The Characteristics of Tropical and Midlatitude Mesoscale Convective Systems as Revealed by Radar Wind Profilers
Abstract
This study contrasts characteristics of mature squall-line mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) observed by extended ground-based radar wind profiler (RWP) deployments from the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program. This analysis compares the dynamical structure, precipitation, and cold pool properties associated with MCS events over RWP sites in Oklahoma, USA, (midlatitude) to those observed during a 2-year RWP deployment to Manaus, Brazil, during GoAmazon2014/5 campaign (tropical). The MCSs indicate similar convective line rainfall rates and total rainfall accumulations. However, midlatitude events suggest a larger fractional stratiform contribution to total precipitation. For both regions, convective line cold pools are associated with sharp decreases (approximately 10 K) in the surface equivalent potential temperature (θe) near the time of line passage. Surface θe properties for both regions suggest a modest relationship between rainfall rate and the probability of observing measurable surface rainfall. The probability of observing convective updrafts in both tropical and midlatitude MCS events is found to be similar as a function of low-level radar reflectivity. However, midlatitude MCSs are associated with more intense convective updrafts, with upward air motions (mean, maximum) peaking at higher altitude. The most pronounced contrast is the propensity for deeper and more intense downdrafts in midlatitudemore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
[2];
[1];
- Environmental and Climate Sciences DepartmentBrookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY USA
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA, Department of Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1507232
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1507234; OSTI ID: 1508103; OSTI ID: 1633538
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-211566-2019-JAAM; PNNL-SA-148291
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-897X
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0012704; AC05-76RL01830
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Journal Volume: 124 Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-897X
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; mesoscale convective systems; vertical velocity; radar wind profiler; cold pool; mixing rate; precipitation
Citation Formats
Wang, Die, Giangrande, Scott E., Schiro, Kathleen A., Jensen, Michael P., and Houze, Jr., Robert A. The Characteristics of Tropical and Midlatitude Mesoscale Convective Systems as Revealed by Radar Wind Profilers. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1029/2018JD030087.
Wang, Die, Giangrande, Scott E., Schiro, Kathleen A., Jensen, Michael P., & Houze, Jr., Robert A. The Characteristics of Tropical and Midlatitude Mesoscale Convective Systems as Revealed by Radar Wind Profilers. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD030087
Wang, Die, Giangrande, Scott E., Schiro, Kathleen A., Jensen, Michael P., and Houze, Jr., Robert A. Tue .
"The Characteristics of Tropical and Midlatitude Mesoscale Convective Systems as Revealed by Radar Wind Profilers". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD030087.
@article{osti_1507232,
title = {The Characteristics of Tropical and Midlatitude Mesoscale Convective Systems as Revealed by Radar Wind Profilers},
author = {Wang, Die and Giangrande, Scott E. and Schiro, Kathleen A. and Jensen, Michael P. and Houze, Jr., Robert A.},
abstractNote = {This study contrasts characteristics of mature squall-line mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) observed by extended ground-based radar wind profiler (RWP) deployments from the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program. This analysis compares the dynamical structure, precipitation, and cold pool properties associated with MCS events over RWP sites in Oklahoma, USA, (midlatitude) to those observed during a 2-year RWP deployment to Manaus, Brazil, during GoAmazon2014/5 campaign (tropical). The MCSs indicate similar convective line rainfall rates and total rainfall accumulations. However, midlatitude events suggest a larger fractional stratiform contribution to total precipitation. For both regions, convective line cold pools are associated with sharp decreases (approximately 10 K) in the surface equivalent potential temperature (θe) near the time of line passage. Surface θe properties for both regions suggest a modest relationship between rainfall rate and the probability of observing measurable surface rainfall. The probability of observing convective updrafts in both tropical and midlatitude MCS events is found to be similar as a function of low-level radar reflectivity. However, midlatitude MCSs are associated with more intense convective updrafts, with upward air motions (mean, maximum) peaking at higher altitude. The most pronounced contrast is the propensity for deeper and more intense downdrafts in midlatitude MCSs. An analysis based on observed downdraft properties is performed using simple mixing assumptions. For these events, the vertical gradient of θe in the lower troposphere is relatively consistent between the Amazon and Oklahoma, suggesting similar mixing rates for downdrafts originating below 3 km (0.1 km-1). However, if downdrafts originate nearer to the level of minimum θe at SGP, mixing may be occurring at rates comparable to 0.3 km-1.},
doi = {10.1029/2018JD030087},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
number = 8,
volume = 124,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Apr 16 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Tue Apr 16 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
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Figures / Tables:
Figure 1: Composite skew-T log-P diagrams from radiosondes launched prior to convective lines for Amazon (MAO; a) and Oklahoma (SGP; b) mesoscale convective systems. The green solid lines are dew point temperature profiles. The red solid lines are environment temperature profiles. The black solid lines are the temperature profiles ofmore »
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