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Title: Measurement of the absolute number of photons of the hard X-ray beamline at the Linac Coherent Light Source

Abstract

X-ray free-electron lasers provide intense pulses of coherent X-rays with a short pulse duration. These sources are chaotic by nature and therefore, to be used at their full potential, require that every X-ray pulse is characterized in terms of various relevant properties such as intensity, photon energy, position and timing. Diagnostics are for example installed on an X-ray beamline to specifically monitor the intensity of individual X-ray pulses. To date, these can however only provide a single-shot value of the relative number of photons per shot. Here are reported measurements made in January 2015 of the absolute number of photons in the hard X-ray regime at LCLS which is typically 3.5 ×1011 photons shot-1between 6 and 9.5 keV at the X-ray Pump–Probe instrument. Moreover, an average transmission of ≈62% of the hard X-ray beamline over this energy range is measured and the third-harmonic content of ≈0.47% below 9 keV is characterized.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [7] more »;  [7];  [7];  [1] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  2. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
  3. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)
  4. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin (Germany)
  5. RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo (Japan)
  6. RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo (Japan); Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo (Japan)
  7. RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo (Japan); National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba (Japan)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
OSTI Identifier:
1505633
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1514705
Report Number(s):
BNL-211683-2019-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 1600-5775; JSYRES
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-76SF00515; SC0012704
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (Online); Journal Volume: 26; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1600-5775
Publisher:
International Union of Crystallography
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; FEL; hard X-rays; absolute intensity; 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS

Citation Formats

Song, Sanghoon, Alonso-Mori, Roberto, Chollet, Matthieu, Feng, Yiping, Glownia, James M., Lemke, Henrik T., Sikorski, Marcin, Zhu, Diling, Moeller, Stefan, Lee, Hae Ja, Hunter, Mark S., Carini, Gabriella, Tiedtke, Kai, Jastrow, Ulf, Sorokin, Andrey, Richter, Mathias, Owada, Shigeki, Tono, Kensuke, Saito, Norio, Tanaka, Takahiro, Kato, Masahiro, Yabashi, Makina, and Robert, Aymeric. Measurement of the absolute number of photons of the hard X-ray beamline at the Linac Coherent Light Source. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1107/s1600577519000250.
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Song, Sanghoon, Alonso-Mori, Roberto, Chollet, Matthieu, Feng, Yiping, Glownia, James M., Lemke, Henrik T., Sikorski, Marcin, Zhu, Diling, Moeller, Stefan, Lee, Hae Ja, Hunter, Mark S., Carini, Gabriella, Tiedtke, Kai, Jastrow, Ulf, Sorokin, Andrey, Richter, Mathias, Owada, Shigeki, Tono, Kensuke, Saito, Norio, Tanaka, Takahiro, Kato, Masahiro, Yabashi, Makina, & Robert, Aymeric. Measurement of the absolute number of photons of the hard X-ray beamline at the Linac Coherent Light Source. United States. https://doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519000250
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Song, Sanghoon, Alonso-Mori, Roberto, Chollet, Matthieu, Feng, Yiping, Glownia, James M., Lemke, Henrik T., Sikorski, Marcin, Zhu, Diling, Moeller, Stefan, Lee, Hae Ja, Hunter, Mark S., Carini, Gabriella, Tiedtke, Kai, Jastrow, Ulf, Sorokin, Andrey, Richter, Mathias, Owada, Shigeki, Tono, Kensuke, Saito, Norio, Tanaka, Takahiro, Kato, Masahiro, Yabashi, Makina, and Robert, Aymeric. Mon . "Measurement of the absolute number of photons of the hard X-ray beamline at the Linac Coherent Light Source". United States. https://doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519000250. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1505633.
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@article{osti_1505633,
title = {Measurement of the absolute number of photons of the hard X-ray beamline at the Linac Coherent Light Source},
author = {Song, Sanghoon and Alonso-Mori, Roberto and Chollet, Matthieu and Feng, Yiping and Glownia, James M. and Lemke, Henrik T. and Sikorski, Marcin and Zhu, Diling and Moeller, Stefan and Lee, Hae Ja and Hunter, Mark S. and Carini, Gabriella and Tiedtke, Kai and Jastrow, Ulf and Sorokin, Andrey and Richter, Mathias and Owada, Shigeki and Tono, Kensuke and Saito, Norio and Tanaka, Takahiro and Kato, Masahiro and Yabashi, Makina and Robert, Aymeric},
abstractNote = {X-ray free-electron lasers provide intense pulses of coherent X-rays with a short pulse duration. These sources are chaotic by nature and therefore, to be used at their full potential, require that every X-ray pulse is characterized in terms of various relevant properties such as intensity, photon energy, position and timing. Diagnostics are for example installed on an X-ray beamline to specifically monitor the intensity of individual X-ray pulses. To date, these can however only provide a single-shot value of the relative number of photons per shot. Here are reported measurements made in January 2015 of the absolute number of photons in the hard X-ray regime at LCLS which is typically 3.5 ×1011 photons shot-1between 6 and 9.5 keV at the X-ray Pump–Probe instrument. Moreover, an average transmission of ≈62% of the hard X-ray beamline over this energy range is measured and the third-harmonic content of ≈0.47% below 9 keV is characterized.},
doi = {10.1107/s1600577519000250},
journal = {Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 26,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Feb 11 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Mon Feb 11 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}
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Journal Article:
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519000250
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Cited by: 4 works
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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: Schematic of the experimental set-up showing the various areas of interest, i.e. undulator hall, front-end enclosure (FEE) and XPP instrument hutch, and highlighting the location of relevant optical and detector components, such as the hard X-ray offset mirrors system (HOMS) and X-ray gas monitor detector (XGMD).
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Works referenced in this record:

Predicting the coherent X-ray wavefront focal properties at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray free electron laser
journal, January 2009

  • Barty, Anton; Soufli, Regina; McCarville, Tom
  • Optics Express, Vol. 17, Issue 18
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Morphology, microstructure, stress and damage properties of thin film coatings for the LCLS x-ray mirrors
conference, May 2009

  • Soufli, Regina; Baker, Sherry L.; Robinson, Jeff C.
  • SPIE Europe Optics + Optoelectronics, SPIE Proceedings
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.823836

Linac Coherent Light Source: The first five years
journal, March 2016

Achieving few-femtosecond time-sorting at hard X-ray free-electron lasers
journal, February 2013

Photon beamlines and diagnostics at LCLS
journal, April 2011

  • Moeller, S.; Arthur, J.; Brachmann, A.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 635, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2010.10.125

A single-shot intensity-position monitor for hard x-ray FEL sources
conference, September 2011

  • Feng, Yiping; Feldkamp, Jan M.; Fritz, David M.
  • SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, SPIE Proceedings
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.893740

Beamline, experimental stations and photon beam diagnostics for the hard x-ray free electron laser of SACLA
journal, August 2013

X-Ray Interactions: Photoabsorption, Scattering, Transmission, and Reflection at E = 50-30,000 eV, Z = 1-92
journal, July 1993

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Anomalous nonlinear X-ray Compton scattering
journal, August 2015

  • Fuchs, Matthias; Trigo, Mariano; Chen, Jian
  • Nature Physics, Vol. 11, Issue 11
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Opto-mechanical design considerations for the Linac Coherent Light Source x-ray mirror system
conference, August 2008

  • McCarville, T. J.; Stefan, P. M.; Woods, B.
  • Optical Engineering + Applications, SPIE Proceedings
  • DOI: 10.1117/12.795912

Single-shot beam-position monitor for x-ray free electron laser
journal, February 2011

  • Tono, Kensuke; Kudo, Togo; Yabashi, Makina
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 82, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3549133

Measurement of x-ray free-electron-laser pulse energies by photoluminescence in nitrogen gas
journal, March 2008

  • Hau–Riege, S. P.; Bionta, R. M.; Ryutov, D. D.
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 103, Issue 5
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Nonlinear Atomic Response to Intense Ultrashort X Rays
journal, February 2011

Room-temperature calorimeter for x-ray free-electron lasers
journal, September 2015

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  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 86, Issue 9
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A single-shot transmissive spectrometer for hard x-ray free electron lasers
journal, July 2012

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  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4736725

Femtosecond optical/hard X-ray timing diagnostics at an FEL: implementation and performance
conference, May 2013

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  • SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics, SPIE Proceedings
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Pulse energy measurement at the hard x-ray laser in Japan
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Collective instabilities and high-gain regime in a free electron laser
journal, July 1984

The X-ray Pump–Probe instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source
journal, April 2015

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The Linac Coherent Light Source
journal, April 2015

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Development, characterization and experimental performance of x-ray optics for the LCLS free-electron laser
conference, August 2008

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Absolute pulse energy measurements of soft x-rays at the Linac Coherent Light Source
journal, January 2014

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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Operation of X-ray gas monitors at the European XFEL
    journal, June 2019

    • Maltezopoulos, Theophilos; Dietrich, Florian; Freund, Wolfgang
    • Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 26, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519003795

    Pulse power measurements and attenuator characterization of the hard X-ray beamline at the Linac Coherent Light Source
    conference, May 2019

    • Song, Sanghoon; Alonso-Mori, Roberto; Chollet, Matthieu
    • X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers: Advances in Source Development and Instrumentation V
    • DOI: 10.1117/12.2520827

    An X-ray gas monitor for free-electron lasers
    text, January 2019

    • Sorokin, Andrey A.; Bican, Yilmaz; Bonfigt, Susanne
    • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
    • DOI: 10.3204/pubdb-2019-02388

    An X-ray gas monitor for free-electron lasers
    journal, June 2019

    • Sorokin, Andrey A.; Bican, Yilmaz; Bonfigt, Susanne
    • Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 26, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519005174

    Operation of X-ray gas monitors at the European XFEL
    text, January 2019

    • Maltezopoulos, Theophilos; Dietrich, Florian; Freund, Wolfgang
    • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
    • DOI: 10.3204/pubdb-2019-05093

    Pulse power measurements and attenuator characterization of the hard X-ray beamline at the Linac Coherent Light Source
    text, January 2019

    • Song, Sanghoon; Alonso-Mori, Roberto; Chollet, Matthieu
    • Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
    • DOI: 10.3204/pubdb-2019-05100
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