Mainstreaming commercial CSP systems: A technology review
Abstract
In this review, we summarise the current status and new trends in concentrating solar power (CSP) technology, analysing the technology cost and their evolution during the last years, with special focus on thermal storage. Moreover, we have carried out a comprehensive review of the molten salts used and proposed in CSP commercial plants. Nitrates, nitrites, chlorides, and carbonates are presented, including their corrosion aspects with common alloys as well as the different possibilities available in the literature to replace them (ternary and quaternary nitrate molten salt) or improve them (addition of nanoparticles). Finally, we have proposed the key factors for a successful new generation of CSP plants, with special focus on high-temperature molten salts (carbonates and chloride blends) and the main important materials requirements for CSP system components.
- Authors:
-
- Univ. of Antofagast (Chile); Univ. de Lleida (Spain)
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Univ. de Lleida (Spain)
- Kairos Power, Oakland, CA (United States)
- Univ. Jaume I, Castello de la Plana (Spain)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1507291
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1636738
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/JA-5500-73093
Journal ID: ISSN 0960-1481
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC36-08GO28308
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Renewable Energy
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 140; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0960-1481
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 14 SOLAR ENERGY; 47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION; molten salts; concentrating solar power; thermal energy storage
Citation Formats
Fernández, Angel G., Gomez-Vidal, Judith, Oró, Eduard, Kruizenga, Alan, Solé, Aran, and Cabeza, Luisa F. Mainstreaming commercial CSP systems: A technology review. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.049.
Fernández, Angel G., Gomez-Vidal, Judith, Oró, Eduard, Kruizenga, Alan, Solé, Aran, & Cabeza, Luisa F. Mainstreaming commercial CSP systems: A technology review. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.049
Fernández, Angel G., Gomez-Vidal, Judith, Oró, Eduard, Kruizenga, Alan, Solé, Aran, and Cabeza, Luisa F. Thu .
"Mainstreaming commercial CSP systems: A technology review". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.049. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1507291.
@article{osti_1507291,
title = {Mainstreaming commercial CSP systems: A technology review},
author = {Fernández, Angel G. and Gomez-Vidal, Judith and Oró, Eduard and Kruizenga, Alan and Solé, Aran and Cabeza, Luisa F.},
abstractNote = {In this review, we summarise the current status and new trends in concentrating solar power (CSP) technology, analysing the technology cost and their evolution during the last years, with special focus on thermal storage. Moreover, we have carried out a comprehensive review of the molten salts used and proposed in CSP commercial plants. Nitrates, nitrites, chlorides, and carbonates are presented, including their corrosion aspects with common alloys as well as the different possibilities available in the literature to replace them (ternary and quaternary nitrate molten salt) or improve them (addition of nanoparticles). Finally, we have proposed the key factors for a successful new generation of CSP plants, with special focus on high-temperature molten salts (carbonates and chloride blends) and the main important materials requirements for CSP system components.},
doi = {10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.049},
journal = {Renewable Energy},
number = C,
volume = 140,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Mar 14 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Thu Mar 14 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 121 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
State of the art on high temperature thermal energy storage for power generation. Part 1—Concepts, materials and modellization
journal, January 2010
- Gil, Antoni; Medrano, Marc; Martorell, Ingrid
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 14, Issue 1, p. 31-55
System value and progress of CSP
journal, August 2017
- Gauché, Paul; Rudman, Justine; Mabaso, Mbalenhle
- Solar Energy, Vol. 152
Calculating the profits of an economic MPC applied to CSP plants with thermal storage system
journal, October 2017
- Vasallo, Manuel Jesús; Bravo, José Manuel; Cojocaru, Emilian Gelu
- Solar Energy, Vol. 155
Review of commercial thermal energy storage in concentrated solar power plants: Steam vs. molten salts
journal, December 2017
- González-Roubaud, Edouard; Pérez-Osorio, David; Prieto, Cristina
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 80
Thermal energy storage systems for concentrated solar power plants
journal, November 2017
- Pelay, Ugo; Luo, Lingai; Fan, Yilin
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 79
Nitrate/nitrite chemistry in sodium nitrate-potassium nitrate melts
journal, March 1983
- Nissen, D. A.; Meeker, D. E.
- Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 22, Issue 5
Chemical Perspectives on Alkali and Earth Alkaline Nitrate and Nitrite Salts for Concentrated Solar Power Applications
journal, January 2013
- Cordaro, Joseph G.
- Green, Vol. 3, Issue 1
High temperature corrosion in energy systems
journal, September 1981
- Rapp, Robert A.; Devan, John H.; Douglass, David L.
- Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 50, Issue 1
Influence of temperature and sulphate ion on corrosion of mild steel in molten NaNo 3
journal, January 1992
- Singh, I. B.; Sen, U.
- British Corrosion Journal, Vol. 27, Issue 4
New proposed methodology for specific heat capacity determination of materials for thermal energy storage (TES) by DSC
journal, June 2017
- Ferrer, Gerard; Barreneche, Camila; Solé, Aran
- Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 11
A precise method to measure the specific heat of solar salt-based nanofluids
journal, March 2017
- Muñoz-Sánchez, Belén; Nieto-Maestre, Javier; Imbuluzqueta, Gorka
- Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 129, Issue 2
Review of the T -history method to determine thermophysical properties of phase change materials (PCM)
journal, October 2013
- Solé, Aran; Miró, Laia; Barreneche, Camila
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 26
Development of Molten Salt Heat Transfer Fluid With Low Melting Point and High Thermal Stability
journal, July 2011
- Raade, Justin W.; Padowitz, David
- Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 133, Issue 3
Material aspects of Solar Salt for sensible heat storage
journal, November 2013
- Bauer, Thomas; Pfleger, Nicole; Breidenbach, Nils
- Applied Energy, Vol. 111
Review on the methodology used in thermal stability characterization of phase change materials
journal, October 2015
- Ferrer, Gerard; Solé, Aran; Barreneche, Camila
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 50
Thermal conductivity of molten alkali halides and their mixtures
journal, July 1987
- Smirnov, M. V.; Khokhlov, V. A.; Filatov, E. S.
- Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 32, Issue 7
Thermal conductivity of high temperature fluoride molten salt determined by laser flash technique
journal, November 2015
- An, Xue-Hui; Cheng, Jin-Hui; Yin, Hui-Qin
- International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 90
Novel methodology to prepare homogenous ternary molten salts for concentrated solar power applications and their thermo-physical characterization
journal, October 2016
- Pramod, Kandoth Madathil; Rao, Peddy V. C.; Choudary, Nettem V.
- Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 109
The preparation and properties of multi-component molten salts
journal, September 2010
- Peng, Qiang; Ding, Jing; Wei, Xiaolan
- Applied Energy, Vol. 87, Issue 9
Thermogravimetric measurements of liquid vapor pressure
journal, August 2012
- Rong, Yunhong; Gregson, Christopher M.; Parker, Alan
- The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, Vol. 51
Thermomechanical Characterization of Waste Based TESM and Assessment of Their Resistance to Thermal Cycling up to 1000 °C
journal, September 2015
- Meffre, Antoine; Tessier-Doyen, Nicolas; Py, Xavier
- Waste and Biomass Valorization, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Review on concentrating solar power plants and new developments in high temperature thermal energy storage technologies
journal, January 2016
- Liu, Ming; Steven Tay, N. H.; Bell, Stuart
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 53
Heat transfer fluids for concentrating solar power systems – A review
journal, May 2015
- Vignarooban, K.; Xu, Xinhai; Arvay, A.
- Applied Energy, Vol. 146
Accurate viscosity measurement of nitrates/nitrites salts for concentrated solar power
journal, November 2016
- Jin, Yuan; Cheng, Jinhui; An, Xuehui
- Solar Energy, Vol. 137
Thermal characterization of HITEC molten salt for energy storage in solar linear concentrated technology
journal, May 2015
- Fernández, A. G.; Galleguillos, H.; Fuentealba, E.
- Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 122, Issue 1
The thermal stability of molten nitrite/nitrates salt for solar thermal energy storage in different atmospheres
journal, September 2012
- Olivares, Rene I.
- Solar Energy, Vol. 86, Issue 9
Liquid sodium versus Hitec as a heat transfer fluid in solar thermal central receiver systems
journal, September 2012
- Boerema, Nicholas; Morrison, Graham; Taylor, Robert
- Solar Energy, Vol. 86, Issue 9
Development of new molten salts with LiNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 for energy storage in CSP plants
journal, April 2014
- Fernández, A. G.; Ushak, S.; Galleguillos, H.
- Applied Energy, Vol. 119
High-temperature stability of ternary nitrate molten salts for solar thermal energy systems
journal, November 1990
- Bradshaw, R. W.; Meeker, D. E.
- Solar Energy Materials, Vol. 21, Issue 1
Ca(NO3)2—NaNO3—KNO3 Molten Salt Mixtures for Direct Thermal Energy Storage Systems in Parabolic Trough Plants
journal, January 2013
- Gomez, Judith C.; Calvet, Nicolas; Starace, Anne K.
- Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 135, Issue 2
2050 LCOE improvement using new molten salts for thermal energy storage in CSP plants
journal, May 2016
- Parrado, C.; Marzo, A.; Fuentealba, E.
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 57
Thermodynamic modeling and experimental verification of a NaNO 3 –KNO 3 –LiNO 3 –Ca(NO 3 ) 2 system for solar thermal energy storage
journal, January 2017
- Xu, Fang; Wang, Juntao; Zhu, Xiaoming
- New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 41, Issue 18
Thermodynamic modeling and experimental verification of eutectic point in the LiNO3–KNO3–Ca(NO3)2 ternary system
journal, November 2014
- Wang, Juntao; Lai, Mengze; Han, Haijun
- Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 119, Issue 2
LiNO3–NaNO3–KNO3 salt for thermal energy storage: Thermal stability evaluation in different atmospheres
journal, May 2013
- Olivares, Rene I.; Edwards, William
- Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 560
Thermodynamic properties of LiNO3–NaNO3–KNO3–2KNO3·Mg(NO3)2 system
journal, January 2013
- Wang, Tao; Mantha, Divakar; Reddy, Ramana G.
- Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 551
Novel low melting point quaternary eutectic system for solar thermal energy storage
journal, February 2013
- Wang, Tao; Mantha, Divakar; Reddy, Ramana G.
- Applied Energy, Vol. 102
Preparation and thermal properties of quaternary mixed nitrate with low melting point
journal, August 2014
- Ren, Nan; Wu, Yu-ting; Ma, Chong-fang
- Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 127
Thermal analysis of molten ternary lithium-sodium-potassium nitrates
journal, April 2017
- Mohammad, Mehedi Bin; Brooks, Geoffrey Alan; Rhamdhani, M. Akbar
- Renewable Energy, Vol. 104
Thermal characterisation of an innovative quaternary molten nitrate mixture for energy storage in CSP plants
journal, January 2015
- Fernández, A. G.; Ushak, S.; Galleguillos, H.
- Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 132
Techno-economic comparison between CSP plants presenting two different heat transfer fluids
journal, April 2016
- Sau, S.; Corsaro, N.; Crescenzi, T.
- Applied Energy, Vol. 168
Melting and premelting properties of the potassium nitrate-sodium nitrite-sodium nitrate eutectic system
journal, April 1983
- Janz, George J.; Truong, Giai N.
- Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 28, Issue 2
Thermophysical properties of the equimolar mixture sodium nitrate-potassium nitrate from 300 to 600.degree.C
journal, July 1982
- Nissen, Donald A.
- Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Vol. 27, Issue 3
Thermal decomposition of nickel nitrate hexahydrate, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, in comparison to Co(NO3)2·6H2O and Ca(NO3)2·4H2O
journal, May 2007
- Brockner, Wolfgang; Ehrhardt, Claus; Gjikaj, Mimoza
- Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 456, Issue 1
Thermogravimetric examination of the dehydration of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate under quasiisothermal and quasi-isobaric conditions
journal, July 1983
- Paulik, J.; Paulik, F.; Arnold, M.
- Journal of Thermal Analysis, Vol. 27, Issue 2
The effect of humidity, impurities and initial state on the corrosion of carbon and stainless steels in molten HitecXL salt for CSP application
journal, January 2018
- Grosu, Yaroslav; Bondarchuk, Oleksandr; Faik, Abdessamad
- Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 174
Improvement of the corrosion properties in ternary molten nitrate salts for direct energy storage in CSP plants
journal, September 2016
- Fernández, A. G.; Pérez, F. J.
- Solar Energy, Vol. 134
Thermal characterization of solar salts from north of Chile and variations of their properties over time at high temperature
journal, December 2016
- Fernández, Ángel G.; Veliz, Sussy; Fuentealba, Edward
- Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 128, Issue 3
Heat capacity of nanofluids for solar energy storage produced by dispersing oxide nanoparticles in nitrate salt mixture directly at high temperature
journal, August 2017
- Chieruzzi, Manila; Cerritelli, Gian F.; Miliozzi, Adio
- Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 167
Nitrate salts doped with CuO nanoparticles for thermal energy storage with improved heat transfer
journal, March 2016
- Myers, Philip D.; Alam, Tanvir E.; Kamal, Rajeev
- Applied Energy, Vol. 165
Specific heat control of nanofluids: A critical review
journal, September 2016
- Riazi, Hamed; Murphy, Thomas; Webber, Grant B.
- International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 107
Convective Transport in Nanofluids
journal, August 2005
- Buongiorno, J.
- Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 128, Issue 3
On the specific heat capacity enhancement in nanofluids
journal, February 2016
- Hentschke, Reinhard
- Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 1
Effect of nanoparticle dispersion on specific heat capacity of a binary nitrate salt eutectic for concentrated solar power applications
journal, July 2013
- Dudda, Bharath; Shin, Donghyun
- International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 69
Increment of specific heat capacity of solar salt with SiO2 nanoparticles
journal, January 2014
- Andreu-Cabedo, Patricia; Mondragon, Rosa; Hernandez, Leonor
- Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Specific heat capacity of molten salt-based alumina nanofluid
journal, June 2013
- Lu, Ming-Chang; Huang, Chien-Hsun
- Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Thermal energy storage enhancement of a binary molten salt via in-situ produced nanoparticles
journal, January 2017
- Luo, Yan; Du, Xiaoze; Awad, Afrah
- International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 104
Optimal concentration of alumina nanoparticles in molten Hitec salt to maximize its specific heat capacity
journal, March 2014
- Ho, Ming Xi; Pan, Chin
- International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 70
Preparation and characterization of molten salt based nanothermic fluids with enhanced thermal properties for solar thermal applications
journal, October 2016
- Madathil, Pramod Kandoth; Balagi, Nagaraj; Saha, Priyanka
- Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 109
Enhanced specific heat capacity of high-temperature molten salt-based nanofluids
journal, February 2013
- Tiznobaik, Hani; Shin, Donghyun
- International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 57, Issue 2
The enhanced specific heat capacity of ternary carbonates nanofluids with different nanoparticles
journal, September 2017
- Sang, Lixia; Liu, Tai
- Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 169
Enhancement of specific heat capacity of high-temperature silica-nanofluids synthesized in alkali chloride salt eutectics for solar thermal-energy storage applications
journal, February 2011
- Shin, Donghyun; Banerjee, Debjyoti
- International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 54, Issue 5-6, p. 1064-1070
Effect of nanoparticles on heat capacity of nanofluids based on molten salts as PCM for thermal energy storage
journal, October 2013
- Chieruzzi, Manila; Cerritelli, Gian F.; Miliozzi, Adio
- Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Determination and evaluation of the thermophysical properties of an alkali carbonate eutectic molten salt
journal, January 2016
- An, Xuehui; Cheng, Jinhui; Zhang, Peng
- Faraday Discussions, Vol. 190
The Thermal Stability of Molten Lithium–Sodium–Potassium Carbonate and the Influence of Additives on the Melting Point
journal, June 2012
- Olivares, Rene I.; Chen, Chunlin; Wright, Steven
- Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 134, Issue 4
Corrosion of alloys in a chloride molten salt (NaCl-LiCl) for solar thermal technologies
journal, December 2016
- Gomez-Vidal, Judith C.; Tirawat, Robert
- Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 157
Corrosion resistance of alumina-forming alloys against molten chlorides for energy production. I: Pre-oxidation treatment and isothermal corrosion tests
journal, July 2017
- Gomez-Vidal, J. C.; Fernandez, A. G.; Tirawat, R.
- Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 166
Corrosion resistance of alumina forming alloys against molten chlorides for energy production. II: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under thermal cycling conditions
journal, July 2017
- Gomez-Vidal, J. C.; Fernandez, A. G.; Tirawat, R.
- Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 166
Corrosion resistance of Hastelloys in molten metal-chloride heat-transfer fluids for concentrating solar power applications
journal, May 2014
- Vignarooban, K.; Pugazhendhi, P.; Tucker, C.
- Solar Energy, Vol. 103
Corrosion evaluation of alloys and MCrAlX coatings in molten carbonates for thermal solar applications
journal, December 2016
- Gomez-Vidal, Judith C.; Noel, John; Weber, Jacob
- Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 157
Castable cements to prevent corrosion of metals in molten salts
journal, August 2016
- Gomez-Vidal, J. C.; Morton, E.
- Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 153
Corrosion behavior of Ni-based alloys in molten NaCl-CaCl 2 -MgCl 2 eutectic salt for concentrating solar power
journal, October 2017
- Liu, Bo; Wei, Xiaolan; Wang, Weilong
- Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 170
Corrosion behaviour of various model alloys with NaCl–KCl coating
journal, September 2005
- Li, Y. S.; Spiegel, M.; Shimada, S.
- Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 93, Issue 1
Stability of protective oxide films in waste incineration environment—solubility measurement of oxides in molten chlorides
journal, February 2002
- Ishitsuka, Tetsuo; Nose, Koichi
- Corrosion Science, Vol. 44, Issue 2
Thermal energy storage using chloride salts and their eutectics
journal, October 2016
- Myers, Philip D.; Goswami, D. Yogi
- Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 109
A comparative study on the high temperature corrosion of TP347H stainless steel, C22 alloy and laser-cladding C22 coating in molten chloride salts
journal, June 2014
- Liu, Shunv; Liu, Zongde; Wang, Yongtian
- Corrosion Science, Vol. 83
Corrosion behavior of nickel-based superalloys in thermal storage medium of molten eutectic NaCl-MgCl2 in atmosphere
journal, May 2017
- Wang, Jun-wei; Zhang, Cui-zhen; Li, Zhuo-hua
- Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 164
Multidimensional Modeling of Nickel Alloy Corrosion inside High Temperature Molten Salt Systems
journal, January 2016
- Mehrabadi, Bahareh Alsadat Tavakoli; Weidner, John W.; Garcia-Diaz, Brenda
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 163, Issue 14
Modeling the Effect of Cathodic Protection on Superalloys Inside High Temperature Molten Salt Systems
journal, January 2017
- Mehrabadi, Bahareh Alsadat Tavakoli; Weidner, John W.; Garcia-Diaz, Brenda
- Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 4
Electrochemical measurement of corrosive impurities in molten chlorides for thermal energy storage
journal, February 2018
- Ding, Wenjin; Bonk, Alexander; Gussone, Joachim
- Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 15
Hot corrosion behavior of commercial alloys in thermal energy storage material of molten MgCl2/KCl/NaCl under inert atmosphere
journal, September 2018
- Ding, Wenjin; Shi, Hao; Xiu, Yanlei
- Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 184
Dimensionless Analysis for Predicting Fe-Ni-Cr Alloy Corrosion in Molten Salt Systems for Concentrated Solar Power Systems
journal, June 2016
- Cho, Hyun-Seok; Van Zee, J. W.; Shimpalee, Sirivatch
- Corrosion, Vol. 72, Issue 6
Review of high-temperature central receiver designs for concentrating solar power
journal, January 2014
- Ho, Clifford K.; Iverson, Brian D.
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 29
Works referencing / citing this record:
Thermodynamic Analysis of High‐Temperature Carnot Battery Concepts
journal, October 2019
- Steinmann, Wolf-Dieter; Jockenhöfer, Henning; Bauer, Dan
- Energy Technology, Vol. 8, Issue 3
Thermal Performance Analysis of a Direct-Heated Recompression Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle Using Solar Concentrators
journal, November 2019
- Wang, Jinping; Wang, Jun; Lund, Peter D.
- Energies, Vol. 12, Issue 22