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Title: High Strain Rate Mechanical Characterization of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Using Digital Image Correlations

Abstract

We present that the introduction of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites to structural components in lightweight automotive structures necessitates an assessment to evaluate that their crashworthiness dynamic response provides similar or higher levels of safety compared to conventional metallic structures. In order to develop, integrate and implement predictive computational models for CFRP composites that link the materials design, molding process and final performance requirements to enable optimal design and manufacturing vehicle systems for this study, the dynamic mechanical response of unidirectional (UD) and 2x2 twill weave CRFP composites was characterized at deformation rates applicable to crashworthiness performance. Non-standardized specimen geometries were tested on a standard uniaxial frame and an intermediate-to-high speed dynamic testing frame, equipped with high speed cameras for 3D digital image correlation (DIC). Specimen cross-sections, according to each fiber orientation tested, were consistent across strain rates to ensure results were comparable. Tensile strength and modulus were experimentally investigated over a wide range of strain rates (0.0001 to 200 s-1). DIC was used to estimate strain profiles on composites surfaces, and the modulus was calculated from those strain measurements. Experimental results demonstrated an increase in the tensile strength of UD CFRP composites in the longitudinal (0°) and transversemore » (90°) direction with increasing strain rates. In contrast, the tensile strength of 2x2 woven composites and the tensile modulus of the UD material were insensitive to increasing strain rates. Finally, comparison of failure modes provided insights on how loading rates influenced failure mechanisms.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [1];  [2];  [1]
  1. National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD (United States)
  2. Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, MI (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Ford Motor Company, Detroit, MI (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)
OSTI Identifier:
1504726
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1431022
Grant/Contract Number:  
EE0006867
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing (Online); Journal Volume: 10; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1946-3987
Publisher:
SAE International
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; 42 ENGINEERING; carbon fiber composites; DIC; high strain rate; unidirectional; weave; tensile testing; elastic modulus

Citation Formats

Powell, Louise A., Luecke, William E., Merzkirch, Matthias, Avery, Katherine, and Foecke, Tim. High Strain Rate Mechanical Characterization of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Using Digital Image Correlations. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.4271/2017-01-0230.
Powell, Louise A., Luecke, William E., Merzkirch, Matthias, Avery, Katherine, & Foecke, Tim. High Strain Rate Mechanical Characterization of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Using Digital Image Correlations. United States. https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0230
Powell, Louise A., Luecke, William E., Merzkirch, Matthias, Avery, Katherine, and Foecke, Tim. Tue . "High Strain Rate Mechanical Characterization of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Using Digital Image Correlations". United States. https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0230. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1504726.
@article{osti_1504726,
title = {High Strain Rate Mechanical Characterization of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Using Digital Image Correlations},
author = {Powell, Louise A. and Luecke, William E. and Merzkirch, Matthias and Avery, Katherine and Foecke, Tim},
abstractNote = {We present that the introduction of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites to structural components in lightweight automotive structures necessitates an assessment to evaluate that their crashworthiness dynamic response provides similar or higher levels of safety compared to conventional metallic structures. In order to develop, integrate and implement predictive computational models for CFRP composites that link the materials design, molding process and final performance requirements to enable optimal design and manufacturing vehicle systems for this study, the dynamic mechanical response of unidirectional (UD) and 2x2 twill weave CRFP composites was characterized at deformation rates applicable to crashworthiness performance. Non-standardized specimen geometries were tested on a standard uniaxial frame and an intermediate-to-high speed dynamic testing frame, equipped with high speed cameras for 3D digital image correlation (DIC). Specimen cross-sections, according to each fiber orientation tested, were consistent across strain rates to ensure results were comparable. Tensile strength and modulus were experimentally investigated over a wide range of strain rates (0.0001 to 200 s-1). DIC was used to estimate strain profiles on composites surfaces, and the modulus was calculated from those strain measurements. Experimental results demonstrated an increase in the tensile strength of UD CFRP composites in the longitudinal (0°) and transverse (90°) direction with increasing strain rates. In contrast, the tensile strength of 2x2 woven composites and the tensile modulus of the UD material were insensitive to increasing strain rates. Finally, comparison of failure modes provided insights on how loading rates influenced failure mechanisms.},
doi = {10.4271/2017-01-0230},
journal = {SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 10,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Mar 28 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Tue Mar 28 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record

Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: (a) Tensile specimen geometry for unidirectional (UD) material in the 0° and 90°. (b) specimen nomenclature.

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