2012

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  • AMBIO, Vol. 41, Issue S3
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Importance of advection in the atmospheric CO2 exchanges of an alpine forest
journal, June 2005

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  • Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 130, Issue 3-4
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Linking plant and ecosystem functional biogeography
journal, September 2014

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  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 38
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A catchment-scale carbon and greenhouse gas budget of a subarctic landscape
journal, May 2007

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Comparison of greenhouse gas fluxes and nitrogen budgets from an ombotrophic bog in Scotland and a minerotrophic sedge fen in Finland
journal, July 2010


Linking flux network measurements to continental scale simulations: ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange capacity under non-water-stressed conditions
journal, March 2007


The role of harvest residue in rotation cycle carbon balance in loblolly pine plantations. Respiration partitioning approach
journal, August 2012


Terrestrial Gross Carbon Dioxide Uptake: Global Distribution and Covariation with Climate
journal, July 2010


Upscaled diurnal cycles of carbon and energy fluxes
dataset, January 2017

  • Bodesheim, Paul; Jung, Martin
  • Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena
  • DOI: 10.17871/baci.224

Ground-Based Optical Measurements at European Flux Sites: A Review of Methods, Instruments and Current Controversies
journal, August 2011

  • Balzarolo, Manuela; Anderson, Karen; Nichol, Caroline
  • Sensors, Vol. 11, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.3390/s110807954

Measurements of hydrocarbon emissions from a boreal fen using the REA technique
journal, January 2006


The full greenhouse gas balance of an abandoned peat meadow
journal, January 2007

  • Hendriks, D. M. D.; van Huissteden, J.; Dolman, A. J.
  • Biogeosciences, Vol. 4, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.5194/bg-4-411-2007

Net ecosystem carbon exchange in three contrasting Mediterranean ecosystems – the effect of drought
journal, January 2007


The growing season greenhouse gas balance of a continental tundra site in the Indigirka lowlands, NE Siberia
journal, January 2007

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Contrasting carbon dioxide fluxes between a drying shrub wetland in Northern Wisconsin, USA, and nearby forests
journal, January 2009


Works referencing / citing this record:

Memory effects of climate and vegetation affecting net ecosystem CO2 fluxes in global forests
journal, February 2019


Monthly gridded data product of northern wetland methane emissions based on upscaling eddy covariance observations
journal, January 2019


Global variability in belowground autotrophic respiration in terrestrial ecosystems
journal, January 2019


Monthly gridded data product of northern wetland methane emissions based on upscaling eddy covariance observations
text, January 2019


Advances in the Remote Sensing of Terrestrial Evaporation
journal, May 2019

  • McCabe, Matthew F.; Miralles, Diego G.; Holmes, Thomas R. H.
  • Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.3390/rs11091138

Memory effects of climate and vegetation affecting net ecosystem CO2 fluxes in global forests
text, January 2019


Partitioning net carbon dioxide fluxes into photosynthesis and respiration using neural networks
journal, July 2020

  • Tramontana, Gianluca; Migliavacca, Mirco; Jung, Martin
  • Global Change Biology, Vol. 26, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15203

Memory effects of climate and vegetation affecting net ecosystem CO2 fluxes in global forests
journal, February 2019


Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) estimates 2006–2019 over Europe from a pre-operational ensemble-inversion system
journal, June 2022

  • Munassar, Saqr; Rödenbeck, Christian; Koch, Frank-Thomas
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-22-7875-2022

Global variability in belowground autotrophic respiration in terrestrial ecosystems
journal, January 2019


Spatial and temporal patterns of global soil heterotrophic respiration in terrestrial ecosystems
journal, January 2020


Evaluation of global terrestrial evapotranspiration using state-of-the-art approaches in remote sensing, machine learning and land surface modeling
journal, January 2020

  • Pan, Shufen; Pan, Naiqing; Tian, Hanqin
  • Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 24, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.5194/hess-24-1485-2020