Acceleration of charged particles to extremely large energies by a sub-Dreicer electric field

Marshall, R. S.; Bellan, P. M.

doi:10.1063/1.5081716

Title: Acceleration of charged particles to extremely large energies by a sub-Dreicer electric field

Abstract

Acceleration of a fraction of initially low-energy electrons in a cold, collisional plasma to energies orders of magnitude larger than thermal is shown to be possible with a sub-Dreicer electric field. Because such an electric field does not satisfy the runaway condition, any acceleration will be statistical. Random scattering collisions are probabilistic such that there is 63% chance that a particle collides after traveling one mean free path and a 37% chance of not colliding. If one considers only the electrons that do not collide on traversing a mean free path and also considers that the collisional mean free path scales quadratically with particle kinetic energy, one realizes that there will be a small fraction of electrons that never collide and are accelerated to increasingly high energy. Because the mean free path scales quadratically with kinetic energy, after each successfully traveled mean free path, continued acceleration becomes more likely. This model is applied to an MHD-driven plasma jet experiment at Caltech and it is shown that electrons are accelerated by an electric field associated with a fast magnetic reconnection event occurring as the jet breaks apart. This statistical acceleration model indicates that a fraction ~1.3 × 10^-7 of electrons withmore »« less

Authors:

^[1];

^[1]

California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue Apr 02 00:00:00 EDT 2019

Research Org.:: California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1574937

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1504518

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-04ER54755

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physics of Plasmas

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 26; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Citation Formats


                    Marshall, R. S., and Bellan, P. M. Acceleration of charged particles to extremely large energies by a sub-Dreicer electric field.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.5081716.

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                    Marshall, R. S., & Bellan, P. M. Acceleration of charged particles to extremely large energies by a sub-Dreicer electric field.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5081716

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                    Marshall, R. S., and Bellan, P. M. Tue .  
"Acceleration of charged particles to extremely large energies by a sub-Dreicer electric field".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5081716.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1574937.

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@article{osti_1574937,

  title        = {Acceleration of charged particles to extremely large energies by a sub-Dreicer electric field},

  author       = {Marshall, R. S. and Bellan, P. M.},

  abstractNote = {Acceleration of a fraction of initially low-energy electrons in a cold, collisional plasma to energies orders of magnitude larger than thermal is shown to be possible with a sub-Dreicer electric field. Because such an electric field does not satisfy the runaway condition, any acceleration will be statistical. Random scattering collisions are probabilistic such that there is 63% chance that a particle collides after traveling one mean free path and a 37% chance of not colliding. If one considers only the electrons that do not collide on traversing a mean free path and also considers that the collisional mean free path scales quadratically with particle kinetic energy, one realizes that there will be a small fraction of electrons that never collide and are accelerated to increasingly high energy. Because the mean free path scales quadratically with kinetic energy, after each successfully traveled mean free path, continued acceleration becomes more likely. This model is applied to an MHD-driven plasma jet experiment at Caltech and it is shown that electrons are accelerated by an electric field associated with a fast magnetic reconnection event occurring as the jet breaks apart. This statistical acceleration model indicates that a fraction ~1.3 × 10-7 of electrons with initial energy distributed according to a Maxwellian with T = 2 eV will be accelerated to 6 keV in the Caltech experiment and then collide to produce the observed X-ray signal. It is demonstrated that the statistical acceleration model provides a credible explanation for the production of solar energetic electrons.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.5081716},

  journal      = {Physics of Plasmas},

  number       = 4,

  volume       = 26,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Apr 02 00:00:00 EDT 2019},

  month        = {Tue Apr 02 00:00:00 EDT 2019}

}

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Title: Acceleration of charged particles to extremely large energies by a sub-Dreicer electric field

Abstract

Citation Formats

Hard x-ray bursts observed in association with Rayleigh-Taylor instigated current disruption in a solar-relevant lab experiment journal, November 2018

Principles of Plasma Physics journal, December 1973

Astrophysical Jets journal, April 1991

Observational studies of reconnection in the solar corona journal, November 2011

Possibility of Ion Runaway in Zeta journal, January 1959

Solar particle acceleration at reconnecting 3D null points journal, June 2012

Generation of solar wind proton tails and double beams by Coulomb collisions journal, January 1987

Extreme ultra-violet burst, particle heating, and whistler wave emission in fast magnetic reconnection induced by kink-driven Rayleigh-Taylor instability journal, March 2016

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Recent Advances in Understanding Particle Acceleration Processes in Solar Flares journal, July 2011

Production and Confinement of High-Density Plasmas* journal, March 1975

Suprathermal Particles journal, September 1958

Velocity‐space structure of runaway electrons journal, September 1986

Ubiquitous Non-Thermals in Astrophysical Plasmas: Restating the Difficulty of Maintaining Maxwellians journal, May 2013

Twisted versus braided magnetic flux ropes in coronal geometry: II. Comparative behaviour journal, June 2016

Plasma dynamics in PF-1000 device under full-scale energy storage: I. Pinch dynamics, shock-wave diffraction, and inertial electrode journal, March 2007

Fokker-Planck Equation for an Inverse-Square Force journal, July 1957

Experimental Identification of the Kink Instability as a Poloidal Flux Amplification Mechanism for Coaxial Gun Spheromak Formation journal, May 2003

Generation and loss of runaway electrons following disruptions in JET journal, November 1993

Evidence for runaway electrons in a spheromak plasma journal, July 1991

CHANDRA DISCOVERY OF 10 NEW X-RAY JETS ASSOCIATED WITH FR II RADIO CORE-SELECTED AGNs IN THE MOJAVE SAMPLE journal, March 2011

Magnetic Braiding in a Toroidal Plasma journal, April 1973

Stochastic Acceleration by Turbulence journal, June 2012

Magnetic reconnection from a multiscale instability cascade journal, February 2012

Particle-in-cell studies of fast-ion slowing-down rates in cool tenuous magnetized plasma journal, April 2018

Three-Dimensional Simulations of Tearing and Intermittency in Coronal jets journal, August 2016

Rayleigh–Taylor Instability and Excitation of Super-Dreicer Electric Fields in the Solar Chromosphere journal, September 2016

Critical issues for understanding particle acceleration in impulsive solar flares journal, January 1997

Role of electron physics in the development of turbulent magnetic reconnection in collisionless plasmas journal, April 2011

A thermal/nonthermal model for solar hard X-ray bursts journal, November 1994

Electron and Ion Runaway in a Fully Ionized Gas. II journal, January 1960

Fast Magnetic Reconnection in the Solar Chromosphere Mediated by the Plasmoid Instability journal, January 2015

A Model for Collision Processes in Gases. I. Small Amplitude Processes in Charged and Neutral One-Component Systems journal, May 1954

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A laboratory plasma experiment for studying magnetic dynamics of accretion discs and jets journal, August 2002

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Astrophysical jets conference, January 2000

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Chandra Discovery of 10 New X-Ray Jets Associated With FR II Radio Core-Selected AGNs in the MOJAVE Sample text, January 2011

Fast magnetic reconnection in the solar chromosphere mediated by the plasmoid instability text, January 2015

Three-Dimensional Simulations of Tearing and Intermittency in Coronal Jets text, January 2016

Hard x-ray bursts observed in association with Rayleigh-Taylor instigated current disruption in a solar-relevant lab experiment
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Principles of Plasma Physics
journal, December 1973

Astrophysical Jets
journal, April 1991

Observational studies of reconnection in the solar corona
journal, November 2011

Possibility of Ion Runaway in Zeta
journal, January 1959

Solar particle acceleration at reconnecting 3D null points
journal, June 2012

Generation of solar wind proton tails and double beams by Coulomb collisions
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Extreme ultra-violet burst, particle heating, and whistler wave emission in fast magnetic reconnection induced by kink-driven Rayleigh-Taylor instability
journal, March 2016

Heterodyne interferometer with unequal path lengths
journal, August 2006

Recent Advances in Understanding Particle Acceleration Processes in Solar Flares
journal, July 2011

Production and Confinement of High-Density Plasmas*
journal, March 1975

Suprathermal Particles
journal, September 1958

Velocity‐space structure of runaway electrons
journal, September 1986

Ubiquitous Non-Thermals in Astrophysical Plasmas: Restating the Difficulty of Maintaining Maxwellians
journal, May 2013

Twisted versus braided magnetic flux ropes in coronal geometry: II. Comparative behaviour
journal, June 2016

Plasma dynamics in PF-1000 device under full-scale energy storage: I. Pinch dynamics, shock-wave diffraction, and inertial electrode
journal, March 2007

Fokker-Planck Equation for an Inverse-Square Force
journal, July 1957

Experimental Identification of the Kink Instability as a Poloidal Flux Amplification Mechanism for Coaxial Gun Spheromak Formation
journal, May 2003

Generation and loss of runaway electrons following disruptions in JET
journal, November 1993

Evidence for runaway electrons in a spheromak plasma
journal, July 1991

CHANDRA DISCOVERY OF 10 NEW X-RAY JETS ASSOCIATED WITH FR II RADIO CORE-SELECTED AGNs IN THE MOJAVE SAMPLE
journal, March 2011

Magnetic Braiding in a Toroidal Plasma
journal, April 1973

Stochastic Acceleration by Turbulence
journal, June 2012

Magnetic reconnection from a multiscale instability cascade
journal, February 2012

Particle-in-cell studies of fast-ion slowing-down rates in cool tenuous magnetized plasma
journal, April 2018

Three-Dimensional Simulations of Tearing and Intermittency in Coronal jets
journal, August 2016

Rayleigh–Taylor Instability and Excitation of Super-Dreicer Electric Fields in the Solar Chromosphere
journal, September 2016

Critical issues for understanding particle acceleration in impulsive solar flares
journal, January 1997

Role of electron physics in the development of turbulent magnetic reconnection in collisionless plasmas
journal, April 2011

A thermal/nonthermal model for solar hard X-ray bursts
journal, November 1994

Electron and Ion Runaway in a Fully Ionized Gas. II
journal, January 1960

Fast Magnetic Reconnection in the Solar Chromosphere Mediated by the Plasmoid Instability
journal, January 2015

A Model for Collision Processes in Gases. I. Small Amplitude Processes in Charged and Neutral One-Component Systems
journal, May 1954

Measurement of the Neutron Spectrum from Zeta
journal, June 1958

A laboratory plasma experiment for studying magnetic dynamics of accretion discs and jets
journal, August 2002

Twisted versus braided magnetic flux ropes in coronal geometry: I. Construction and relaxation
journal, March 2016

Astrophysical Jets
conference, January 2011

Astrophysical jets
conference, January 2000

Principles of Plasma Physics
journal, January 1974

Chandra Discovery of 10 New X-Ray Jets Associated With FR II Radio Core-Selected AGNs in the MOJAVE Sample
text, January 2011

Fast magnetic reconnection in the solar chromosphere mediated by the plasmoid instability
text, January 2015

Three-Dimensional Simulations of Tearing and Intermittency in Coronal Jets
text, January 2016