Evaluation of polyvinyl toluene scintillators for fast neutron imaging

Chuirazzi, William C.; Oksuz, Ibrahim; Kandlakunta, Praneeth; Massey, Thomas N.; Brune, Carl R.; Cherepy, Nerine J.; Paul Martinez, H.; Cao, Lei

doi:10.1007/s10967-018-6080-1

Title: Evaluation of polyvinyl toluene scintillators for fast neutron imaging

Abstract

We evaluated here polyvinyl toluene (PVT) scintillators fabricated with different emitting dopants and scintillator optical configurations for fast neutron imaging. A neutron imaging apparatus was constructed to study scintillators under MeV neutron exposure. PVT with 2% Xylyl Flrpic emitter was identified as the brightest. The addition of a black backing to the scintillator, compared with a specular reflector film backing, improved the resolution of the neutron image obtained with the PVT scintillator by about 2 ×. It is concluded that a PVT imaging screen with 2% Xylyl Flrpic, configured with a black backing, provides the best quality fast neutron image of the scintillators tested.

Authors:

Chuirazzi, William C. ^[1]; Oksuz, Ibrahim ^[1]; Kandlakunta, Praneeth ^[1]; Massey, Thomas N. ^[2]; Brune, Carl R. ^[2]; Cherepy, Nerine J. ^[3]; Paul Martinez, H. ^[3];

^[1]

The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States). Nuclear Engineering Program. Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Ohio Univ., Athens, OH (United States). Edwards Accelerator Lab. Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Sun Aug 12 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Ohio Univ., Athens, OH (United States); The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1502003

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-757419
Journal ID: ISSN 0236-5731; 944158

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; NA0002905

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 318; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0236-5731

Publisher:: Springer

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; neutron imaging; fast neutron; organic scintillator; PVT; spatial resolution; light yield

Citation Formats


                    Chuirazzi, William C., Oksuz, Ibrahim, Kandlakunta, Praneeth, Massey, Thomas N., Brune, Carl R., Cherepy, Nerine J., Paul Martinez, H., and Cao, Lei. Evaluation of polyvinyl toluene scintillators for fast neutron imaging.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1007/s10967-018-6080-1.

Copy to clipboard


                    Chuirazzi, William C., Oksuz, Ibrahim, Kandlakunta, Praneeth, Massey, Thomas N., Brune, Carl R., Cherepy, Nerine J., Paul Martinez, H., & Cao, Lei. Evaluation of polyvinyl toluene scintillators for fast neutron imaging.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-018-6080-1

Copy to clipboard


                    Chuirazzi, William C., Oksuz, Ibrahim, Kandlakunta, Praneeth, Massey, Thomas N., Brune, Carl R., Cherepy, Nerine J., Paul Martinez, H., and Cao, Lei. Sun .  
"Evaluation of polyvinyl toluene scintillators for fast neutron imaging".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-018-6080-1.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1502003.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1502003,

  title        = {Evaluation of polyvinyl toluene scintillators for fast neutron imaging},

  author       = {Chuirazzi, William C. and Oksuz, Ibrahim and Kandlakunta, Praneeth and Massey, Thomas N. and Brune, Carl R. and Cherepy, Nerine J. and Paul Martinez, H. and Cao, Lei},

  abstractNote = {We evaluated here polyvinyl toluene (PVT) scintillators fabricated with different emitting dopants and scintillator optical configurations for fast neutron imaging. A neutron imaging apparatus was constructed to study scintillators under MeV neutron exposure. PVT with 2% Xylyl Flrpic emitter was identified as the brightest. The addition of a black backing to the scintillator, compared with a specular reflector film backing, improved the resolution of the neutron image obtained with the PVT scintillator by about 2 ×. It is concluded that a PVT imaging screen with 2% Xylyl Flrpic, configured with a black backing, provides the best quality fast neutron image of the scintillators tested.},

  doi          = {10.1007/s10967-018-6080-1},

  journal      = {Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 318,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Sun Aug 12 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Sun Aug 12 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-018-6080-1

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 12 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

The Ohio University beam swinger facility
journal, July 1982

Finlay, R. W.; Brient, C. E.; Carter, D. E.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Vol. 198, Issue 2-3
DOI: 10.1016/0167-5087(82)90256-3

A Measurement of the ²⁷ Al ( d, n ) Spectrum for Use in Neutron Detector Calibration
journal, June 1998

Massey, T. N.; Al-Quraishi, S.; Brient, C. E.
Nuclear Science and Engineering, Vol. 129, Issue 2
DOI: 10.13182/NSE98-A1971

Gadolinium loaded plastic scintillators for high efficiency neutron detection
journal, August 2009

Ovechkina, Lena; Riley, Kent; Miller, Stuart
Physics Procedia, Vol. 2, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2009.07.008

Neutron Radiography of Irradiated Nuclear Fuel at Idaho National Laboratory
journal, January 2015

Craft, Aaron E.; Wachs, Daniel M.; Okuniewski, Maria A.
Physics Procedia, Vol. 69
DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2015.07.068

Bismuth- and lithium-loaded plastic scintillators for gamma and neutron detection
journal, April 2015

Cherepy, Nerine J.; Sanner, Robert D.; Beck, Patrick R.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 778, p. 126-132
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2015.01.008

The noise performance of electron multiplying charge-coupled devices
journal, May 2003

Robbins, M. S.; Hadwen, B. J.
IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 50, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1109/TED.2003.813462

A review of conventional explosives detection using active neutron interrogation
journal, June 2014

Whetstone, Z. D.; Kearfott, K. J.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 301, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3260-5

Sparse-view neutron CT reconstruction of irradiated fuel assembly using total variation minimization with Poisson statistics
journal, October 2015

Abir, Muhammad; Islam, Fahima; Wachs, Daniel
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 307, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4542-2

The Edwards Accelerator Laboratory at Ohio University
journal, January 2017

Meisel, Zach; Brune, C. R.; Grimes, S. M.
Physics Procedia, Vol. 90
DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2017.09.050

Investigation of the Brightness Enhancement using Brightness Enhancement Films on a Scintillator
journal, January 2013

Iikura, H.; Tsutsui, N.; Saito, Y.
Physics Procedia, Vol. 43
DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2013.03.019

Applications of Neutron Radiography for the Nuclear Power Industry
journal, January 2017

Craft, Aaron E.; Barton, John P.
Physics Procedia, Vol. 88
DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2017.06.009

CCD detectors for fast neutron radiography and tomography with a cone beam
journal, April 2005

Bogolubov, E.; Bugaenko, O.; Kuzin, S.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 542, Issue 1-3
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.098

Detecting contraband using neutrons: Challenges and future directions
journal, December 2010

Buffler, A.; Tickner, J.
Radiation Measurements, Vol. 45, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2010.06.010

Neutron radiography of irradiated fuel rod segments at the SINQ: loading, transfer and irradiation concept
journal, November 1999

Groeschel, F.; Schleuniger, P.; Hermann, A.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 424, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)01251-0

Non-destructive analysis of nuclear fuel by means of thermal and cold neutrons
journal, December 2003

Lehmann, E. H.; Vontobel, P.; Hermann, A.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 515, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2003.07.059

Measurement of the Thick-Target ⁹ Be( p , n ) Neutron Energy Spectra
journal, June 2001

Howard, W. B.; Grimes, S. M.; Massey, T. N.
Nuclear Science and Engineering, Vol. 138, Issue 2
DOI: 10.13182/NSE01-A2206

Performance characteristics of scintillators for use in an electronic neutron imaging system for neutron radiography
journal, September 1997

Brenizer, J. S.; Berger, H.; Stebbings, C. T.
Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 68, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1063/1.1148299

Detectors for energy-resolved fast-neutron imaging
journal, December 2004

Dangendorf, V.; Kersten, C.; Laczko, G.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 535, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-9002(04)01580-3

Focusing mirrors for enhanced neutron radiography with thermal neutrons and application for irradiated nuclear fuel
journal, January 2018

Rai, Durgesh K.; Abir, Muhammad; Wu, Huarui
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 879
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2017.10.013

Calculation of gamma-ray response matrix for 5 cm NE-213 organic liquid scintillation detector
journal, November 1975

Lurie, N. A.; Harris, L.; Young, J. C.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods, Vol. 129, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1016/0029-554X(75)90750-8

Contraband detection with fast neutrons
journal, October 2004

Buffler, Andy
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 71, Issue 3-4
DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.04.110

Characterization of the energy distribution of neutrons generated by 5MeV protons on a thick beryllium target at different emission angles
journal, December 2011

Agosteo, S.; Colautti, P.; Esposito, J.
Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Vol. 69, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.03.015

Application of neutron generators for high explosives, toxic agents and fissile material detection
journal, November 2005

Aleksandrov, V. D.; Bogolubov, E. P.; Bochkarev, O. V.
Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Vol. 63, Issue 5-6, p. 537-543
DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.05.002

The Study of Zinc Sulphide Scintillator for Fast Neutron Radiography
journal, January 2013

Yang, Wu; Bin, Tang; Heyong, Huo
Physics Procedia, Vol. 43
DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2013.03.024

Advances in explosives analysis—part I: animal, chemical, ion, and mechanical methods
journal, October 2015

Brown, Kathryn E.; Greenfield, Margo T.; McGrane, Shawn D.
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 408, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9040-4

Advances in explosives analysis—part II: photon and neutron methods
journal, October 2015

Brown, Kathryn E.; Greenfield, Margo T.; McGrane, Shawn D.
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 408, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9043-1

Optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry
journal, September 2001

McKeever, Stephen W. S.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, Vol. 184, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-583X(01)00588-2

A Low-cost Neutron Radiography Device
journal, January 2013

Turkoglu, Danyal; Cao, Lei; Lewandowski, Radoslaw
Physics Procedia, Vol. 43
DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2013.03.007

Noise evaluation of a digital neutron imaging device
journal, May 2012

Lewandowski, Radoslaw; Cao, Lei; Turkoglu, Danyal
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 674
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2012.01.025

Scintillation detectors for neutron physics research
journal, June 1979

Harvey, J. A.; Hill, N. W.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods, Vol. 162, Issue 1-3
DOI: 10.1016/0029-554X(79)90730-4

Neutron/γ-ray discrimination characteristics of novel neutron scintillators
journal, August 2004

Katagiri, M.; Sakasai, K.; Matsubayashi, M.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 529, Issue 1-3, p. 317-320
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2004.05.003

Neutron Imaging at LANSCE—From Cold to Ultrafast
journal, February 2018

Nelson, Ronald; Vogel, Sven; Hunter, James
Journal of Imaging, Vol. 4, Issue 2
DOI: 10.3390/jimaging4020045

Design and Testing of a Position-Sensitive Plastic Scintillator Detector for Fast Neutron Imaging
journal, January 2006

Bravar, Ulisse; Bruillard, Paul J.; Flckiger, Erwin O.
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 53, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2006.886046

Characterization of a new external neutron beam facility at the Ohio State University
journal, June 2011

Turkoglu, Danyal; Burke, Joshua; Lewandowski, Radoslaw
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 291, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1289-2

Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimetry
journal, December 1983

Rao, R. P.; deMurcia, M.; Gasiot, J.
Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Vol. 6, Issue 1-4
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a082868

The Edwards Accelerator Laboratory at Ohio University
text, January 2017

Meisel, Zach; Brune, C. R.; Grimes, S. M.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1707.04255

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Ba(1-x)SrxMg3SiN4:Eu narrowband red phosphor

Journal Article Osborne, R. A. ; Cherepy, N. J. ; Åberg, D. ; ... - Optical Materials

We evaluated polyvinyl toluene (PVT) scintillators fabricated with different emitting dopants and scintillator optical configurations for fast neutron imaging. A neutron imaging apparatus was constructed to study scintillators under MeV neutron exposure. PVT with 2% Xylyl Flrpic emitter was identified as the brightest. The addition of a black backing to the scintillator, compared with a specular reflector film backing, improved the resolution of the neutron image obtained with the PVT scintillator by about 2 9. It is concluded that a PVT imaging screen with 2% Xylyl Flrpic, configured with a black backing, provides the best quality fast neutron image ofmore » the scintillators tested.« less
Cited by 10
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2018.06.032

Full Text Available
Development of an optical sensor for measuring opacity changes in polyvinyl toluene scintillators

Journal Article Marianno, C. M. ; Ordonez, E. A. ; King, J. W. ; ... - Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1993)

Polyvinyl toluene (PVT) based detectors are used in radiation portal monitors (RPMs) worldwide to detect the trafficking of illicit nuclear material. PVT scintillators, which are normally optically clear, have been observed to suffer internal fogging throughout their volume due to prolonged exposure to varying environmental conditions. These changes could lead to reduced performance for RPMs that utilize plastic scintillators. In this research, a proof of concept system, consisting of different color light emitting diodes (LEDs) and a single optical sensor (OS), were used to examine the change in light transmission through a PVT scintillator. This Optical Monitoring System (OMS), coupledmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109189

Full Text Available
Onset of Fogging and Degradation in Polyvinyl Toluene-Based Scintillators

Journal Article Rose, Jr., Paul B. ; Okowita, Alex ; Lance, Michael J. ; ... - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science

Plastic-based gamma-ray detector materials such as polyvinyl toluene (PVT) occasionally suffer from loss of optical light transmission due to internal defects or “fogging” when exposed to some environmental conditions over time. Fogging results in reduced scintillation light propagated to the photomultiplier tube for collection. Investigations of the physical cause of these defects and their associated environmental conditions are ongoing. The goal of this work was to characterize the signs and effects of fogging over a simulated 22-year lifespan of the PVT in outdoor environments. Here, two potential mitigation methods were also evaluated, and one successfully mitigated the phenomena.
Cited by 1
https://doi.org/10.1109/tns.2020.2996535

Full Text Available
Quantifying spatial resolution in a fast neutron radiography system

Journal Article Oksuz, Ibrahim ; Bisbee, Matt ; Hall, James M. ; ... - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

Neutron imaging is a powerful nondestructive examination modality that has been employed in various applications. Fast neutrons provide advantages over lower energy neutrons, such as examining thicker samples and inducing negligible activation and transmutations. However, fast neutrons interact mostly via elastic scattering with both the neutron detector and the object, causing degradation in spatial resolution. This study explores the quantification of spatial resolution caused by the testing target itself and suggests proper candidate materials for characterizing spatial resolution in terms of modulation transfer function. Knife-edge radiographs of 3 mm, 6 mm, and 5 cm thick Tantalum (Ta) foils, and amore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2022.166331

Full Text Available
Fogging in Polyvinyl Toluene Scintillators

Journal Article Cameron, Richard J. ; Fritz, Brad G. ; Hurlbut, Charles ; ... - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 62(1):368-371

It has been observed that large polyvinyl toluene (PVT)-based gamma ray detectors can suffer internal “fogging” when exposed to outdoor environmental conditions over long periods of time. When observed, this change results in reduced light collection by photomultiplier tubes connected to the PVT. Investigation of the physical cause of these changes has been explored, and a root cause identified. Water penetration into the PVT from hot, high-humidity conditions results in reversible internal water condensation at room temperature, and permanent micro-fracturing of the PVT at very low environmental temperatures. Mitigation procedures and methods are being investigated.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2015.2390076

Similar Records

Title: Evaluation of polyvinyl toluene scintillators for fast neutron imaging

Abstract

Citation Formats

The Ohio University beam swinger facility journal, July 1982

A Measurement of the 27 Al ( d, n ) Spectrum for Use in Neutron Detector Calibration journal, June 1998

Gadolinium loaded plastic scintillators for high efficiency neutron detection journal, August 2009

Neutron Radiography of Irradiated Nuclear Fuel at Idaho National Laboratory journal, January 2015

Bismuth- and lithium-loaded plastic scintillators for gamma and neutron detection journal, April 2015

The noise performance of electron multiplying charge-coupled devices journal, May 2003

A review of conventional explosives detection using active neutron interrogation journal, June 2014

Sparse-view neutron CT reconstruction of irradiated fuel assembly using total variation minimization with Poisson statistics journal, October 2015

The Edwards Accelerator Laboratory at Ohio University journal, January 2017

Investigation of the Brightness Enhancement using Brightness Enhancement Films on a Scintillator journal, January 2013

Applications of Neutron Radiography for the Nuclear Power Industry journal, January 2017

CCD detectors for fast neutron radiography and tomography with a cone beam journal, April 2005

Detecting contraband using neutrons: Challenges and future directions journal, December 2010

Neutron radiography of irradiated fuel rod segments at the SINQ: loading, transfer and irradiation concept journal, November 1999

Non-destructive analysis of nuclear fuel by means of thermal and cold neutrons journal, December 2003

Measurement of the Thick-Target 9 Be( p , n ) Neutron Energy Spectra journal, June 2001

Performance characteristics of scintillators for use in an electronic neutron imaging system for neutron radiography journal, September 1997

Detectors for energy-resolved fast-neutron imaging journal, December 2004

Focusing mirrors for enhanced neutron radiography with thermal neutrons and application for irradiated nuclear fuel journal, January 2018

Calculation of gamma-ray response matrix for 5 cm NE-213 organic liquid scintillation detector journal, November 1975

Contraband detection with fast neutrons journal, October 2004

Characterization of the energy distribution of neutrons generated by 5MeV protons on a thick beryllium target at different emission angles journal, December 2011

Application of neutron generators for high explosives, toxic agents and fissile material detection journal, November 2005

The Study of Zinc Sulphide Scintillator for Fast Neutron Radiography journal, January 2013

Advances in explosives analysis—part I: animal, chemical, ion, and mechanical methods journal, October 2015

Advances in explosives analysis—part II: photon and neutron methods journal, October 2015

Optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry journal, September 2001

A Low-cost Neutron Radiography Device journal, January 2013

Noise evaluation of a digital neutron imaging device journal, May 2012

Scintillation detectors for neutron physics research journal, June 1979

Neutron/γ-ray discrimination characteristics of novel neutron scintillators journal, August 2004

Neutron Imaging at LANSCE—From Cold to Ultrafast journal, February 2018

Design and Testing of a Position-Sensitive Plastic Scintillator Detector for Fast Neutron Imaging journal, January 2006

Characterization of a new external neutron beam facility at the Ohio State University journal, June 2011

Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimetry journal, December 1983

The Edwards Accelerator Laboratory at Ohio University text, January 2017

The Ohio University beam swinger facility
journal, July 1982

A Measurement of the ²⁷ Al ( d, n ) Spectrum for Use in Neutron Detector Calibration
journal, June 1998

Gadolinium loaded plastic scintillators for high efficiency neutron detection
journal, August 2009

Neutron Radiography of Irradiated Nuclear Fuel at Idaho National Laboratory
journal, January 2015

Bismuth- and lithium-loaded plastic scintillators for gamma and neutron detection
journal, April 2015

The noise performance of electron multiplying charge-coupled devices
journal, May 2003

A review of conventional explosives detection using active neutron interrogation
journal, June 2014

Sparse-view neutron CT reconstruction of irradiated fuel assembly using total variation minimization with Poisson statistics
journal, October 2015

The Edwards Accelerator Laboratory at Ohio University
journal, January 2017

Investigation of the Brightness Enhancement using Brightness Enhancement Films on a Scintillator
journal, January 2013

Applications of Neutron Radiography for the Nuclear Power Industry
journal, January 2017

CCD detectors for fast neutron radiography and tomography with a cone beam
journal, April 2005

Detecting contraband using neutrons: Challenges and future directions
journal, December 2010

Neutron radiography of irradiated fuel rod segments at the SINQ: loading, transfer and irradiation concept
journal, November 1999

Non-destructive analysis of nuclear fuel by means of thermal and cold neutrons
journal, December 2003

Measurement of the Thick-Target ⁹ Be( p , n ) Neutron Energy Spectra
journal, June 2001

Performance characteristics of scintillators for use in an electronic neutron imaging system for neutron radiography
journal, September 1997

Detectors for energy-resolved fast-neutron imaging
journal, December 2004

Focusing mirrors for enhanced neutron radiography with thermal neutrons and application for irradiated nuclear fuel
journal, January 2018

Calculation of gamma-ray response matrix for 5 cm NE-213 organic liquid scintillation detector
journal, November 1975

Contraband detection with fast neutrons
journal, October 2004

Characterization of the energy distribution of neutrons generated by 5MeV protons on a thick beryllium target at different emission angles
journal, December 2011

Application of neutron generators for high explosives, toxic agents and fissile material detection
journal, November 2005

The Study of Zinc Sulphide Scintillator for Fast Neutron Radiography
journal, January 2013

Advances in explosives analysis—part I: animal, chemical, ion, and mechanical methods
journal, October 2015

Advances in explosives analysis—part II: photon and neutron methods
journal, October 2015

Optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry
journal, September 2001

A Low-cost Neutron Radiography Device
journal, January 2013

Noise evaluation of a digital neutron imaging device
journal, May 2012

Scintillation detectors for neutron physics research
journal, June 1979

Neutron/γ-ray discrimination characteristics of novel neutron scintillators
journal, August 2004

Neutron Imaging at LANSCE—From Cold to Ultrafast
journal, February 2018

Design and Testing of a Position-Sensitive Plastic Scintillator Detector for Fast Neutron Imaging
journal, January 2006

Characterization of a new external neutron beam facility at the Ohio State University
journal, June 2011

Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimetry
journal, December 1983

The Edwards Accelerator Laboratory at Ohio University
text, January 2017